Depositional Characterisytics and Models of the Modern Anastomosing River in China

XIE Qing-bin; ZHU Xiao-min; GUAN Shou-rui; WANG Gui-wen; LIU Shao-bin; ZHANG Zhou-liang; CHEN Fang-hong; XUE Pei-hua; HAN De-xin

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Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 2003 > 21(2): 219-227

XIE Qing-bin, ZHU Xiao-min, GUAN Shou-rui, WANG Gui-wen, LIU Shao-bin, ZHANG Zhou-liang, CHEN Fang-hong, XUE Pei-hua, HAN De-xin. Depositional Characterisytics and Models of the Modern Anastomosing River in China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21(2): 219-227.

Citation:

Depositional Characterisytics and Models of the Modern Anastomosing River in China

1.
Petroleum University, Beijing 102200;
2.
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083;
3.
China Mining University, Beijing 100083

Received Date: 2002-01-04
Rev Recd Date: 2002-04-02
Publish Date: 2003-06-10

Abstract

The anastomosing fluvial system was considered as the same term of the braided fluvial system, but the anastomsing stream is distinct from the well-known meandering and braided river. Smith described the anastomosing fluvial system as "a low energy complex of several interconnected channels of variable sinuosity crossing a wetland and forming many elongate islands." Many Chinese rivers have anastomosing reaches, including some large rivers such as Changjiang River, Heilongjiang River, Zhujiang River and some middle-small rivers as Neijiang and Ganjiang River. Based on their physical geography and structural background, they can be divided into four types: plain anastomosing river, vale anastomosing river, lacustrine deltaic plain anastomosing river, marine deltaic plain anastomosing river. Three anastomosed river systems are described. They are anastomosing river in Qiqihaer section of Neijiang River, Ganjiang deltaplain anastomosing river and Zhujiang deltaplain anastomosing river. These rivers contain low gradient, high aggradation rates, multiple channel and large-area wetland between the channels. Channels, natural levees, crevasse-splay, floodplain, lakes, marshes and eolian dunes are important morphological and sedimentary units. Anastomosing channel-filling sediments are mainly composed of pebbly sand and medium to fine sands. Internally channel sandbody consist mainly of trough cross-bedding and oblique bedding. The other morphological units are mainly composed of fine-grained sediments. Some basic characteristics are as follows: climate and geography are not controlling factors of anastomosis; Low gradient is an essential condition for developing anastomosed river systems; Stable multiple channels are different from meandering and braided river; Wetland is major sedimentary unit; Primary factor of channel stabality is dense vegetation on the nature levees and high cohesiveness; Modern examples of anastomosed river systems are not common
- aanstomosing river,
- modern,
- depositional characteristics,
- channel,
- wetland,
- facies model

