Outcrop-based Anatomy of a Lacustrine Delta Succession: A case study from Peizhuang Section, Ordos Basin

ZHAO Jun-feng; QU Hong-jun; LIN Jin-yan; LIU Xiang; YANG Yang; LIN Chuan

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Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 2014 > 32(6): 1026-1034

ZHAO Jun-feng, QU Hong-jun, LIN Jin-yan, LIU Xiang, YANG Yang, LIN Chuan. Outcrop-based Anatomy of a Lacustrine Delta Succession: A case study from Peizhuang Section, Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2014, 32(6): 1026-1034.

Citation:

ZHAO Jun-feng, QU Hong-jun, LIN Jin-yan, LIU Xiang, YANG Yang, LIN Chuan. Outcrop-based Anatomy of a Lacustrine Delta Succession: A case study from Peizhuang Section, Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2014, 32(6): 1026-1034.

Outcrop-based Anatomy of a Lacustrine Delta Succession: A case study from Peizhuang Section, Ordos Basin

1.
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics/Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069;
2.
Huabei Oilfield Company, Petroleum China, Renqiu, Hebei 062552

Received Date: 2013-12-19
Rev Recd Date: 2014-03-04
Publish Date: 2014-12-10

Abstract

With the further exploration and production of hydrocarbon resources, objective and detailed anatomy for internal architecture of reservoir bodies is becoming the necessary approach to improve the efficiency of development. Outcrop based sedimentary section plays an irreplaceable role in building geological model of underground reservoir. Taking the Yan'an Formation developed in Yan'an area of the Ordos Basin as an example, the internal architecture of a subaqueous sedimentary succession in lacustrine deltaic environment was anatomized, employing the research thoughts of sedimentology and architecture elements. According to this study, 9 lithotypes, 3 kinds of litho associations are identified in Peizhuang section. Furthermore, 6 kinds of sedimentary architecture elements such as prodelta, sheet sandstone, distal sandstone, mouth bar, subaqueous distributary channel, subaqueous distributary bay are identified as a result. Five hierarchy bounding surfaces are also recognized in the subaqueous distributary channel succession. It's suggested that not only subaqueous distributary channel, but also mouth bar, distal bar, sheet bar and so on are developed in delta front of so-called shallow-water delta. Generally, there is an upward coarsening succession in the studied section, while the progressive architecture of delta front is difficult to be recognized in outcrop scale. In consideration of the controversy about shallow-water delta, we suggest that enhancing outcrop-based study and particular physical modeling should be the key solutions.
- outcrop,
- lithofacies type,
- sedimentary architecture,
- bounding surface hierarchy,
- shallow-water delta,
- Yan'an Formation,
- Ordos Basin

