The Essence and Formation Model of the Loess

ZHAO Jing-bo

Volume 21 Issue 2

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ZHAO Jing-bo. The Essence and Formation Model of the Loess[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21(2): 198-204.

Citation:

ZHAO Jing-bo. The Essence and Formation Model of the Loess[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21(2): 198-204.

The Essence and Formation Model of the Loess

ZHAO Jing-bo^1,2

1.
Department of Geography, Shannxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062;
2.
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment,CAS, Xi'an 710075

Received Date: 2001-08-28
Rev Recd Date: 2002-05-28
Publish Date: 2003-06-10

Abstract

The materials show that the loess possess bio-texture, edg-prismatic and crumb texture, and also have the illuvial component of CaCO₃ coming from the soil and the atmospheric water, which reveals the reason of high CaCO₃ content and calcification.In the cold and wet areas, the organic content in the loess is higher than that in the soils of desert-grasslands areas, which indicate the loess is the soils with the organic substance formed during the soil-forming process. The loess possess these conditions such as biology, climate ,fine-homogeneous parent material forming soil fast., available terrain and long enough time to change into mature soil during its the developmental process, which shows during the loess formation process, the five fundamental factors for soil-forming have been provided .In essence, the loess is soil, and it is made up of multiple gray-yellow paleosol developed under the conditions of cold and arid climate relatively. In addition, it is steady and mature paleosol under the unique climate condition at that time, the soil types of which are mainly chestnut soil, sierozem, brown soil and dark loessial soil but only minority is cinnamon soil. The formation model of the loess is the one that wind dust experience soil-forming processes in the areas of forest-grasslands, grasslands and desert-grasslands. The loess can indicate the cold and arid climate. In the loess plateau areas, the soil resource enriches mostly, the loess is the soil resource with superior soil texture, rich element and mineral component. The sub-divisions of soil profile isn't obvious owing to continue deposit of wind dust and the weak soil-forming processes. The physical and mechanical character of the loess is influenced by the soil-forming process to a great extent.
- the formation of the loess,
- the essence of the loess,
- weak soil-forming process,
- grasslands soil,
- the formation model of loess