References

[1]	Schumrn S A. Speculations concerning paleohydrologic controls of terrestrial sedimentation. Bull[J]. Geol. Soc. Am., 1968, 79:1 573～1 578
[2]	Smith D G, Smith N D. Sedimentation in anastomosed river systems:examples from alluvial valleys near Banff[J]. Alberta, J. Sed.Petrol.,1980,50:157～164
[3]	Cairncross B. Anastomosing river deposits: palaeo-environmental control on coal quality and distribution, northern Karoo Basin[J]. Trans.Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 1980,83:327～332
[4]	Smith D G. Peat and coal in modem and ancient anastomosed river deposits[J]. Abstr. Geol. Ass. Can. 1981,6:A～52
[5]	Smith D G, Putnam P E. Anastomosed river deposits: modem and ancient examples in Alberta, Canada[J]. Can. J. Farth Sci., 1980,10:1396～1 406
[6]	Smith D G. Anastomosed fluvial deposits: modern examples from Western Canada[J]. Spec. Publ. Int. Assoc. Sed., 1983, 6: 155～168
[7]	Smith D G. Anastomosing river deposits: sedimentation rates and basin subsidence, Magdalena River. Northwestern Colombian South America [J]. Sed. Geol. 1986, 46:177～196
[8]	Smith D G. Effect of vegetation on lateral migration of anastomosed channels of a glacier meltwater river[J]. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 1976,87:857～860
[9]	Rust B R. Sedimentation in an arid-zone anastomosing fluvial system:Cooper'Creek, Central Australia[J]. J. Sed. Petrol., 1981,51:745～755
[10]	Rust B R, Legun A S. Modern anastomosing-fluvial deposits in arid Central Australia and a Carboniferous analogue in New Brunswick,Canada[A]. In:Collinson J, Lewin J,eds. Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems[C]. Spec. Publ. Int. Assoc. Sed., 1983,6:385～392
[11]	RustBR. A classification of alluvial channel systers[A]. In: MiallA D, ed. Fluvial Sedimentology[C]. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 5, 1978, 187～188
[12]	TorquistTE ,VanRee, MHMandFaessen, ELJh, Longitudinal facies architectural changes of a Middle Holocene arastomosing distributary system (Rhine-Meuse delta, central Netherlands) [A]. In:Fielding C R, ed. Current Research in Fluvial Sedimentology[C].Sediment. Geol. ,1993,85:203～219
[13]	彭苏萍.复合型三角洲平原上网状河的基本特征[J].科学通报,1989, 34(17) :1326～1328. [Peng Suping. Fundamental eharacteristics of the anastomsing fluvial system on complex deltaic plain[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 1989, 34(17): 1 326～1 328]
[14]	张周良,刘少宾.中国的网状河流体系[J].应用基础与工程科学报.1994,2:204～211.[Zhang Zhouliang,Liu Shaobin.Anastomosing fluvial systems in China[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering. 1994, 2: 204～211]
[15]	张周良,王芳华.广东三水盆地第四纪网状河沉积[J].沉积学报,1997, 15(4):58～63[Zhang Zhouliang, Wang Fanghua. Sedimentology of Quaternary anastomosing river systens in the Sanshui basin,Guangdong, China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1997, 15(4):58～63]
[16]	王随继,黎劲松,尹寿鹏.网状河流体系的基本特征及其影响因素[J].地理科学,1999,19(5):422～427[Wang Suiji,Li Jinsong,Yin Shoupeng. Basic characteristics and controlling factors of anastomosing fluvial systems[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1999, 19(5): 422～427]
[17]	尹寿鹏,谢庆宾,管守锐.网状河比较沉积学研究[J].沉积学报,2000,18(2):221～226.[Yin Shoupeng,Xie Qingbin,Guan Shourui. Study on anastomosed river with comparative sedimentology[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2000, 18(2): 221～226]
[18]	谢庆宾,管守锐,朱筱敏等.江西赣江下游中支现代网状河沉积[J].石油大学学报,2000,24(1):13～16[Xie Qingbin,Guan Shourui, Zhu Xiaomin, et al. Modem anastomosed fluvial deposits of the middle tributary of lower Ganjiang river in Jiangxi province[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum, 2000, 24(1) :13～16]
[19]	谢庆宾,管守锐,薛培华等.嫩江齐齐哈尔段现代网状河沉积研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(5):106～108[Xie Qingbin,Guan Shourui, Xue Peihua, et al. Depositional characteristics of the modem anastomosing river in Qiqihar section of Nenjiang river[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development.2000,27(5):106～108]
[20]	缪鸿基,沈灿桑,黄广耀等.珠江三角洲水土资源[M].珠江三角洲研究丛书(三).广州:中山大学出版社,1988,[Miao Hongji,Shen Cansang, Huang Guangyao, et al. Water and soil resources in Zhujiang delta [M]. Books Series on Study Zhujiang Delta (3).Guangzhou: 1998, Zhongshan University Press]
[21]	倪晋仁,马蔼乃.河流动力地貌学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1998[Ni Jinren,Ma Ainai.River dynamic geomorphology[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,1998]
[22]	"鄱阳湖研究"编委会.鄱阳湖研究[M].上海:上海科技出版社.1988[ Study on Poyang lake editorial board. Study on Poyang lake [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1988]
[23]	张周良.河流相地层的层序地层学与河流类型[J].地质论评,1996, 42 [ Zhang Zhouliang. Fluvial facies sequence stratigraphy and river types[J]. Geological Review, 1996, 42]
[24]	钱宁,张仁,周志德.河床演变学[M].北京:科学出版社,1987[Qian Ning, Zhangren, Zhou Zhide. Riverbed evolutionary[M]. Beijing: Science Press,1987]

