The Transformation of Triassic Sedimentary Framework and Corresponding Source Rock, North Carnarvon Basin

NIU Xing; YANG Xiang-hua; LI Dan; CHANG Yin-shan; HU Xiao-lin; XU Xiao-ming

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 2014 > 32(6): 1188-1200

NIU Xing, YANG Xiang-hua, LI Dan, CHANG Yin-shan, HU Xiao-lin, XU Xiao-ming. The Transformation of Triassic Sedimentary Framework and Corresponding Source Rock, North Carnarvon Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2014, 32(6): 1188-1200.

Citation:

NIU Xing, YANG Xiang-hua, LI Dan, CHANG Yin-shan, HU Xiao-lin, XU Xiao-ming. The Transformation of Triassic Sedimentary Framework and Corresponding Source Rock, North Carnarvon Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2014, 32(6): 1188-1200.

The Transformation of Triassic Sedimentary Framework and Corresponding Source Rock, North Carnarvon Basin

1.
Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources(China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074;
2.
Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074;
3.
CNOOC Research Institute International Department in Beijing, Beijing 100027

Received Date: 2013-11-20
Rev Recd Date: 2014-02-24
Publish Date: 2014-12-10

Abstract

The North Carnarvon basin is Australia's most important oil and gas basin, also one of main gas- rich basins in the world. In Triassic, North Carnarvon basin belongs to pericratonic depression and the strata are hugely thick and widely distributed. Mandatory regression occurred in northwest shelf of Australia in Late middle Triassic, causing the transformation of Triassic sedimentary framework, North Carnarvon basin, and the depositional environment of North Carnarvon basin from offshore turn into the transition facies, thus two distinct strata-Locker shale and Mungaroo group deposited in North Carnarvon basin. In this article, paleogeographic setting of Locker shale and Mungaroo group and characteristics of associated source rock and organic maceral are elaborated under macro-micro scales, and organic-inorganic aspects.
On a macro level, Mungaroo group is dominated by large-scale delta interbedded distributary channel sandstones and dark mudstones. The mudstone in proximal delta plain is thin, of which terrigenous organic matter content is high and TOC content can be up to 1.59%, besides, thin coal seams just developed locally. The mudstone in remote delta plain is thick, of which terrigenous organic matter content is high and TOC content is highest and can be up to 4.11%, besides, thin coal seams developed widely. The mudstone in delta front is thick, of which terrigenous organic matter content is low and TOC content can be up to 1.05%. Locker Shale is composed of major shallow sea depositional association and small-scale delta. The source rock in open shallow sea subfacies is the thick, what's more, prodelta, offshore and open shallow sea subfacies TOC content is much lower, and three sub-phases average TOC is 1.16%.
On a micro level, sedimentary facies of Mungaroo group from the proximal plain facies-distal plain facies-front subfacies liptinite content gradually increased, with that vitrinite first increased and then decreased, but inertinite first decreased and then increased. As Locker Shale, by the prodelta to neritic facies liptinite increased, with that both vitrinite and inertinite reduced.
The distribution of source rocks and organic maceral is closely related to special paleogeographic and monsoon flood paleoclimate setting of the southern margin of Thethys. The distal delta plain of Mungaroo group is the most favorable environment for the development of source rock. Lithofacies palaeogeographic framework and Sedimentary evolution regularity in Trassic of North Carnarvon Basin reflect the sedimentary characteristics which is dominated by paroxysmal water under the effect of greenhouse climate, providing a new train of thought for oil and gas resource evaluation in a similar geological setting.
- North Carnarvon Basin,
- Mungaroo Group,
- Locker Shale,
- the transformation of sedimentary framework,
- source rock