References

[1]	Miall A D. Architectural elements and bounding surfaces in fluvial deposits, anatomy of the Kayenta Formation (Lower Jurassic), southwest Colorado [J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1988, 55(3): 233-262
[2]	于兴河,李胜利. 碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学的发展历程与热点问题思考[J]. 沉积学报,2009,27(5): 880-895 [Yu Xinghe, Li Shengli. The development and hotspot problems of clastic petroleum reservoir sedimentology[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2009, 27(5): 880-895]
[3]	吴胜和,翟瑞,李宇鹏. 地下储层构型表征:现状与展望[J]. 地学前缘,2012,19(2):15-23 [Wu Shenghe, Zhai Rui, Li Yupeng. Subsurface reservoir architecture characterization: current status and prospects[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2012, 19(2): 15-23]
[4]	李志鹏,林承焰,董波,等. 河控三角洲水下分流河道砂体内部建筑结构模式[J]. 石油学报,2012,33(1):101-105 [Li Zhipeng, Lin Chengyan, Dong Bo et al. An internal structure model of subaqueous distributary channel sands of the fluvial-dominated delta[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(1): 101-105]
[5]	Olariu, C, Bhattacharya J P. Terminal distributary channels and delta front architecture of fluvial dominated delta systems [J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2006,76(2): 212-233
[6]	Brian R T, Gillian N T. The Table Rocks sandstone: a fluvial, friction-dominated lobate mouth bar sandbody in the Westphalian B coal measures, NE England [J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2006,190(1/2/3/4): 97-119
[7]	张昌民,尹太举,朱永进,等. 浅水三角洲沉积模式[J]. 沉积学报,2010,28(5):933-944 [Zhang Changmin, Yin Taiju, Zhu Yongjin, et al. Shallow water deltas and their sedimentary models[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2010, 28(5): 933-944]
[8]	朱永进,尹太举,刘玲利. 浅水型三角洲沉积研究进展及问题讨论[J]. 石油天然气学报,2011,33(3):22-26 [Zhu Yongjin, Yin Taiju, Liu Lingli. Progress and discussion on shallow-water delta sediment[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2011, 33(3): 22-26]
[9]	朱筱敏,刘媛,方庆,等. 大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲形成条件和沉积模式——以松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层为例[J]. 地学前缘,2012,19(1):89-99 [Zhu Xiaomin, Liu Yuan, Fang Qing, et al. Formation and sedimentary model of shallow delta in large-scale lake, example from Cretaceous Quantou Formation in Sanzhao sag, Songliao Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2012, 19(1): 89-99]
[10]	焦养泉,李思田,杨士恭. 三角洲—湖泊沉积体系及聚煤研究——以鄂尔多斯盆地神木地区延安组Ⅱ单元为例[J]. 地球科学,1992,17(2):113-120 [Jiao Yangquan, Li Sitian, Yang Shigong. Delta-lacustrine depositional system and coal accumulation research[J]. Earth Science, 1992, 17(2): 113-120]
[11]	焦养泉,李思田,李祯,等. 曲流河与湖泊三角洲沉积体系及典型骨架砂体内部构成分析[M]. 武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1995:1-32 [Jiao Yangquan, Li Sitian, Li Zhen, et al. Meandering River, Delta Systems and Architectures of Typical Framework Sandstones[M]. Wuhan: Press of China University of Geosciences, 1995: 1-32]
[12]	付清平,李思田. 湖泊三角洲平原砂体的露头构形分析[J]. 岩相古地理,1994,14(5):21-33 [Fu Qingping, Li Sitian. Outcrop analysis of architecture of lacustrine deltaic plain sandbodies[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 1994, 14(5): 21-33]
[13]	王振奇,何贞铭,张昌民,等. 三角洲前缘露头储层层次分析——以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘潭家河剖面为例[J]. 江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(3):32-35 [Wang Zhenqi, He Zhenming, Zhang Changmin, et al. Analysis on reservoir hierarchy of deltaic front outcrops—Taking Tanjiahe outcrop in eastern Ordos Basin for example[J]. Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute, 2004, 26(3): 32-35]
[14]	陈飞,罗平,张兴阳,等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上三叠统延长组砂体结构与层序地层学研究[J]. 地学前缘,2010,17(1):1-7 [Chen Fei, Luo Ping, Zhang Xingyang, et al. Stratigraphic architecture and sequence stratigraphy of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the eastern margin of Ordos Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2010, 17(1): 1-7]
[15]	张兴阳,罗平,顾家裕,等. 三级基准面旋回内三角洲砂体骨架模型的建立——以陕北安塞三角洲露头为例[J]. 沉积学报,2006,24(4):540-548[Zhang Xingyang, Luo Ping, Gu Jiayu, et al. Establishment of the delta sandbody framework model in a 3^rd order base level cycle: Taking Ansai delta outcrop as an example[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2006, 24(4): 540-548]
[16]	Zou Caineng, Zhang Xingyang, Luo Ping,et al. Shallow-lacustrine sand-rich deltaic depositional cycles and sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin China[J]. Basin Research, 2010,22(1): 108-125
[17]	Miall A D. Architectural element analysis: A new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 1985,22(4): 261-308
[18]	Elliott T. Deltas[M]//Reading H G. Sedimentary Environments and Facies. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1986: 113-154
[19]	韩永林,王成玉,王海红,等. 姬塬地区长8油层组浅水三角洲沉积特征[J]. 沉积学报,2009,27(6):1057-1064[Han Yonglin, Wang Chengyu, Wang Haihong, et al. Sedimentary characteristics of shallow-water deltas in Chang-8 subsection of Yanchang Formation, Jiyuan area[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2009, 27(6): 1057-1064]
[20]	梅志超,林晋炎. 湖泊三角洲的地层模式和骨架砂体的特征[J]. 沉积学报,1991,9(4):1-11 [Mei Zhichao, Lin Jinyan. Stratigraphic pattern and character of skeletal sandbodies in lacustrine deltas[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1991, 9(4): 1-11]
[21]	朱伟林,李建平,周心怀,等. 渤海新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系与大型油气田勘探[J]. 沉积学报,2008,26(4):575-582 [Zhu Weilin, Li Jianping, Zhou Xinhuai, et al. Neogene shallow-water deltaic system and large hydrocarbon accumulations in Bohai Bay, China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2008, 26(4): 575-582]
[22]	胡明毅,马艳荣,刘仙晴,等. 大型坳陷型湖盆浅水三角洲沉积特征及沉积相模式——以松辽盆地茂兴—敖南地区泉四段为例[J]. 石油天然气学报,2009,31(3):13-17 [Hu Mingyi, Ma Yanrong, Liu Xianqing, et al. Sedimentary characteristics and mode of shallow delta in large scale downwrap lacustrine Basin- taking Quan-4 Formation in Maoxing and Aonan region in Songliao basin for example[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2009, 31(3): 13-17]
[23]	吕晓光,李长山,蔡希源,等. 松辽大型浅水湖盆三角洲沉积特征及前缘相储层结构模型[J]. 沉积学报,1999,17(4):572-577 [Lü Xiaoguang, Li Changshan, Cai Xiyuan, et al. Depositional characteristics and front facies reservoir framework model in Songliao shallow lacustrine delta[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1999, 17(4): 572-577]
[24]	Berg O R. Seismic detection and evaluation of delta and turbidite sequence: their application to the exploration for the subtle trap [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1982, 66(9): 57-75
[25]	邹才能,赵文智,张兴阳,等. 大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布[J]. 地质学报,2008,82(6):813-825 [Zou Caineng, Zhao Wenzhi, Zhang Xingyang, et al. Formation and distribution of shallow-water deltas and central-basin sandbodies in large open depression lake basins[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(6): 813-825]