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Depositional Characterisytics and Models of the Modern Anastomosing River in China

1. Petroleum University, Beijing 102200;

2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083;

3. China Mining University, Beijing 100083

Received Date: 2002-01-04

Rev Recd Date: 2002-04-02

Publish Date: 2003-06-10

Key words:

Abstract: The anastomosing fluvial system was considered as the same term of the braided fluvial system, but the anastomsing stream is distinct from the well-known meandering and braided river. Smith described the anastomosing fluvial system as "a low energy complex of several interconnected channels of variable sinuosity crossing a wetland and forming many elongate islands." Many Chinese rivers have anastomosing reaches, including some large rivers such as Changjiang River, Heilongjiang River, Zhujiang River and some middle-small rivers as Neijiang and Ganjiang River. Based on their physical geography and structural background, they can be divided into four types: plain anastomosing river, vale anastomosing river, lacustrine deltaic plain anastomosing river, marine deltaic plain anastomosing river. Three anastomosed river systems are described. They are anastomosing river in Qiqihaer section of Neijiang River, Ganjiang deltaplain anastomosing river and Zhujiang deltaplain anastomosing river. These rivers contain low gradient, high aggradation rates, multiple channel and large-area wetland between the channels. Channels, natural levees, crevasse-splay, floodplain, lakes, marshes and eolian dunes are important morphological and sedimentary units. Anastomosing channel-filling sediments are mainly composed of pebbly sand and medium to fine sands. Internally channel sandbody consist mainly of trough cross-bedding and oblique bedding. The other morphological units are mainly composed of fine-grained sediments. Some basic characteristics are as follows: climate and geography are not controlling factors of anastomosis; Low gradient is an essential condition for developing anastomosed river systems; Stable multiple channels are different from meandering and braided river; Wetland is major sedimentary unit; Primary factor of channel stabality is dense vegetation on the nature levees and high cohesiveness; Modern examples of anastomosed river systems are not common

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Reference (24)

