Fluxes and Constituents of Particulate Matter in the South China Sea in Comparison with Sediment Accumulation Rates

Chen Jianfang; Zheng Lianfu; Chen Ronghua; Zheng Yulong; Chen Wenbin; M. G. Wiesner; H. K. Wong

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Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 1998 > 16(3): 14-19

Chen Jianfang, Zheng Lianfu, Chen Ronghua, Zheng Yulong, Chen Wenbin, M. G. Wiesner, H. K. Wong. Fluxes and Constituents of Particulate Matter in the South China Sea in Comparison with Sediment Accumulation Rates[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1998, 16(3): 14-19.

Citation:

Fluxes and Constituents of Particulate Matter in the South China Sea in Comparison with Sediment Accumulation Rates

1.
Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012;
2.
Institute of Biogeochemistry and Marine Chemistry, Univ. Hamburg, D-20146 H amburg, F. R. G.)

Received Date: 1997-07-24
Rev Recd Date: 1997-10-10
Publish Date: 1998-12-10

Abstract

Time-series sediment trap experiments covering the periods from September 1987 to October 1988 in the northern South China Sea and from December 1990 to April 1995 in the central South China Sea were carried out in order to measure the fluxes and constituents of particulate matter. Particle fluxes in northern and central South China Sea are about 90mg·m^-2·day^-1 and 85～90mg·m^-2·day^-1, re-spectively. Significant increases of the fluxes are observed during the periods of northeast and southwest monsoons. The main components of the particulate matter in the central South China Sea are carbonate (25.3%～61.0%), opal (15.3%～49.9%), organic matter (1.6%～12.5%) and lithogenic matter (12.2%～42.0%). Interestingly, in the northern South China Sea, opal only com prised 0.4% ～2.5% of the total fluxes while lithogenic matter occupied 33.0～67.0%. Carbonate, opal and organic matter are mainly derived from recent calcareo us and siliceo us plankton, and as for lithogenic matter, besides fluvial sediment discharge, aeolian transportation may also play an important role to increase lithog enic flux. The decreases of total flux as well as carbo nate, opal, organic matter fluxes with depth are mainly caused by dissolution of carbo nate and opal in water column. Organic matter loss with depth is attributed to dissolution of plankton shells which contain abundant organic matter as well as their biogeochemical degradation processes in water column. The much higher fluxes recorded in deep traps than in shallow traps in some sampling intervals suggest that advect of particulate matter in the water column is very frequent. In comparison with sediments in the deep basin of the South China Sea, it shows that most of the marine biogenic constituents such as carbonate, opal and organic matter dissolved before their reach-ing at the bottom. So it is obviously that the decreases of organic matter in sediments are not only result of decomposition of these organic matter, but also caused by dissolution of carbonate and opal. Lithogenic accumulation rates in sediment are much higher than its fluxes in the deep water column sug-gest that about 30%～60% of the deep basin sediments are contributed by near bottom sediment trans-portation mechanisms such as turbidites, especially in the northern part of the deep South China Sea.
- particle flux,
- co nstituents,
- sediment accum ulation rates,
- South China Sea