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Outcrop-based Anatomy of a Lacustrine Delta Succession: A case study from Peizhuang Section, Ordos Basin

1. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics/Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069;

2. Huabei Oilfield Company, Petroleum China, Renqiu, Hebei 062552

Received Date: 2013-12-19

Rev Recd Date: 2014-03-04

Publish Date: 2014-12-10

Key words:

Abstract: With the further exploration and production of hydrocarbon resources, objective and detailed anatomy for internal architecture of reservoir bodies is becoming the necessary approach to improve the efficiency of development. Outcrop based sedimentary section plays an irreplaceable role in building geological model of underground reservoir. Taking the Yan'an Formation developed in Yan'an area of the Ordos Basin as an example, the internal architecture of a subaqueous sedimentary succession in lacustrine deltaic environment was anatomized, employing the research thoughts of sedimentology and architecture elements. According to this study, 9 lithotypes, 3 kinds of litho associations are identified in Peizhuang section. Furthermore, 6 kinds of sedimentary architecture elements such as prodelta, sheet sandstone, distal sandstone, mouth bar, subaqueous distributary channel, subaqueous distributary bay are identified as a result. Five hierarchy bounding surfaces are also recognized in the subaqueous distributary channel succession. It's suggested that not only subaqueous distributary channel, but also mouth bar, distal bar, sheet bar and so on are developed in delta front of so-called shallow-water delta. Generally, there is an upward coarsening succession in the studied section, while the progressive architecture of delta front is difficult to be recognized in outcrop scale. In consideration of the controversy about shallow-water delta, we suggest that enhancing outcrop-based study and particular physical modeling should be the key solutions.