References

[1]	刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.4～6,170～172,277～300[Liu D S.Loess and environment[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985.4～6,170～172,277～300]
[2]	王永焱,林在贯.中国黄土的结构特征及物理力学性质[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.158～171[Wang Y Y,Lin ZG.Structure characterisfc of loess in China and physical, mcchanical character[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1991.158～ 171 ]
[3]	朱显漠,祝一志.论中国黄土高原土壤与环境[J].土壤学报,1992,29(4):351～357[Zhu X M,ZhuYZ.Adiscussion on spils andenvironment in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 1992,29(4):351～357]
[4]	雷祥义.秦岭黄土的粒度分析及其成因初步探讨[J].地质学报,1998,72(2): 178～187 [Lei X Y. Priminary study on particle size composition and its origin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1998,72(2): 178～187]
[5]	Kukla G J. Loess stratigraphy in central China[J]. Quaternary Science Review, 1987, 6:191～219
[6]	RutterN W.中国第四纪黄土和全球变化[J].第四纪研究,1992,12(1): 1 ～ 11 [ Rutter N W. Quaternary loess in China and global change [J]. Quaternary Sciences, 1992, 12(1): 1 ～ 11 ]
[7]	Emiliani C. Paleotemperature analysis of Core 280 and Pleistocene correlation[J]. Journal of Geology, 1958, 66:264～272
[8]	Kukla G J. Pleistocene land and sea correlation[J]. Earth Science Review, 1977, 13:307～374
[9]	赵景波.第四纪冷干气候条件下发育的古土壤[J].土壤通报,1991,22(6):245～248[Zhao J B.Paleosol developed under cold and arid Quaternary climate[J].Soil Bulletin,1991,22(6):245～248]
[10]	赵景波.西安刘家坡剖面第1第5层古土壤研究[J].地理研究,1991, 10(4): 51 ～ 58[Zhao J B. A study on lst and 5th paleosol in Li-ujiapo profile in Xi'an[J].Geographical Research,1991, 10(4):51～58]
[11]	赵景波,黄春长,岳应利.中国黄土中的风化壳研究[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):90～95[Zhao JB,HuangCC,YueYL.A study on wea-thering crusts in loess ofChina[J].ActaSedimentlogica Sinica,2001,19(1):90～95]
[12]	唐克丽.武功黄土沉积中埋藏古土壤微形态及其发生学探讨[J].科学通报,1981,26(3):177～179[Tang K L.A discussion on micromorpholog of buried paleosols in loess of Wugong and its origin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 1981, 26(3): 177～179]
[13]	熊毅,李庆逵.中国土壤[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.150～162[XongY,Li QK.Soil in China[M].Beijring:SciencePress,1989.150～162]
[14]	赵景波.西北黄土区第四纪土壤与环境[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1994.70～82[Zhao J B.Quatemary soils and environment in northwestern loess area[M]. Xi'an: Scientific and Technological Press of Shaanxi, 1994.70～82]
[15]	Marion G M, Schlsinger W H. and Fonteryn P J. A regional model for soil CaCO3 deposition in Southwestern Desert [J]. Soil Science,1985, 139:468～481
[16]	赵景波.关中平原黄土中古土壤CaCO3淀积深度研究[J].科学通报,1991,36(18):1 397～1 400[Zhao J B.A study on illuvial depth of CaCO3 of paleosol in loess in the Guanzhong Plain[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1991, 36(18):1 397～1 400]
[17]	赵景波.黄土中古土壤淀积类型[J].地理学报,1995,50(1):45～50[Zhao J B.Illuvial typesof CaCO3 in paleosols in loess[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1995,50(1):45～50]
[18]	赵景波.风化淋滤带地质新理论-CaCO3淀积深度理论[J].沉积学报,2000,18(1):29～35[Zhao J B.Anev geological theory on weathering and leaching zone--illuvial theory of CaCO3 [J]. ActaSedimentologica Sinica, 2000, 18(1): 29～35]
[19]	朱志诚.秦岭及其以北黄土区植被地带特征[J].地理科学,1991,11(2): 151 ～ 164[Zhu Z C. Regional characteristic of vegetation in the Qinling Mountains and beyond its north[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,1991,11(2):151～164]
[20]	丁仲礼,刘东生,刘秀铭等.250万年来的37个旋回[J].科学通报,1989,34(19):1 494～1 496[DingZL,LiuDS,LiuXM et al.37 cycles since 2.5Ma B.P[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1989,34(19):1 494～1 496]
[21]	赵景波,岳应利,陈云.黄土湿陷性及其成因[J].地质力学学报,1997,4(3):62～68[Zhao J B,Yue Y L,Chen Yun.Collapsibility of loess and its origin[J].Joumal of Geomechanics,1997,4(3):62～68]

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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The Essence and Formation Model of the Loess

1. Department of Geography, Shannxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062;

2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment,CAS, Xi'an 710075

Received Date: 2001-08-28

Rev Recd Date: 2002-05-28

Publish Date: 2003-06-10

Key words:

Abstract: The materials show that the loess possess bio-texture, edg-prismatic and crumb texture, and also have the illuvial component of CaCO₃ coming from the soil and the atmospheric water, which reveals the reason of high CaCO₃ content and calcification.In the cold and wet areas, the organic content in the loess is higher than that in the soils of desert-grasslands areas, which indicate the loess is the soils with the organic substance formed during the soil-forming process. The loess possess these conditions such as biology, climate ,fine-homogeneous parent material forming soil fast., available terrain and long enough time to change into mature soil during its the developmental process, which shows during the loess formation process, the five fundamental factors for soil-forming have been provided .In essence, the loess is soil, and it is made up of multiple gray-yellow paleosol developed under the conditions of cold and arid climate relatively. In addition, it is steady and mature paleosol under the unique climate condition at that time, the soil types of which are mainly chestnut soil, sierozem, brown soil and dark loessial soil but only minority is cinnamon soil. The formation model of the loess is the one that wind dust experience soil-forming processes in the areas of forest-grasslands, grasslands and desert-grasslands. The loess can indicate the cold and arid climate. In the loess plateau areas, the soil resource enriches mostly, the loess is the soil resource with superior soil texture, rich element and mineral component. The sub-divisions of soil profile isn't obvious owing to continue deposit of wind dust and the weak soil-forming processes. The physical and mechanical character of the loess is influenced by the soil-forming process to a great extent.

