Analysis on Coal Formation under Transgression Events and Its Mechanism in Epicontinental Sea Basin

LI Zeng-xue; YU Ji-feng; GUO Jian-bin; HAN Mei-lian

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LI Zeng-xue, YU Ji-feng, GUO Jian-bin, HAN Mei-lian. Analysis on Coal Formation under Transgression Events and Its Mechanism in Epicontinental Sea Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21(2): 288-296,306.

Citation:

LI Zeng-xue, YU Ji-feng, GUO Jian-bin, HAN Mei-lian. Analysis on Coal Formation under Transgression Events and Its Mechanism in Epicontinental Sea Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21(2): 288-296,306.

Analysis on Coal Formation under Transgression Events and Its Mechanism in Epicontinental Sea Basin

Shandong University of Science & Technology, Tai'an,Shandong 271019

Received Date: 2002-04-01
Rev Recd Date: 2002-06-12
Publish Date: 2003-06-10

Abstract

According to traditional coal-forming theory, coal formation was thought to take place in the water (marine) regression period of the transgression and regression cycle, that is, the land facies coal forming model. The author's basic point of view that coal was formed during sea transgression is gradually becoming a theory or model of coal formation, which shows coal formation was transferred gradually to land during the transgression coal forming closely related to transgression. Peat formed in advance was submerged in seawater, as a result, the coal seam formed was of diachronism. This theory and model is originated from the analyzing result of the coal formation in epicontinental sea basin, which is a contribution to coal geology and bring up a new way in the analysis of coal formation. In particular, it puts forward a question on how to evaluate the function of coal seam, in terms of a special sedimentary body in sequence stratigraphy analysis. As the diachronism of coal seams was caused by the transgressive coal formation, whether the top surface or the bottom surface of a coal seam can be taken as an interface of different sequence units remains to be studied in detail. The sea level change of North China epicontinental sea basin in the late paleozoic period is of the feature of high frequency and complexity, that is, the sea level changed with different frequencies and grades and the superposition of them, to cause to form a special unit of sediment body. Long period of sea regression contains many short periods of transgression events; also, there may be relatively short period of regression in the course of transgression. The authors have studied the sedimentary series of transgression events in the coal-bearing strata and the characteristics of transgression sediments coming into contact with coal seams, summed up the points of transgression events and coal formation under the events, studied the mechanism of coal forming with transgression events, and put forward the theory of coal formation with transgression events in epicontinental sea coal aggregational basin. It is believed that the transgression events controlled the aggregation of coal in epicontinental sea basin, the rising of the base level provided favorable condition for the growth of peat swamp, while the large scale of transgression later on stopped the peat accumulation, which put the peat in a deoxidizing environment for a relatively short time for being preserved to form coal, and makes it impossible for very thick coal seams to be formed in such short period of peat swamp. That is to say, coal seams formed in such basin environment are mostly thin coal seams. The essential difference of coal formation with transgression events from that with transgression process is the isochronism. The latter is lacking in isochronism. There is no such continuous sedimentary series between sea facies layers and coal seams in the transgression event coal-forming model as in ordinary transgression process. The bottom floor of the coal seam is root clay, and there is interruption of sedimentation, which can be used as an important interface in dividing high-resolution sequences and the inside units. In the transgression event coal formation model has been proposed in the paper, the authors mainly emphasize the accidental event property. The transgression event played a controlling role in the aggregation of coal in the epicontinental sea basin. Peat accumulation results from the evolution of the environment caused by the rising of base level ahead of transgression. The peat accumulation can be said to take place during the period of sea level oscillation. If the accommodation needed for peat accumulation ion is stable for a long period, thick coal seam could be formed. The fact is that large scales of transgression enlarge the accommodation abruptly, which was not suitable for coal accumulation. Peat was submerged in deep water and coalification took place in a complete deoxidizing condition, also the gelatification was fairly complete. The happening proce
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- event"

