Architectures, Relationships between Discharges and Width/depth Ratios of Stream Cross Profiles, and Stream Powers of Anastomosing Rrivers

WANG Sui ji

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Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 2003 > 21(4): 565-570

WANG Sui ji. Architectures, Relationships between Discharges and Width/depth Ratios of Stream Cross Profiles, and Stream Powers of Anastomosing Rrivers[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21(4): 565-570.

Citation:

WANG Sui ji. Architectures, Relationships between Discharges and Width/depth Ratios of Stream Cross Profiles, and Stream Powers of Anastomosing Rrivers[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21(4): 565-570.

Architectures, Relationships between Discharges and Width/depth Ratios of Stream Cross Profiles, and Stream Powers of Anastomosing Rrivers

WANG Sui ji

Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101

Received Date: 2002-12-03
Publish Date: 2003-12-10

Abstract

As a new type of rivers, anastomosing river has been concerned by researchers although some questions about it was not clear for understanding it.This paper discusses the river architectures, relationships between width/depth ratios of stream cross sections and discharges, and stream powers of anastomosing rivers according to references and obtained data recently.It is helpful to researchers who is interested in this river pattern to develop the theory for it. Many aspects of anastomosing river appear particular characteristics compared with other river patterns.In the planform architectures, the multiple channels joining each other enclose flood basins on which vegetation,swamps and lakes develop basically.Longitudinal gradients of the channels are very low while the channel width/depth ratios are smaller than 40.In the depositional architectures of cross profiles, some isolated sand-bodies of channel deposits are ”floating” in the mud-bodies of flood basins.In the half-logarithm diagram of width/depth ratios of stream cross profiles vs.discharges, the scatters of anastomosing rivers are below compared with that of other river patterns.The stream powers of anastomosing rivers are very low compared with the old trunk channel from which it diverted because the channel gradients and discharges of every anastomosing channel are smaller than that of the old trunk channel.The specific stream power of the anastomosing channels:eastern Song zi River, western Song zi River, Hudu River, Ouchi River, northern Ouchi River and Songliheliu River are 3.0 W/m², 5.5 W/m²,2.8 W/m², 6.4 W/m², 3.7 W/m² and 2.7 W/m², respectively.Obviously, all of them are smaller than 10 W/m².But the specific stream power of anabranched Chang jiang trunk channel is 140 W/m².All of the characteristics of anastomosing rivers indicate that this river pattern is different from the anabranched rivers represented by the lower Chang jiang River, especially from other river patterns.
- anastomosing river,
- discharge,
- width/depth ratio,
- stream power,
- high effect in transporting sediment