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Reference (21)

[1]	刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.4～6,170～172,277～300[Liu D S.Loess and environment[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985.4～6,170～172,277～300]
[2]	王永焱,林在贯.中国黄土的结构特征及物理力学性质[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.158～171[Wang Y Y,Lin ZG.Structure characterisfc of loess in China and physical, mcchanical character[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1991.158～ 171 ]
[3]	朱显漠,祝一志.论中国黄土高原土壤与环境[J].土壤学报,1992,29(4):351～357[Zhu X M,ZhuYZ.Adiscussion on spils andenvironment in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 1992,29(4):351～357]
[4]	雷祥义.秦岭黄土的粒度分析及其成因初步探讨[J].地质学报,1998,72(2): 178～187 [Lei X Y. Priminary study on particle size composition and its origin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1998,72(2): 178～187]
[5]	Kukla G J. Loess stratigraphy in central China[J]. Quaternary Science Review, 1987, 6:191～219
[6]	RutterN W.中国第四纪黄土和全球变化[J].第四纪研究,1992,12(1): 1 ～ 11 [ Rutter N W. Quaternary loess in China and global change [J]. Quaternary Sciences, 1992, 12(1): 1 ～ 11 ]
[7]	Emiliani C. Paleotemperature analysis of Core 280 and Pleistocene correlation[J]. Journal of Geology, 1958, 66:264～272
[8]	Kukla G J. Pleistocene land and sea correlation[J]. Earth Science Review, 1977, 13:307～374
[9]	赵景波.第四纪冷干气候条件下发育的古土壤[J].土壤通报,1991,22(6):245～248[Zhao J B.Paleosol developed under cold and arid Quaternary climate[J].Soil Bulletin,1991,22(6):245～248]
[10]	赵景波.西安刘家坡剖面第1第5层古土壤研究[J].地理研究,1991, 10(4): 51 ～ 58[Zhao J B. A study on lst and 5th paleosol in Li-ujiapo profile in Xi'an[J].Geographical Research,1991, 10(4):51～58]
[11]	赵景波,黄春长,岳应利.中国黄土中的风化壳研究[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):90～95[Zhao JB,HuangCC,YueYL.A study on wea-thering crusts in loess ofChina[J].ActaSedimentlogica Sinica,2001,19(1):90～95]
[12]	唐克丽.武功黄土沉积中埋藏古土壤微形态及其发生学探讨[J].科学通报,1981,26(3):177～179[Tang K L.A discussion on micromorpholog of buried paleosols in loess of Wugong and its origin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 1981, 26(3): 177～179]
[13]	熊毅,李庆逵.中国土壤[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.150～162[XongY,Li QK.Soil in China[M].Beijring:SciencePress,1989.150～162]
[14]	赵景波.西北黄土区第四纪土壤与环境[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1994.70～82[Zhao J B.Quatemary soils and environment in northwestern loess area[M]. Xi'an: Scientific and Technological Press of Shaanxi, 1994.70～82]
[15]	Marion G M, Schlsinger W H. and Fonteryn P J. A regional model for soil CaCO3 deposition in Southwestern Desert [J]. Soil Science,1985, 139:468～481
[16]	赵景波.关中平原黄土中古土壤CaCO3淀积深度研究[J].科学通报,1991,36(18):1 397～1 400[Zhao J B.A study on illuvial depth of CaCO3 of paleosol in loess in the Guanzhong Plain[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1991, 36(18):1 397～1 400]
[17]	赵景波.黄土中古土壤淀积类型[J].地理学报,1995,50(1):45～50[Zhao J B.Illuvial typesof CaCO3 in paleosols in loess[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1995,50(1):45～50]
[18]	赵景波.风化淋滤带地质新理论-CaCO3淀积深度理论[J].沉积学报,2000,18(1):29～35[Zhao J B.Anev geological theory on weathering and leaching zone--illuvial theory of CaCO3 [J]. ActaSedimentologica Sinica, 2000, 18(1): 29～35]
[19]	朱志诚.秦岭及其以北黄土区植被地带特征[J].地理科学,1991,11(2): 151 ～ 164[Zhu Z C. Regional characteristic of vegetation in the Qinling Mountains and beyond its north[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,1991,11(2):151～164]
[20]	丁仲礼,刘东生,刘秀铭等.250万年来的37个旋回[J].科学通报,1989,34(19):1 494～1 496[DingZL,LiuDS,LiuXM et al.37 cycles since 2.5Ma B.P[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1989,34(19):1 494～1 496]
[21]	赵景波,岳应利,陈云.黄土湿陷性及其成因[J].地质力学学报,1997,4(3):62～68[Zhao J B,Yue Y L,Chen Yun.Collapsibility of loess and its origin[J].Joumal of Geomechanics,1997,4(3):62～68]

The Essence and Formation Model of the Loess

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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