Depositional Features of the Zhongwei Basin, Ningxia, and Its Implications for Neotectonic Movements

ZHANG Ke; LIU Kai-yu; WU Jia-min; YANG Jin-chun; CAI Jian-bo

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 2004 > 22(3): 465-473

ZHANG Ke, LIU Kai-yu, WU Jia-min, YANG Jin-chun, CAI Jian-bo. Depositional Features of the Zhongwei Basin, Ningxia, and Its Implications for Neotectonic Movements[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2004, 22(3): 465-473.

Citation:

ZHANG Ke, LIU Kai-yu, WU Jia-min, YANG Jin-chun, CAI Jian-bo. Depositional Features of the Zhongwei Basin, Ningxia, and Its Implications for Neotectonic Movements[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2004, 22(3): 465-473.

Depositional Features of the Zhongwei Basin, Ningxia, and Its Implications for Neotectonic Movements

1.
Department of Geology, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275;
2.
Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 35487, U. S. A.;
3.
Institute of Geo-engineering Exploration, Yinchuan 750021;
4.
College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871

Received Date: 2003-07-02
Rev Recd Date: 2003-09-03
Publish Date: 2004-09-10

Abstract

The Zhongwei Basin is the largest compressional basin situated between the arc-form mountains along the northeast margin of Tibetan Plateau. Based upon our investigation in the field and in borehole data, depositional features and their variations in space and time are analyzed in this paper. In the Pliocene, the Xiangshan Mountain began to thrust northeast strongly along the Xiangshan-Tianjingshan fault zone, resulting in the depression in foreland and formation of the Zhongwei Basin. The strong compression also made some earlier sediments in the southern part of the basin thrust and uplift northward along some south-dip imbricate faults, producing wedge-like basin in the north-south profile with deep southward and shallow northward. Combing the thrusting, later sedimentation, including the one of the Yellow River, which flew through the basin from the west to east, had continuously moved northwards, occurring in diachronism of the sediments. Approximately in the end of the middle Pleistocene, the Zhongwei Basin was elevated responsible for strong activities of Yantongshan fault zone situated in the northeast of the basin, resulting in the down-cutting of the Yellow River, which ended the depositional process of the Zhongwei Basin. The end of depositional process of the Zhongwei Basin possibly means the starting of the strong activities of the Yantonshan fault zone rather than the end of the activities of the Xiangshan Tianjingshan fault zone. The process above probably implies the shifting processes of the strong compressional deformation from southwest to northeast along the northeast margin of Tibetan Plateau.
- southern Tibet,
- foreland basin,
- sedimentary response,
- Paleogene,
- sequence stratigraphy