References

[1]	.国家海洋局. 南海中部环境资源综合调查. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1988. 253～359
[2]	.汪品先, 翦知湣, 刘志伟. 南海晚第四纪沉积速率. 见: 业治铮, 汪品先主编. 南海晚第四纪古海洋研究. 青岛: 青岛海洋大学出版社 , 1992. 23～41
[3]	.陈建芳, 郑连福. 沉积物捕获器与全球变化研究. 海洋通报 , 1996, 15(1): 41～47
[4]	.Jennerjahn T C, Liebezeit G, Kempe S. Particle flux in the northern South China Sea. In: Jin X , Kudrass H R, Pautot G, eds. Marine geology and geophysics of South China Sea. Bei-jing: China Ocean Press, 1992. 228～235
[5]	.Wiesner M G, Zheng L, Wong H K. Fluxes of particulate mat-ter in the South China Sea. In: Ittekkot V , Honjo S, eds. Parti-cle flux in the ocean. New York: John wiley & Sons, 1996. 293～312
[6]	.Michaelis W, Ittekkot V. Biogeochemistry of rivers: field and analy tical techniques. Hamburg: SCOPE/UNEP Sonderband, 1982, 52: 69～89
[7]	.陈文斌, 徐鲁强. 南海北部颗粒通量初部研究. 见: 郑连福, 陈文斌主编. 南海海洋沉积作用过程与地球化学研究. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1993. 191～201
[8]	.Cowie G L, Hedges J I. Bioch emical indicators of diagenetic al-teration in natural organic matter mixtures. Nature, 1994, 369: 304～307
[9]	.Broeck er W S, Takahashi T. The relationship between lysoc-tine depth and in situ carbonateion concentration. Deep Sea Re-search, 1978, 25: 65～95
[10]	.Chao S Y, Shaw P T. Deep water ventilation in the South Chi-na Sea. Deep Sea Research, 1996, 43: 445～466
[11]	.Shaw P T, Chao S Y. Winter upwilling of Luzon in the north-erneast South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 101: 16435～16448
[12]	.Honjo S. Fluxes of particles to the interior of the open ocean. In: Ittekkot V , Honjo S, eds. Particle flux in the ocean. New York: John wiley & Sons, 1996. 91～154
[13]	.Alld redge A L, Silver M W. Characteristics dynamics and sig-nificance of marine snow. Progress in Oceanography, 1988, 20: 41～82
[14]	.Schonfeld J, K udrass H R. Hemipelagic sediment accumulation rates in the South China Sea related to late Quaternary sea-level changes. Quaternary Research, 1993, 40: 368～379
[15]	.徐征宇, 王星福, 钱江初. 南海中部沉积速率初部研究. 见: 郑连福, 陈文斌主编. 南海海洋沉积作用过程与地球化学研究. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1993. 85～92
[16]	.陈文斌. 南海北部浊流沉积初部认识. 见: 郑连福, 陈文斌主编. 南海海洋沉积作用过程与地球化学研究. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1993. 124～135
[17]	.唐运千, 郑士龙, 刘可文. 南海柱状样中生物标志化合物. 见: 郑连福, 陈文斌主编. 南海海洋沉积作用过程与地球化学研究. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1993. 136～150
[18]	.汪品先. 南海十五万年来的沉积作用—沉积搬运作用. 见: 汪品先等编. 十五万年来的南海. 上海: 同济大学出版社, 1995. 39～45

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Fluxes and Constituents of Particulate Matter in the South China Sea in Comparison with Sediment Accumulation Rates

1. Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012;

2. Institute of Biogeochemistry and Marine Chemistry, Univ. Hamburg, D-20146 H amburg, F. R. G.)

Received Date: 1997-07-24

Rev Recd Date: 1997-10-10

Publish Date: 1998-12-10

Key words:

Abstract: Time-series sediment trap experiments covering the periods from September 1987 to October 1988 in the northern South China Sea and from December 1990 to April 1995 in the central South China Sea were carried out in order to measure the fluxes and constituents of particulate matter. Particle fluxes in northern and central South China Sea are about 90mg·m^-2·day^-1 and 85～90mg·m^-2·day^-1, re-spectively. Significant increases of the fluxes are observed during the periods of northeast and southwest monsoons. The main components of the particulate matter in the central South China Sea are carbonate (25.3%～61.0%), opal (15.3%～49.9%), organic matter (1.6%～12.5%) and lithogenic matter (12.2%～42.0%). Interestingly, in the northern South China Sea, opal only com prised 0.4% ～2.5% of the total fluxes while lithogenic matter occupied 33.0～67.0%. Carbonate, opal and organic matter are mainly derived from recent calcareo us and siliceo us plankton, and as for lithogenic matter, besides fluvial sediment discharge, aeolian transportation may also play an important role to increase lithog enic flux. The decreases of total flux as well as carbo nate, opal, organic matter fluxes with depth are mainly caused by dissolution of carbo nate and opal in water column. Organic matter loss with depth is attributed to dissolution of plankton shells which contain abundant organic matter as well as their biogeochemical degradation processes in water column. The much higher fluxes recorded in deep traps than in shallow traps in some sampling intervals suggest that advect of particulate matter in the water column is very frequent. In comparison with sediments in the deep basin of the South China Sea, it shows that most of the marine biogenic constituents such as carbonate, opal and organic matter dissolved before their reach-ing at the bottom. So it is obviously that the decreases of organic matter in sediments are not only result of decomposition of these organic matter, but also caused by dissolution of carbonate and opal. Lithogenic accumulation rates in sediment are much higher than its fluxes in the deep water column sug-gest that about 30%～60% of the deep basin sediments are contributed by near bottom sediment trans-portation mechanisms such as turbidites, especially in the northern part of the deep South China Sea.