References

[1]	Diesel C F K. Coal-bearing depositional systems-coal facies and depositional environments: 8-coal formation and sequence stratigraphy[M].New York: Inc. Springer-verlag, 1992: 462～ 514
[2]	邵龙义译.含煤旋回层及其成因模式[J].国外煤田地质,1994,(1):1～10[RiegelW.Goal-bearing cycles and its genetic models[J].1992]
[3]	邵龙义,窦建伟,张鹏飞.含煤岩系沉积学和层序地层学研究现状与展望[J].煤田地质与勘探,1998,26(1):4～9[Sbao Longyi,Dou Jianwei , Zhang Pengfei. The status and prospect of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphiy research on the coal-bearing strata[J]. Coal Geology and Exploration, 1998,26(1) :4～9]
[4]	李增学,李守春,魏久传等.事件性海侵与煤聚积规律-鲁西晚石炭世富煤单元的形成[J].岩相古地理,1995,15(1):1～9[Li Zebgxue,Li Shouchun, Wei Jiuchuan. Episodic transgression and coal accumu-la-tion: an example from the Late Carboniferous coal-rich units in the Western Shandong Coalfields [J]. Sedimentary Facies and Plaeogeography, 1995,15(1): 1～9]
[5]	李宝芳,温显端,李贵东.华北石炭、二叠系高分辨率层序地层分析[J].地学前缘,1999,6(增刊):81～94[Li Baofang,Wen Xianduan,Li Guidong. High resolution sequence stratigriphy analysis on the Permo-Carboniferous in North China Platform[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 1999,6(Supp) :81～94]
[6]	何起祥,业治铮,张明书等.受限陆表海的海侵模式[J].沉积学报,1991,9(1):1～10[He Qixiang, Ye Zhizhen, Zhang Mingshu. et al.Transgression model of restricted epicontinental sea[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1991,9(1):1～10]
[7]	陈钟惠,武法东,张守良等.华北晚古生代含煤岩系的沉积环境和聚煤规律[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1993[Chen Zhonghui,Wu Fadong, Zhang Shouliang, et al. The depositional environments and coal-accumulation regularities of Late Paleozoic coal bearing measures in North China[M]. Wuhan: Press of China University of Geosciences,1993]
[8]	李增学.内陆表海聚煤盆地的层序地层分析-华北内陆表海聚煤盆地的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,54(6):65～70[Li Zengxue.Sequence stratigraphy analysis of epicontinental coal accumulating basin-re-search advance in epicontinental coal accumulating basin of North China [J]. Advance in Earth Science, 1994,9(6) :65～70]
[9]	尚冠雄.华北晚古生代煤地质学研究[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,1997.91～188[Shang Guanxiong.China national administration of coal geology[M]. Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press,1997.91 ～ 188]
[10]	李思田,李祯,林畅松等.含煤盆地层序地层分析的几个基本问题[J].煤田地质与勘探,1993,21(4):1～9[Li Sitian,Li Zhen,Lin Changsong, et al. Some fundamental problem: about sequence stratigraphic analysis of coal basin [J]. Coal Geology and Exploration,1993,21(4):1～9]
[11]	李增学,魏久传,王明镇等.华北陆表海盆地南部层序地层分析[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.207～225[Li Zengxue,Wei Ji uchuan, Wang Mingzhen, et al. Sequence stratigraphical analysis of the south part of the North China Epicontental Basin[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1998. 207～225]
[12]	张韬.中国主要聚煤期沉积环境与聚煤规律[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.69～92[Zhang Tao.Depositional environment and coal-ac-cumulating regulatities of main coal-accumulating stages in Chinia[M].Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1995.69～92]
[13]	邵龙义,湘中早石炭世沉积学及层序地层学[M].江苏徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1997.97～115[Shao Longyi.Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Carboniferous in Hunan, South China[M]. Xuzhou Jiangsu: Press of China University of Mining and Technology, 1997.97～ 115 ]
[14]	Miall A D. Principle of sedimentary basin analysis(second edition)[M]. New York: Inc. Springer-Verlag, 1990

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Analysis on Coal Formation under Transgression Events and Its Mechanism in Epicontinental Sea Basin

Shandong University of Science & Technology, Tai'an,Shandong 271019

Received Date: 2002-04-01

Rev Recd Date: 2002-06-12

Publish Date: 2003-06-10

Key words:

Abstract: According to traditional coal-forming theory, coal formation was thought to take place in the water (marine) regression period of the transgression and regression cycle, that is, the land facies coal forming model. The author's basic point of view that coal was formed during sea transgression is gradually becoming a theory or model of coal formation, which shows coal formation was transferred gradually to land during the transgression coal forming closely related to transgression. Peat formed in advance was submerged in seawater, as a result, the coal seam formed was of diachronism. This theory and model is originated from the analyzing result of the coal formation in epicontinental sea basin, which is a contribution to coal geology and bring up a new way in the analysis of coal formation. In particular, it puts forward a question on how to evaluate the function of coal seam, in terms of a special sedimentary body in sequence stratigraphy analysis. As the diachronism of coal seams was caused by the transgressive coal formation, whether the top surface or the bottom surface of a coal seam can be taken as an interface of different sequence units remains to be studied in detail. The sea level change of North China epicontinental sea basin in the late paleozoic period is of the feature of high frequency and complexity, that is, the sea level changed with different frequencies and grades and the superposition of them, to cause to form a special unit of sediment body. Long period of sea regression contains many short periods of transgression events; also, there may be relatively short period of regression in the course of transgression. The authors have studied the sedimentary series of transgression events in the coal-bearing strata and the characteristics of transgression sediments coming into contact with coal seams, summed up the points of transgression events and coal formation under the events, studied the mechanism of coal forming with transgression events, and put forward the theory of coal formation with transgression events in epicontinental sea coal aggregational basin. It is believed that the transgression events controlled the aggregation of coal in epicontinental sea basin, the rising of the base level provided favorable condition for the growth of peat swamp, while the large scale of transgression later on stopped the peat accumulation, which put the peat in a deoxidizing environment for a relatively short time for being preserved to form coal, and makes it impossible for very thick coal seams to be formed in such short period of peat swamp. That is to say, coal seams formed in such basin environment are mostly thin coal seams. The essential difference of coal formation with transgression events from that with transgression process is the isochronism. The latter is lacking in isochronism. There is no such continuous sedimentary series between sea facies layers and coal seams in the transgression event coal-forming model as in ordinary transgression process. The bottom floor of the coal seam is root clay, and there is interruption of sedimentation, which can be used as an important interface in dividing high-resolution sequences and the inside units. In the transgression event coal formation model has been proposed in the paper, the authors mainly emphasize the accidental event property. The transgression event played a controlling role in the aggregation of coal in the epicontinental sea basin. Peat accumulation results from the evolution of the environment caused by the rising of base level ahead of transgression. The peat accumulation can be said to take place during the period of sea level oscillation. If the accommodation needed for peat accumulation ion is stable for a long period, thick coal seam could be formed. The fact is that large scales of transgression enlarge the accommodation abruptly, which was not suitable for coal accumulation. Peat was submerged in deep water and coalification took place in a complete deoxidizing condition, also the gelatification was fairly complete. The happening proce