References

[1]	白国平,殷进垠. 澳大利亚北卡那封盆地油气地质特征及勘探潜力分析[J]. 石油实验地质,2007,29(3):253-258[Bai Guoping, Yin Jinyin. Petroleum geological features and exploration potential analyses of North Carnavon Basin, Australia[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experaiment, 2007, 29(3): 253-258]
[2]	张建球,钱桂华,郭念发,等. 澳大利亚大型沉积盆地与油气成藏[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,2008:88-103[Zhang Jinqiu, Qian Guihua, Guo Nianfa, et al. Large Sedimentary Basins and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Australia[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2008: 88-103]
[3]	Nereo Preto, Evelyn Kustatscher, Paul B. Wignall. Triassic climates — State of the art and perspectives[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2010, 290(1/2/3/4): 1-10
[4]	Hallam A. A review of Mesozoic climate[J]. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 1985, 142(3): 433-445
[5]	Pindell J. Mesozoic-cenozoic paleogeographic evolution of northern south-America [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1993, 77(2): 340
[6]	Russell F. Dubiel, Judith Totman Parrish, J. Michael Parrish, et al. The Pangaean megamonsoon — Evidence from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, Colorado Plateau [J]. Palaios, 1991, 6(4): 347-370
[7]	Wang P X. Global monsoon in a geological perspective[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(7): 1113-1136
[8]	Kidder D L, Worsley T R. Causes and consequences of extreme Permo-Triassic warming to globally equable climate and relation to the Permo-Triassic extinction and recovery[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2004, 203(3/4): 207-237
[9]	Frakes L A, Francis J E. A guide to Phanerozoic polar climates from high-latitude ice-rafting in the Cretaceous [J]. Nature, 1988, 333(6173): 547-549
[10]	N. Rubeen Cunneo, Edith L, Taylor T N, et al. In situ fossil forest from the upper Fremouw Formation (Triassic) of Antarctica: paleoenvironmental setting and paleoclimate analysis [J]. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 2003, 197(3): 239-261
[11]	Nicoletta Buratti, Simonetta Cirilli. Microfloristic provincialism in the Upper Triassic Circum-Mediterranean area and palaeogeographic implication [J]. Geobios, 2007, 40(2): 133-142
[12]	Tao Chongzhi, Bai Guoping, Liu Junlan,et al. Mesozoic lithofacies palaeogeography and petroleum prospectivity in North Carnarvon Basin, Australia[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2013, 2(1): 81-92
[13]	刘本培,冯庆来,Chonglakmani,等. 滇西古特提斯多岛洋的结构及其南北延伸[J]. 地学前缘,2002,9(3):161-170[Liu Benpei, Feng Qinglai, Chonglakmani, et al. The structure and north-south extension of the poly-island Paleotethys Ocean in Western Yunnan[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2002, 9(3): 161-170]
[14]	殷鸿福,吴顺宝,杜远生,等. 华南是特提斯多岛洋体系的一部分[J]. 地球科学,1999,24(1):1-12[Yin Hongfu, Wu Shunbao, Du Yuansheng, et al. South China defined as part of Tethyan archipelagic ocean system[J]. Earth Science, 1999, 24(1): 1-12]
[15]	颜佳新. 东特提斯地区二叠—三叠纪古气候特征及其古地理意义[J]. 地球科学,1999,24(1):13-20[Yan Jiaxin. Permian-Triassic ancient climate characteristics and the palaeogeographic significance of East Tethys region[J]. Earth Science, 1999, 24(1): 13-20]
[16]	王飞宇,傅家谟,刘德汉,等. 煤和陆源有机质生油岩有机岩石学特点及评价[J]. 新疆石油地质,1994,15(1):22-29[Wang Feiyu, Fu Jiamo, Liu Dehan, et al. Organic petrology characteristics and evaluation of coal and terrestrial organic matter oil source rocks[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 1994, 15 (1): 22-29]
[17]	朱伟林,李建平,周心怀,等. 渤海新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系与大型油气田勘探[J]. 沉积学报,2008,26(2):575-582[Zhu Weilin, Li Jianping, Zhou Xinhuai, et al. Neogene shallow water delta sedimentary system and large hydrocarbon exploration of Bohai[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2008, 26(2): 575-582]
[18]	邓运华. 论河流与油气的共生关系[J]. 石油学报,2010,31(1):12-17[Deng Yunhua. Analysis on correlation of river and petroleum[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2010, 31(1): 12-17]
[19]	李增学,魏久传,余继峰,等. 煤地质学[M]. 北京:地质出版社,2009 [Li Zengxue, Wei Jiuchuan, Yu Jifeng, et al. Coal Geology[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2009]
[20]	冯杨伟,屈红军,张功成. 澳大利亚西北陆架深水盆地油气地质特征[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(4):131-140[Feng Yangwei, Qu Hongjun, Zhang Gongcheng, et al. Hydrocarbon geological characteristics of Australia's northwest continental shelf deep-water basin[J]. Marine Geology & Quateranry Geology, 2011, 31(4): 131-140]
[21]	Cook A C, Michelle Smyth, Vos R G. Source potential of upper Triassic Fluvio-Deltaic systems of the Exmouth Plateau[J]. The APEA Journal, 1985
[22]	刘聪. 澳大利亚北卡那封盆地层序地层特征及对海平面变化的响应[D]. 北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011:12-85[Liu Cong. Stratigraphy characteristics and response of sea level change of Australia's North Carnarvon Basin sequence[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences(Beijing), 2011: 12-85]
[23]	Lister T R, Orbell G. Triassic-Jurassic source rock studies in the North Carnarvon Basin[J]. 1974
[24]	张家青. 澳大利亚西北大陆架油气地质特征及勘探潜力——以北卡那封盆地为例[J]. 内蒙古石油化工,2011(9):186-189[Zhang Jiaqing. Hydrocarbon geological characteristics and exploration potential of Australia's north west continental shelf - North Carnarvon Basin as an example[J]. Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry, 2011(9): 186-189]
[25]	冯杨伟,屈红军,张功成,等. 澳大利亚西北陆架中生界生储盖组合特征[J]. 海洋地质动态,2010,26(6):16-23[Feng Yangwei, Qu Hongjun, Zhang Gongcheng, et al. Mesozoic source-reservoir-seal assemblage characteristics in the northwest shelf of Australia [J]. Marine Geology Letters, 2010, 26(6): 16-23]
[26]	王全伟,阚泽忠,刘啸虎,等. 四川中生代陆相盆地孢粉组合所反映的古植被与古气候特征[J]. 四川地质学报,2008,28(2):89-95[Wang Quanwei, Kan Zezhong, Liu Xiaohu, et al. The Mesozoic sporopollen assemblage in the Sichuan Basin and its significance to paleovegetation and paleoclimate[J]. Sichuan Geology, 2008, 28(2): 89-95]
[27]	徐兆辉,胡素云,汪泽成,等. 古气候恢复及其对沉积的控制作用——以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例[J]. 沉积学报,2011,29(2):235-244[Xu Zhaohui, Hu Suyun, Wang Zecheng, et al. Restoration of paleoclimate and its geological significance: As an example from upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2011, 29(2): 235-244]
[28]	鲁胜梅,黄其胜. 川东地区晚三叠世须家河植物群及其沉积环境[J]. 地球科学,1992,17(3):329-335[Lu Shengmei,Huang Qisheng. Late Triassic epoch Xujiahe flora and its sedimentary environment in the east region of Sichuan [J]. Earth Science, 1992, 17(3):329-335]
[29]	Jan Golonka. Late Triassic and Early Jurassic palaeogeography of the world [J]. Palaogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2007, 244(1/2/3/4): 297-307