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Reference (25)

[1]	Miall A D. Architectural elements and bounding surfaces in fluvial deposits, anatomy of the Kayenta Formation (Lower Jurassic), southwest Colorado [J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1988, 55(3): 233-262
[2]	于兴河,李胜利. 碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学的发展历程与热点问题思考[J]. 沉积学报,2009,27(5): 880-895 [Yu Xinghe, Li Shengli. The development and hotspot problems of clastic petroleum reservoir sedimentology[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2009, 27(5): 880-895]
[3]	吴胜和,翟瑞,李宇鹏. 地下储层构型表征:现状与展望[J]. 地学前缘,2012,19(2):15-23 [Wu Shenghe, Zhai Rui, Li Yupeng. Subsurface reservoir architecture characterization: current status and prospects[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2012, 19(2): 15-23]
[4]	李志鹏,林承焰,董波,等. 河控三角洲水下分流河道砂体内部建筑结构模式[J]. 石油学报,2012,33(1):101-105 [Li Zhipeng, Lin Chengyan, Dong Bo et al. An internal structure model of subaqueous distributary channel sands of the fluvial-dominated delta[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(1): 101-105]
[5]	Olariu, C, Bhattacharya J P. Terminal distributary channels and delta front architecture of fluvial dominated delta systems [J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2006,76(2): 212-233
[6]	Brian R T, Gillian N T. The Table Rocks sandstone: a fluvial, friction-dominated lobate mouth bar sandbody in the Westphalian B coal measures, NE England [J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2006,190(1/2/3/4): 97-119
[7]	张昌民,尹太举,朱永进,等. 浅水三角洲沉积模式[J]. 沉积学报,2010,28(5):933-944 [Zhang Changmin, Yin Taiju, Zhu Yongjin, et al. Shallow water deltas and their sedimentary models[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2010, 28(5): 933-944]
[8]	朱永进,尹太举,刘玲利. 浅水型三角洲沉积研究进展及问题讨论[J]. 石油天然气学报,2011,33(3):22-26 [Zhu Yongjin, Yin Taiju, Liu Lingli. Progress and discussion on shallow-water delta sediment[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2011, 33(3): 22-26]
[9]	朱筱敏,刘媛,方庆,等. 大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲形成条件和沉积模式——以松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层为例[J]. 地学前缘,2012,19(1):89-99 [Zhu Xiaomin, Liu Yuan, Fang Qing, et al. Formation and sedimentary model of shallow delta in large-scale lake, example from Cretaceous Quantou Formation in Sanzhao sag, Songliao Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2012, 19(1): 89-99]
[10]	焦养泉,李思田,杨士恭. 三角洲—湖泊沉积体系及聚煤研究——以鄂尔多斯盆地神木地区延安组Ⅱ单元为例[J]. 地球科学,1992,17(2):113-120 [Jiao Yangquan, Li Sitian, Yang Shigong. Delta-lacustrine depositional system and coal accumulation research[J]. Earth Science, 1992, 17(2): 113-120]
[11]	焦养泉,李思田,李祯,等. 曲流河与湖泊三角洲沉积体系及典型骨架砂体内部构成分析[M]. 武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1995:1-32 [Jiao Yangquan, Li Sitian, Li Zhen, et al. Meandering River, Delta Systems and Architectures of Typical Framework Sandstones[M]. Wuhan: Press of China University of Geosciences, 1995: 1-32]
[12]	付清平,李思田. 湖泊三角洲平原砂体的露头构形分析[J]. 岩相古地理,1994,14(5):21-33 [Fu Qingping, Li Sitian. Outcrop analysis of architecture of lacustrine deltaic plain sandbodies[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 1994, 14(5): 21-33]
[13]	王振奇,何贞铭,张昌民,等. 三角洲前缘露头储层层次分析——以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘潭家河剖面为例[J]. 江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(3):32-35 [Wang Zhenqi, He Zhenming, Zhang Changmin, et al. Analysis on reservoir hierarchy of deltaic front outcrops—Taking Tanjiahe outcrop in eastern Ordos Basin for example[J]. Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute, 2004, 26(3): 32-35]
