湖泊细粒沉积岩纹层特征与形成机制研究进展及展望
- 收稿日期:
2024-05-19
- 网络出版日期:
2024-07-23
摘要: 作为古气候还原及非常规油气勘探的重要载体，细粒积岩纹层相关研究近年备受学者们关注。然而，目前学术界对湖泊中细粒沉积岩纹层究竟以何种机制形成以及相应识别特征的研究尚不明确。本文对湖泊中细粒沉积岩纹层的形成机制、沉积特征及控制因素研究进行了系统总结。资料显示，悬浮沉降、重力流远端稀释、底流、火山热液及微生物作用等方式，均可在湖泊环境中形成细粒沉积岩纹层。在成因识别中，尽管不同沉积过程可能形成成分、层厚、粒度及形态相似的纹层，但它们在纹层组合、生物扰动以及其它沉积构造特征等方面存在很大差别。这些纹层的形成和分布受古气候和古地理两大类因素控制，古气候对纹层控制作用广泛且复杂，古地理控制纹层分布格局。从理论发展和实际应用看，目前湖泊细粒沉积岩纹层研究还存在一些问题，未来在应查明纹层形成机制的基础上，发展有效的纹层信息提取手段和命名方法，整合纹层空间尺度的变化，并面向非常规油气重大需求，聚焦古气候还原、碳埋藏、生命演化及火星沉积学等前沿问题开展研究。
Research progress and perspective on the characteristics and formation mechanism of laminae in lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks
- Received Date:
2024-05-19
- Available Online:
2024-07-23
Abstract: As an important carrier for paleoclimate reduction and unconventional oil and gas exploration, the study of fine-grained rock layers has attracted scholars' attention in recent years. However, the current academic research on the formation mechanism and corresponding identification characteristics of laminae in lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks is still unclear. We systematically summarize the formation mechanism, sedimentary characteristics, and control factors of laminae in lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks. Suspended sedimentation, remote dilution of gravity flow, bottom flow, volcanic hydrothermal fluid, and microbial action are all responsible for the formation of laminae in lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks. In genetic identification, although different sedimentary processes may form similar laminae in composition, lamina thickness, particle size, and morphology, there are significant differences in laminae combinations, biological disturbances, and other sedimentary structural features. The formation and distribution of these laminae are controlled by two major factors: paleoclimate and paleogeography. Paleoclimate has a wide and complex control over laminae, and paleogeography controls the distribution pattern of laminae. From the perspective of theoretical development and practical application, there are still some problems in the study of laminae in lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks. In the future, effective methods for extracting and naming laminae information should be developed based on the identification of the formation mechanism of the laminae, integrating the changes in the spatial scale, and focusing on cutting-edge issues such as paleoclimate reduction, carbon burial, life evolution, and Martian sedimentology to meet the major needs of unconventional oil and gas exploration.
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