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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The Transformation of Triassic Sedimentary Framework and Corresponding Source Rock, North Carnarvon Basin

1. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources(China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074;

2. Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074;

3. CNOOC Research Institute International Department in Beijing, Beijing 100027

Received Date: 2013-11-20

Rev Recd Date: 2014-02-24

Publish Date: 2014-12-10

Key words:

North Carnarvon Basin /
Mungaroo Group /
Locker Shale /
the transformation of sedimentary framework /
source rock

Abstract: The North Carnarvon basin is Australia's most important oil and gas basin, also one of main gas- rich basins in the world. In Triassic, North Carnarvon basin belongs to pericratonic depression and the strata are hugely thick and widely distributed. Mandatory regression occurred in northwest shelf of Australia in Late middle Triassic, causing the transformation of Triassic sedimentary framework, North Carnarvon basin, and the depositional environment of North Carnarvon basin from offshore turn into the transition facies, thus two distinct strata-Locker shale and Mungaroo group deposited in North Carnarvon basin. In this article, paleogeographic setting of Locker shale and Mungaroo group and characteristics of associated source rock and organic maceral are elaborated under macro-micro scales, and organic-inorganic aspects.
On a macro level, Mungaroo group is dominated by large-scale delta interbedded distributary channel sandstones and dark mudstones. The mudstone in proximal delta plain is thin, of which terrigenous organic matter content is high and TOC content can be up to 1.59%, besides, thin coal seams just developed locally. The mudstone in remote delta plain is thick, of which terrigenous organic matter content is high and TOC content is highest and can be up to 4.11%, besides, thin coal seams developed widely. The mudstone in delta front is thick, of which terrigenous organic matter content is low and TOC content can be up to 1.05%. Locker Shale is composed of major shallow sea depositional association and small-scale delta. The source rock in open shallow sea subfacies is the thick, what's more, prodelta, offshore and open shallow sea subfacies TOC content is much lower, and three sub-phases average TOC is 1.16%.
On a micro level, sedimentary facies of Mungaroo group from the proximal plain facies-distal plain facies-front subfacies liptinite content gradually increased, with that vitrinite first increased and then decreased, but inertinite first decreased and then increased. As Locker Shale, by the prodelta to neritic facies liptinite increased, with that both vitrinite and inertinite reduced.
The distribution of source rocks and organic maceral is closely related to special paleogeographic and monsoon flood paleoclimate setting of the southern margin of Thethys. The distal delta plain of Mungaroo group is the most favorable environment for the development of source rock. Lithofacies palaeogeographic framework and Sedimentary evolution regularity in Trassic of North Carnarvon Basin reflect the sedimentary characteristics which is dominated by paroxysmal water under the effect of greenhouse climate, providing a new train of thought for oil and gas resource evaluation in a similar geological setting.