[14]	陈飞,罗平,张兴阳,等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上三叠统延长组砂体结构与层序地层学研究[J]. 地学前缘,2010,17(1):1-7 [Chen Fei, Luo Ping, Zhang Xingyang, et al. Stratigraphic architecture and sequence stratigraphy of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the eastern margin of Ordos Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2010, 17(1): 1-7]
[15]	张兴阳,罗平,顾家裕,等. 三级基准面旋回内三角洲砂体骨架模型的建立——以陕北安塞三角洲露头为例[J]. 沉积学报,2006,24(4):540-548[Zhang Xingyang, Luo Ping, Gu Jiayu, et al. Establishment of the delta sandbody framework model in a 3^rd order base level cycle: Taking Ansai delta outcrop as an example[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2006, 24(4): 540-548]
[16]	Zou Caineng, Zhang Xingyang, Luo Ping,et al. Shallow-lacustrine sand-rich deltaic depositional cycles and sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin China[J]. Basin Research, 2010,22(1): 108-125
[17]	Miall A D. Architectural element analysis: A new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 1985,22(4): 261-308
[18]	Elliott T. Deltas[M]//Reading H G. Sedimentary Environments and Facies. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1986: 113-154
[19]	韩永林,王成玉,王海红,等. 姬塬地区长8油层组浅水三角洲沉积特征[J]. 沉积学报,2009,27(6):1057-1064[Han Yonglin, Wang Chengyu, Wang Haihong, et al. Sedimentary characteristics of shallow-water deltas in Chang-8 subsection of Yanchang Formation, Jiyuan area[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2009, 27(6): 1057-1064]
[20]	梅志超,林晋炎. 湖泊三角洲的地层模式和骨架砂体的特征[J]. 沉积学报,1991,9(4):1-11 [Mei Zhichao, Lin Jinyan. Stratigraphic pattern and character of skeletal sandbodies in lacustrine deltas[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1991, 9(4): 1-11]
[21]	朱伟林,李建平,周心怀,等. 渤海新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系与大型油气田勘探[J]. 沉积学报,2008,26(4):575-582 [Zhu Weilin, Li Jianping, Zhou Xinhuai, et al. Neogene shallow-water deltaic system and large hydrocarbon accumulations in Bohai Bay, China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2008, 26(4): 575-582]
[22]	胡明毅,马艳荣,刘仙晴,等. 大型坳陷型湖盆浅水三角洲沉积特征及沉积相模式——以松辽盆地茂兴—敖南地区泉四段为例[J]. 石油天然气学报,2009,31(3):13-17 [Hu Mingyi, Ma Yanrong, Liu Xianqing, et al. Sedimentary characteristics and mode of shallow delta in large scale downwrap lacustrine Basin- taking Quan-4 Formation in Maoxing and Aonan region in Songliao basin for example[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2009, 31(3): 13-17]
[23]	吕晓光,李长山,蔡希源,等. 松辽大型浅水湖盆三角洲沉积特征及前缘相储层结构模型[J]. 沉积学报,1999,17(4):572-577 [Lü Xiaoguang, Li Changshan, Cai Xiyuan, et al. Depositional characteristics and front facies reservoir framework model in Songliao shallow lacustrine delta[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1999, 17(4): 572-577]
[24]	Berg O R. Seismic detection and evaluation of delta and turbidite sequence: their application to the exploration for the subtle trap [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1982, 66(9): 57-75
[25]	邹才能,赵文智,张兴阳,等. 大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布[J]. 地质学报,2008,82(6):813-825 [Zou Caineng, Zhao Wenzhi, Zhang Xingyang, et al. Formation and distribution of shallow-water deltas and central-basin sandbodies in large open depression lake basins[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(6): 813-825]

Outcrop-based Anatomy of a Lacustrine Delta Succession: A case study from Peizhuang Section, Ordos Basin

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