References

[1]	Leopold L B, Wolman M G. River channel patterns, braided, meandering and straight. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper. 282-B, 1957, 45～62
[2]	Schumm S A, Khan H R. Experimental study of channel patterns[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1972, 83: 1755～1770
[3]	Schumm S A. River adjustment to altered hydrologic Regime-Murrumbidgee River and paleochannels, Australia, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1968, Prof. Paper No. 598
[4]	Chang Howard H. Minimum stream power and channel patterns[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1979, 41: 303～327
[5]	Ferguson R I. Channel form and channel changes[A]. In: Lewin J ed. British River[C]. Longdon: Allen and Unwin, 1981. 90～211
[6]	Keller E A, Brookes A. Consideration of meandering in channelization projects: selected observations and judgements[A]. In: Elliot C M ed. River Meandering. Proceedings of the conference Rivers '83, New Orleans, Louisiana, October 24～26 1983. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 1984, 384～397
[7]	Brown A G. Holocene floodplain sedimentation and channel response of the lower River Severn. United Kingdom[J]. Zeitschrift fü Geomorphologie, 1987, 32(3): 293～310
[8]	Nanson G C, Croke J C. A genetic classification of floodplains[J]. Geomorphology, 1992, 4: 459～486
[9]	Van den Berg J H. Prediction of alluvial channel pattern of perennial rivers[J]. Geomorphology, 1995, 12: 259～279
[10]	Lecce S A. Spatial patterns of historical overbank sedimentation and floodplain evolution. Blue River, Wisconsin[J]. Geomorphology, 1997, 18: 265～277
[11]	Makaske B. Anastomosing river: forms, processes and sediments. Nederlandse Geografische Studies vol. 249. Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap/Faculteit Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht. 1998, 1～287
[12]	Rust B R. A classification of alluvial channel systems[A]. In: Miall A D ed. Fluvial sedimentology[C]. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 5, Calgary, 1978. 187～198
[13]	王随继,任明达.根据河道形态和沉积物特征的河流新分类[J].沉积学报,1999,17(2): 240～246[Wang S, Ren M. A new classification of fluvial rivers according to channel planforms and sediment characteristics[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Snica, 1999, 17(2): 240～246]
[14]	Allen J R L. Henry Clifton Sorby and the sedimentary structures from the Lower Old Sandstone, Anglo-Welsh Basin[J]. Sedimentology, 1963, 3: 163～198
[15]	Bernard H A, Maror C J. Recent meander belt deposits of the Brazos River, an alluvial "sand" model (abs.)[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1963, 47: 350
[16]	Miall A D. Analysis of fluvial depositional systems[J]. AAPG Booksore, 1982. 1～33
[17]	Miall A D. Architectural-element analysis:a new method of facies appied to fluvial deposits[J]. Earth Science. Review., 1985, 22: 261～308
[18]	Smith D G, Smith N D. Sedimentation in anastomosed river systems: examples from alluvial valleys near Banff, Alberta[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1980, 50: 157～164
[19]	Putnam P E, Oliver T A. Stratigraphic traps in channel sandstone in the Upper Mannville (Albian) of east-central Alberta[J]. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 1980, 28 (4): 489～508
[20]	Smith D G. Anastomosed fluvial deposits: modern examples from western Canada[A]. In: Collinson J D, Lewin J, eds. Modern and ancient fluvial systems[C]. Spec. Publs. Int. Ass. Sediments. Blackwell, London. 1983, 155～168
[21]	Schumm S A, Erskine W D, Tilleard J W. Morphology, hydrology, and evolution of the anastomosing Ovens and King Rivers, Victoria, Australia[J]. Geologocal Society of America Bulletin, 1996, 108:1212～1224
[22]	Smith D G. Anastomosing river deposits, sedimentation rates and basin subsidence, Magdalena River, northwestern Columbia, South America[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1986, 46: 177～196
[23]	Nanson G C, East T J, Roberts R G. Quaternary stratigraphy, geochronogy and evolution of the Magela Creek catchment in the monsoon tropics of northern Australia[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1993, 83: 277～302
[24]	Riley S J, Taylor G. The geomorphology of the Upper Darling River System with special reference to the present fluvial system. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 90, Melbourne. 1978, 89～102

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Architectures, Relationships between Discharges and Width/depth Ratios of Stream Cross Profiles, and Stream Powers of Anastomosing Rrivers

Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101

Received Date: 2002-12-03

Publish Date: 2003-12-10

Key words:

Abstract: As a new type of rivers, anastomosing river has been concerned by researchers although some questions about it was not clear for understanding it.This paper discusses the river architectures, relationships between width/depth ratios of stream cross sections and discharges, and stream powers of anastomosing rivers according to references and obtained data recently.It is helpful to researchers who is interested in this river pattern to develop the theory for it. Many aspects of anastomosing river appear particular characteristics compared with other river patterns.In the planform architectures, the multiple channels joining each other enclose flood basins on which vegetation,swamps and lakes develop basically.Longitudinal gradients of the channels are very low while the channel width/depth ratios are smaller than 40.In the depositional architectures of cross profiles, some isolated sand-bodies of channel deposits are ”floating” in the mud-bodies of flood basins.In the half-logarithm diagram of width/depth ratios of stream cross profiles vs.discharges, the scatters of anastomosing rivers are below compared with that of other river patterns.The stream powers of anastomosing rivers are very low compared with the old trunk channel from which it diverted because the channel gradients and discharges of every anastomosing channel are smaller than that of the old trunk channel.The specific stream power of the anastomosing channels:eastern Song zi River, western Song zi River, Hudu River, Ouchi River, northern Ouchi River and Songliheliu River are 3.0 W/m², 5.5 W/m²,2.8 W/m², 6.4 W/m², 3.7 W/m² and 2.7 W/m², respectively.Obviously, all of them are smaller than 10 W/m².But the specific stream power of anabranched Chang jiang trunk channel is 140 W/m².All of the characteristics of anastomosing rivers indicate that this river pattern is different from the anabranched rivers represented by the lower Chang jiang River, especially from other river patterns.