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Reference (29)

[1]	白国平,殷进垠. 澳大利亚北卡那封盆地油气地质特征及勘探潜力分析[J]. 石油实验地质,2007,29(3):253-258[Bai Guoping, Yin Jinyin. Petroleum geological features and exploration potential analyses of North Carnavon Basin, Australia[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experaiment, 2007, 29(3): 253-258]
[2]	张建球,钱桂华,郭念发,等. 澳大利亚大型沉积盆地与油气成藏[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,2008:88-103[Zhang Jinqiu, Qian Guihua, Guo Nianfa, et al. Large Sedimentary Basins and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Australia[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2008: 88-103]
[3]	Nereo Preto, Evelyn Kustatscher, Paul B. Wignall. Triassic climates — State of the art and perspectives[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2010, 290(1/2/3/4): 1-10
[4]	Hallam A. A review of Mesozoic climate[J]. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 1985, 142(3): 433-445
[5]	Pindell J. Mesozoic-cenozoic paleogeographic evolution of northern south-America [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1993, 77(2): 340
[6]	Russell F. Dubiel, Judith Totman Parrish, J. Michael Parrish, et al. The Pangaean megamonsoon — Evidence from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, Colorado Plateau [J]. Palaios, 1991, 6(4): 347-370
[7]	Wang P X. Global monsoon in a geological perspective[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(7): 1113-1136
[8]	Kidder D L, Worsley T R. Causes and consequences of extreme Permo-Triassic warming to globally equable climate and relation to the Permo-Triassic extinction and recovery[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2004, 203(3/4): 207-237
[9]	Frakes L A, Francis J E. A guide to Phanerozoic polar climates from high-latitude ice-rafting in the Cretaceous [J]. Nature, 1988, 333(6173): 547-549
[10]	N. Rubeen Cunneo, Edith L, Taylor T N, et al. In situ fossil forest from the upper Fremouw Formation (Triassic) of Antarctica: paleoenvironmental setting and paleoclimate analysis [J]. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 2003, 197(3): 239-261
[11]	Nicoletta Buratti, Simonetta Cirilli. Microfloristic provincialism in the Upper Triassic Circum-Mediterranean area and palaeogeographic implication [J]. Geobios, 2007, 40(2): 133-142
[12]	Tao Chongzhi, Bai Guoping, Liu Junlan,et al. Mesozoic lithofacies palaeogeography and petroleum prospectivity in North Carnarvon Basin, Australia[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2013, 2(1): 81-92
[13]	刘本培,冯庆来,Chonglakmani,等. 滇西古特提斯多岛洋的结构及其南北延伸[J]. 地学前缘,2002,9(3):161-170[Liu Benpei, Feng Qinglai, Chonglakmani, et al. The structure and north-south extension of the poly-island Paleotethys Ocean in Western Yunnan[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2002, 9(3): 161-170]
[14]	殷鸿福,吴顺宝,杜远生,等. 华南是特提斯多岛洋体系的一部分[J]. 地球科学,1999,24(1):1-12[Yin Hongfu, Wu Shunbao, Du Yuansheng, et al. South China defined as part of Tethyan archipelagic ocean system[J]. Earth Science, 1999, 24(1): 1-12]
[15]	颜佳新. 东特提斯地区二叠—三叠纪古气候特征及其古地理意义[J]. 地球科学,1999,24(1):13-20[Yan Jiaxin. Permian-Triassic ancient climate characteristics and the palaeogeographic significance of East Tethys region[J]. Earth Science, 1999, 24(1): 13-20]