[1]	Schumrn S A. Speculations concerning paleohydrologic controls of terrestrial sedimentation. Bull[J]. Geol. Soc. Am., 1968, 79:1 573～1 578
[2]	Smith D G, Smith N D. Sedimentation in anastomosed river systems:examples from alluvial valleys near Banff[J]. Alberta, J. Sed.Petrol.,1980,50:157～164
[3]	Cairncross B. Anastomosing river deposits: palaeo-environmental control on coal quality and distribution, northern Karoo Basin[J]. Trans.Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 1980,83:327～332
[4]	Smith D G. Peat and coal in modem and ancient anastomosed river deposits[J]. Abstr. Geol. Ass. Can. 1981,6:A～52
[5]	Smith D G, Putnam P E. Anastomosed river deposits: modem and ancient examples in Alberta, Canada[J]. Can. J. Farth Sci., 1980,10:1396～1 406
[6]	Smith D G. Anastomosed fluvial deposits: modern examples from Western Canada[J]. Spec. Publ. Int. Assoc. Sed., 1983, 6: 155～168
[7]	Smith D G. Anastomosing river deposits: sedimentation rates and basin subsidence, Magdalena River. Northwestern Colombian South America [J]. Sed. Geol. 1986, 46:177～196
[8]	Smith D G. Effect of vegetation on lateral migration of anastomosed channels of a glacier meltwater river[J]. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 1976,87:857～860
[9]	Rust B R. Sedimentation in an arid-zone anastomosing fluvial system:Cooper'Creek, Central Australia[J]. J. Sed. Petrol., 1981,51:745～755
[10]	Rust B R, Legun A S. Modern anastomosing-fluvial deposits in arid Central Australia and a Carboniferous analogue in New Brunswick,Canada[A]. In:Collinson J, Lewin J,eds. Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems[C]. Spec. Publ. Int. Assoc. Sed., 1983,6:385～392
[11]	RustBR. A classification of alluvial channel systers[A]. In: MiallA D, ed. Fluvial Sedimentology[C]. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 5, 1978, 187～188
[12]	TorquistTE ,VanRee, MHMandFaessen, ELJh, Longitudinal facies architectural changes of a Middle Holocene arastomosing distributary system (Rhine-Meuse delta, central Netherlands) [A]. In:Fielding C R, ed. Current Research in Fluvial Sedimentology[C].Sediment. Geol. ,1993,85:203～219
[13]	彭苏萍.复合型三角洲平原上网状河的基本特征[J].科学通报,1989, 34(17) :1326～1328. [Peng Suping. Fundamental eharacteristics of the anastomsing fluvial system on complex deltaic plain[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 1989, 34(17): 1 326～1 328]
[14]	张周良,刘少宾.中国的网状河流体系[J].应用基础与工程科学报.1994,2:204～211.[Zhang Zhouliang,Liu Shaobin.Anastomosing fluvial systems in China[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering. 1994, 2: 204～211]
[15]	张周良,王芳华.广东三水盆地第四纪网状河沉积[J].沉积学报,1997, 15(4):58～63[Zhang Zhouliang, Wang Fanghua. Sedimentology of Quaternary anastomosing river systens in the Sanshui basin,Guangdong, China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1997, 15(4):58～63]
[16]	王随继,黎劲松,尹寿鹏.网状河流体系的基本特征及其影响因素[J].地理科学,1999,19(5):422～427[Wang Suiji,Li Jinsong,Yin Shoupeng. Basic characteristics and controlling factors of anastomosing fluvial systems[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1999, 19(5): 422～427]
[17]	尹寿鹏,谢庆宾,管守锐.网状河比较沉积学研究[J].沉积学报,2000,18(2):221～226.[Yin Shoupeng,Xie Qingbin,Guan Shourui. Study on anastomosed river with comparative sedimentology[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2000, 18(2): 221～226]
[18]	谢庆宾,管守锐,朱筱敏等.江西赣江下游中支现代网状河沉积[J].石油大学学报,2000,24(1):13～16[Xie Qingbin,Guan Shourui, Zhu Xiaomin, et al. Modem anastomosed fluvial deposits of the middle tributary of lower Ganjiang river in Jiangxi province[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum, 2000, 24(1) :13～16]
[19]	谢庆宾,管守锐,薛培华等.嫩江齐齐哈尔段现代网状河沉积研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(5):106～108[Xie Qingbin,Guan Shourui, Xue Peihua, et al. Depositional characteristics of the modem anastomosing river in Qiqihar section of Nenjiang river[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development.2000,27(5):106～108]
[20]	缪鸿基,沈灿桑,黄广耀等.珠江三角洲水土资源[M].珠江三角洲研究丛书(三).广州:中山大学出版社,1988,[Miao Hongji,Shen Cansang, Huang Guangyao, et al. Water and soil resources in Zhujiang delta [M]. Books Series on Study Zhujiang Delta (3).Guangzhou: 1998, Zhongshan University Press]
[21]	倪晋仁,马蔼乃.河流动力地貌学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1998[Ni Jinren,Ma Ainai.River dynamic geomorphology[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,1998]
[22]	"鄱阳湖研究"编委会.鄱阳湖研究[M].上海:上海科技出版社.1988[ Study on Poyang lake editorial board. Study on Poyang lake [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1988]
[23]	张周良.河流相地层的层序地层学与河流类型[J].地质论评,1996, 42 [ Zhang Zhouliang. Fluvial facies sequence stratigraphy and river types[J]. Geological Review, 1996, 42]
[24]	钱宁,张仁,周志德.河床演变学[M].北京:科学出版社,1987[Qian Ning, Zhangren, Zhou Zhide. Riverbed evolutionary[M]. Beijing: Science Press,1987]

Depositional Characterisytics and Models of the Modern Anastomosing River in China

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