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Reference (14)

[1]	Diesel C F K. Coal-bearing depositional systems-coal facies and depositional environments: 8-coal formation and sequence stratigraphy[M].New York: Inc. Springer-verlag, 1992: 462～ 514
[2]	邵龙义译.含煤旋回层及其成因模式[J].国外煤田地质,1994,(1):1～10[RiegelW.Goal-bearing cycles and its genetic models[J].1992]
[3]	邵龙义,窦建伟,张鹏飞.含煤岩系沉积学和层序地层学研究现状与展望[J].煤田地质与勘探,1998,26(1):4～9[Sbao Longyi,Dou Jianwei , Zhang Pengfei. The status and prospect of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphiy research on the coal-bearing strata[J]. Coal Geology and Exploration, 1998,26(1) :4～9]
[4]	李增学,李守春,魏久传等.事件性海侵与煤聚积规律-鲁西晚石炭世富煤单元的形成[J].岩相古地理,1995,15(1):1～9[Li Zebgxue,Li Shouchun, Wei Jiuchuan. Episodic transgression and coal accumu-la-tion: an example from the Late Carboniferous coal-rich units in the Western Shandong Coalfields [J]. Sedimentary Facies and Plaeogeography, 1995,15(1): 1～9]
[5]	李宝芳,温显端,李贵东.华北石炭、二叠系高分辨率层序地层分析[J].地学前缘,1999,6(增刊):81～94[Li Baofang,Wen Xianduan,Li Guidong. High resolution sequence stratigriphy analysis on the Permo-Carboniferous in North China Platform[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 1999,6(Supp) :81～94]
[6]	何起祥,业治铮,张明书等.受限陆表海的海侵模式[J].沉积学报,1991,9(1):1～10[He Qixiang, Ye Zhizhen, Zhang Mingshu. et al.Transgression model of restricted epicontinental sea[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1991,9(1):1～10]
[7]	陈钟惠,武法东,张守良等.华北晚古生代含煤岩系的沉积环境和聚煤规律[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1993[Chen Zhonghui,Wu Fadong, Zhang Shouliang, et al. The depositional environments and coal-accumulation regularities of Late Paleozoic coal bearing measures in North China[M]. Wuhan: Press of China University of Geosciences,1993]
[8]	李增学.内陆表海聚煤盆地的层序地层分析-华北内陆表海聚煤盆地的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,54(6):65～70[Li Zengxue.Sequence stratigraphy analysis of epicontinental coal accumulating basin-re-search advance in epicontinental coal accumulating basin of North China [J]. Advance in Earth Science, 1994,9(6) :65～70]
[9]	尚冠雄.华北晚古生代煤地质学研究[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,1997.91～188[Shang Guanxiong.China national administration of coal geology[M]. Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press,1997.91 ～ 188]
[10]	李思田,李祯,林畅松等.含煤盆地层序地层分析的几个基本问题[J].煤田地质与勘探,1993,21(4):1～9[Li Sitian,Li Zhen,Lin Changsong, et al. Some fundamental problem: about sequence stratigraphic analysis of coal basin [J]. Coal Geology and Exploration,1993,21(4):1～9]
[11]	李增学,魏久传,王明镇等.华北陆表海盆地南部层序地层分析[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.207～225[Li Zengxue,Wei Ji uchuan, Wang Mingzhen, et al. Sequence stratigraphical analysis of the south part of the North China Epicontental Basin[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1998. 207～225]
[12]	张韬.中国主要聚煤期沉积环境与聚煤规律[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.69～92[Zhang Tao.Depositional environment and coal-ac-cumulating regulatities of main coal-accumulating stages in Chinia[M].Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1995.69～92]
[13]	邵龙义,湘中早石炭世沉积学及层序地层学[M].江苏徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1997.97～115[Shao Longyi.Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Carboniferous in Hunan, South China[M]. Xuzhou Jiangsu: Press of China University of Mining and Technology, 1997.97～ 115 ]
[14]	Miall A D. Principle of sedimentary basin analysis(second edition)[M]. New York: Inc. Springer-Verlag, 1990

Analysis on Coal Formation under Transgression Events and Its Mechanism in Epicontinental Sea Basin

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