[16]	王飞宇,傅家谟,刘德汉,等. 煤和陆源有机质生油岩有机岩石学特点及评价[J]. 新疆石油地质,1994,15(1):22-29[Wang Feiyu, Fu Jiamo, Liu Dehan, et al. Organic petrology characteristics and evaluation of coal and terrestrial organic matter oil source rocks[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 1994, 15 (1): 22-29]
[17]	朱伟林,李建平,周心怀,等. 渤海新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系与大型油气田勘探[J]. 沉积学报,2008,26(2):575-582[Zhu Weilin, Li Jianping, Zhou Xinhuai, et al. Neogene shallow water delta sedimentary system and large hydrocarbon exploration of Bohai[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2008, 26(2): 575-582]
[18]	邓运华. 论河流与油气的共生关系[J]. 石油学报,2010,31(1):12-17[Deng Yunhua. Analysis on correlation of river and petroleum[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2010, 31(1): 12-17]
[19]	李增学,魏久传,余继峰,等. 煤地质学[M]. 北京:地质出版社,2009 [Li Zengxue, Wei Jiuchuan, Yu Jifeng, et al. Coal Geology[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2009]
[20]	冯杨伟,屈红军,张功成. 澳大利亚西北陆架深水盆地油气地质特征[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(4):131-140[Feng Yangwei, Qu Hongjun, Zhang Gongcheng, et al. Hydrocarbon geological characteristics of Australia's northwest continental shelf deep-water basin[J]. Marine Geology & Quateranry Geology, 2011, 31(4): 131-140]
[21]	Cook A C, Michelle Smyth, Vos R G. Source potential of upper Triassic Fluvio-Deltaic systems of the Exmouth Plateau[J]. The APEA Journal, 1985
[22]	刘聪. 澳大利亚北卡那封盆地层序地层特征及对海平面变化的响应[D]. 北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011:12-85[Liu Cong. Stratigraphy characteristics and response of sea level change of Australia's North Carnarvon Basin sequence[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences(Beijing), 2011: 12-85]
[23]	Lister T R, Orbell G. Triassic-Jurassic source rock studies in the North Carnarvon Basin[J]. 1974
[24]	张家青. 澳大利亚西北大陆架油气地质特征及勘探潜力——以北卡那封盆地为例[J]. 内蒙古石油化工,2011(9):186-189[Zhang Jiaqing. Hydrocarbon geological characteristics and exploration potential of Australia's north west continental shelf - North Carnarvon Basin as an example[J]. Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry, 2011(9): 186-189]
[25]	冯杨伟,屈红军,张功成,等. 澳大利亚西北陆架中生界生储盖组合特征[J]. 海洋地质动态,2010,26(6):16-23[Feng Yangwei, Qu Hongjun, Zhang Gongcheng, et al. Mesozoic source-reservoir-seal assemblage characteristics in the northwest shelf of Australia [J]. Marine Geology Letters, 2010, 26(6): 16-23]
[26]	王全伟,阚泽忠,刘啸虎,等. 四川中生代陆相盆地孢粉组合所反映的古植被与古气候特征[J]. 四川地质学报,2008,28(2):89-95[Wang Quanwei, Kan Zezhong, Liu Xiaohu, et al. The Mesozoic sporopollen assemblage in the Sichuan Basin and its significance to paleovegetation and paleoclimate[J]. Sichuan Geology, 2008, 28(2): 89-95]
[27]	徐兆辉,胡素云,汪泽成,等. 古气候恢复及其对沉积的控制作用——以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例[J]. 沉积学报,2011,29(2):235-244[Xu Zhaohui, Hu Suyun, Wang Zecheng, et al. Restoration of paleoclimate and its geological significance: As an example from upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2011, 29(2): 235-244]
[28]	鲁胜梅,黄其胜. 川东地区晚三叠世须家河植物群及其沉积环境[J]. 地球科学,1992,17(3):329-335[Lu Shengmei,Huang Qisheng. Late Triassic epoch Xujiahe flora and its sedimentary environment in the east region of Sichuan [J]. Earth Science, 1992, 17(3):329-335]
[29]	Jan Golonka. Late Triassic and Early Jurassic palaeogeography of the world [J]. Palaogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2007, 244(1/2/3/4): 297-307

The Transformation of Triassic Sedimentary Framework and Corresponding Source Rock, North Carnarvon Basin

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