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Reference (18)

[1]	.国家海洋局. 南海中部环境资源综合调查. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1988. 253～359
[2]	.汪品先, 翦知湣, 刘志伟. 南海晚第四纪沉积速率. 见: 业治铮, 汪品先主编. 南海晚第四纪古海洋研究. 青岛: 青岛海洋大学出版社 , 1992. 23～41
[3]	.陈建芳, 郑连福. 沉积物捕获器与全球变化研究. 海洋通报 , 1996, 15(1): 41～47
[4]	.Jennerjahn T C, Liebezeit G, Kempe S. Particle flux in the northern South China Sea. In: Jin X , Kudrass H R, Pautot G, eds. Marine geology and geophysics of South China Sea. Bei-jing: China Ocean Press, 1992. 228～235
[5]	.Wiesner M G, Zheng L, Wong H K. Fluxes of particulate mat-ter in the South China Sea. In: Ittekkot V , Honjo S, eds. Parti-cle flux in the ocean. New York: John wiley & Sons, 1996. 293～312
[6]	.Michaelis W, Ittekkot V. Biogeochemistry of rivers: field and analy tical techniques. Hamburg: SCOPE/UNEP Sonderband, 1982, 52: 69～89
[7]	.陈文斌, 徐鲁强. 南海北部颗粒通量初部研究. 见: 郑连福, 陈文斌主编. 南海海洋沉积作用过程与地球化学研究. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1993. 191～201
[8]	.Cowie G L, Hedges J I. Bioch emical indicators of diagenetic al-teration in natural organic matter mixtures. Nature, 1994, 369: 304～307
[9]	.Broeck er W S, Takahashi T. The relationship between lysoc-tine depth and in situ carbonateion concentration. Deep Sea Re-search, 1978, 25: 65～95
[10]	.Chao S Y, Shaw P T. Deep water ventilation in the South Chi-na Sea. Deep Sea Research, 1996, 43: 445～466
[11]	.Shaw P T, Chao S Y. Winter upwilling of Luzon in the north-erneast South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 101: 16435～16448
[12]	.Honjo S. Fluxes of particles to the interior of the open ocean. In: Ittekkot V , Honjo S, eds. Particle flux in the ocean. New York: John wiley & Sons, 1996. 91～154
[13]	.Alld redge A L, Silver M W. Characteristics dynamics and sig-nificance of marine snow. Progress in Oceanography, 1988, 20: 41～82
[14]	.Schonfeld J, K udrass H R. Hemipelagic sediment accumulation rates in the South China Sea related to late Quaternary sea-level changes. Quaternary Research, 1993, 40: 368～379
[15]	.徐征宇, 王星福, 钱江初. 南海中部沉积速率初部研究. 见: 郑连福, 陈文斌主编. 南海海洋沉积作用过程与地球化学研究. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1993. 85～92
[16]	.陈文斌. 南海北部浊流沉积初部认识. 见: 郑连福, 陈文斌主编. 南海海洋沉积作用过程与地球化学研究. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1993. 124～135
[17]	.唐运千, 郑士龙, 刘可文. 南海柱状样中生物标志化合物. 见: 郑连福, 陈文斌主编. 南海海洋沉积作用过程与地球化学研究. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1993. 136～150
[18]	.汪品先. 南海十五万年来的沉积作用—沉积搬运作用. 见: 汪品先等编. 十五万年来的南海. 上海: 同济大学出版社, 1995. 39～45

Fluxes and Constituents of Particulate Matter in the South China Sea in Comparison with Sediment Accumulation Rates

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