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Reference (24)

[1]	Leopold L B, Wolman M G. River channel patterns, braided, meandering and straight. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper. 282-B, 1957, 45～62
[2]	Schumm S A, Khan H R. Experimental study of channel patterns[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1972, 83: 1755～1770
[3]	Schumm S A. River adjustment to altered hydrologic Regime-Murrumbidgee River and paleochannels, Australia, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1968, Prof. Paper No. 598
[4]	Chang Howard H. Minimum stream power and channel patterns[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1979, 41: 303～327
[5]	Ferguson R I. Channel form and channel changes[A]. In: Lewin J ed. British River[C]. Longdon: Allen and Unwin, 1981. 90～211
[6]	Keller E A, Brookes A. Consideration of meandering in channelization projects: selected observations and judgements[A]. In: Elliot C M ed. River Meandering. Proceedings of the conference Rivers '83, New Orleans, Louisiana, October 24～26 1983. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 1984, 384～397
[7]	Brown A G. Holocene floodplain sedimentation and channel response of the lower River Severn. United Kingdom[J]. Zeitschrift fü Geomorphologie, 1987, 32(3): 293～310
[8]	Nanson G C, Croke J C. A genetic classification of floodplains[J]. Geomorphology, 1992, 4: 459～486
[9]	Van den Berg J H. Prediction of alluvial channel pattern of perennial rivers[J]. Geomorphology, 1995, 12: 259～279
[10]	Lecce S A. Spatial patterns of historical overbank sedimentation and floodplain evolution. Blue River, Wisconsin[J]. Geomorphology, 1997, 18: 265～277
[11]	Makaske B. Anastomosing river: forms, processes and sediments. Nederlandse Geografische Studies vol. 249. Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap/Faculteit Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht. 1998, 1～287
[12]	Rust B R. A classification of alluvial channel systems[A]. In: Miall A D ed. Fluvial sedimentology[C]. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 5, Calgary, 1978. 187～198
[13]	王随继,任明达.根据河道形态和沉积物特征的河流新分类[J].沉积学报,1999,17(2): 240～246[Wang S, Ren M. A new classification of fluvial rivers according to channel planforms and sediment characteristics[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Snica, 1999, 17(2): 240～246]
[14]	Allen J R L. Henry Clifton Sorby and the sedimentary structures from the Lower Old Sandstone, Anglo-Welsh Basin[J]. Sedimentology, 1963, 3: 163～198
[15]	Bernard H A, Maror C J. Recent meander belt deposits of the Brazos River, an alluvial "sand" model (abs.)[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1963, 47: 350
[16]	Miall A D. Analysis of fluvial depositional systems[J]. AAPG Booksore, 1982. 1～33
[17]	Miall A D. Architectural-element analysis:a new method of facies appied to fluvial deposits[J]. Earth Science. Review., 1985, 22: 261～308
[18]	Smith D G, Smith N D. Sedimentation in anastomosed river systems: examples from alluvial valleys near Banff, Alberta[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1980, 50: 157～164
[19]	Putnam P E, Oliver T A. Stratigraphic traps in channel sandstone in the Upper Mannville (Albian) of east-central Alberta[J]. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 1980, 28 (4): 489～508
[20]	Smith D G. Anastomosed fluvial deposits: modern examples from western Canada[A]. In: Collinson J D, Lewin J, eds. Modern and ancient fluvial systems[C]. Spec. Publs. Int. Ass. Sediments. Blackwell, London. 1983, 155～168
[21]	Schumm S A, Erskine W D, Tilleard J W. Morphology, hydrology, and evolution of the anastomosing Ovens and King Rivers, Victoria, Australia[J]. Geologocal Society of America Bulletin, 1996, 108:1212～1224
[22]	Smith D G. Anastomosing river deposits, sedimentation rates and basin subsidence, Magdalena River, northwestern Columbia, South America[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1986, 46: 177～196
[23]	Nanson G C, East T J, Roberts R G. Quaternary stratigraphy, geochronogy and evolution of the Magela Creek catchment in the monsoon tropics of northern Australia[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1993, 83: 277～302
[24]	Riley S J, Taylor G. The geomorphology of the Upper Darling River System with special reference to the present fluvial system. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 90, Melbourne. 1978, 89～102

Architectures, Relationships between Discharges and Width/depth Ratios of Stream Cross Profiles, and Stream Powers of Anastomosing Rrivers

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