References

[1]	柴炽章,张维岐,焦德成. 天景山断裂带前锋区第四纪构造变形及成因分析. 中国地震,1998,14(2):150～156[Chai Zhizhang, Zhang Weiqi, Jiao Decheng. Quaternary structure feature in forward area of Tianjingshan fault. Earthquake Research in China, 1998, 14(2): 150～156]
[2]	丁国瑜.宁夏中卫沙坡头黄河位错现象. 第四纪研究,1993,(4):370～378[Ding Guoyu. Offset of Yellow River, Shabotou, Zhongwei County, China. Quaternary Research, 1993, (4): 370～378 ]
[3]	国家地震局<鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系>课题组. 鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系. 北京:地震出版社,1988. 1～328[The research group on "Active fault system around Ordos Massif, State Seismological Bureau". Active fault system around Ordos massif. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1988. 1～328]
[4]	国家地震局地质研究所, 宁夏回族自治区地震局. 海原活动断裂. 北京:地震出版社,1990. 1～279[Institute of Geology, State Seismology Bureau of China, Provincial Seismology Bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The Heiyuan Active Fault Zone. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1988. 1～279]
[5]	韩文峰, 等. 黄河黑山峡大柳树松动岩体工程地质研究. 兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,1993. 77～89[Han Wenfeng, et al. Geo-engineering research on loose rocks in the Daliushu area along the Heishanxia Gorge of the Yellow River. Lanzhou: Ganshu Science and Technology Press, 1993. 77～89]
[6]	阎伟,邓起东. 香山-天景山断裂带的变形特征及走滑断裂端部挤压构造的形成机制. 见:<活动断裂研究>编委会.活动断裂研究(1). 北京:地震出版社,1991. 71～81[Ming Wei, Deng Qidong. The deformational characteristics of Xiangshan-Tianjingshan Fault and mechanism of compressional structures at the end of strike-slip fault. In: Committee on "Active Fault", Research on Active fault (1). Beijing: Seismological Press, 1991. 71～81]
[7]	聂政,林伟凡. 中卫─同心断裂带中段:香山─天景山断裂带1709年7.5级地震形变带特征. 地震,1993,13(1):41～44[Nie Zheng, Lin Weifan. Middle segment of Zhongwei-Tongxin Fault Zone: Seismic deformation band of 1709 earthquake with M=7.5 along Xiangshan-Tianjingshan Fault Zone. Earthquake, 1993, 13(1): 41～44]
[8]	宁夏回族自治区地质矿产局. 宁夏回族自治区区域地质志. 北京:地质出版社,1990.1～468[Geology and Mineral Resources of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Regional geology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1990. 1～468]
[9]	宁夏区测队中卫幅报告编写组. 青铜峡─中卫一带新近纪地层. 宁夏地质,1977, (6):48～50[Writing group of Zhongwei geological map illustration, Ningxia Regional Geological Surveying Team. The late Tertiary stratigraphy in the area along Qingtongxia to Zhongwei. Ningxia Geology, 1977, (6): 48～50]
[10]	任利生,林伟凡. 中卫─同心断裂带西段晚第四纪以来的活动性. 地震,1993,13(1):64～67[Ren Lisheng, Lin Weifan. Activity of the western segment of the Zhongwei-Tongxin Fault Zone since late Quaternary period. Earthquake, 1993, 13(1): 64～67]
[11]	田勤俭,申旭辉,韦开波, 等. 中卫-同心断裂带构造演化阶段初步研究. 见:卢演俦,高维明,陈国星, 等主编. 新构造与环境. 北京:地震出版社,2001. 339～406[Tian Qinjian, Shen Xuhui, Wei Kaibo, et al. Preliminary research on tectonic evolution stages of Zhongwei-Tongxin fault zone. In: Lu Yanchou, Gao Weiming, Chen Guoxin, et al., eds. Neotectonics and environment. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2001. 399～406]
[12]	汪一鹏,宋方敏,李志义, 等.宁夏香山-天景山断裂带晚第四纪强震重复间隔的研究.中国地震,1990,6(2):15～24[Wang Yipeng, Song Fangmin, Li Zhiyi, et al. Study on recurrence internals of great earthquakes in the late Quaternary of Xiangshan-Tianjingshan Fault Zone in Ningxia. Earthquake Research in China, 1990, 6(2): 15～21]
[13]	阎满存,董光荣,李保生. 沙坡头地区黄河阶地发育与地貌演化. 中国沙漠,1997,17(4):369～376[Yan Mancun, Dong Guangrong, Li Baosheng. Terrace development of Yellow River and Geomorphic evolution in Shapotou area. Journal of Desert Research in China, 1997, 17(4): 369～376 ]
[14]	易明初. 新构造运动及渭延裂谷构造. 北京:地震出版社,1993. 84～85[Yi Minychu. Neotectonic movement and the Weiyan Rift. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1993. 84～85]
[15]	张秉良,蒋溥,方仲景. 香山-天景山断裂活动方式的微观特征研究. 地质力学学报,1996,2(3):85～86[Zhang Binliang, Jiang Bo, Fang Zhongjing. Micro-feature research on active style of the Xiangshan-Tianjingshan fault. Journal of Geomechanics, 1996, 2 (3): 85～86]
[16]	张加桂. 宁夏中卫-同心断裂带地震危险性评价. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,1996,7(3):40～44[Zheng Jiagui. Evaluation on seismic risk of Zhongwei-Tongxin Fault Zone, Ningxia. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 1996, 7(3): 40～44]
[17]	张维岐,焦德成,柴炽章. 宁夏香山─天景山弧形断裂带新活动特征及1709年中卫南7.5级地震形变带. 地震地质,1988,10(3):12～20[Zhang Weiqi, Jiao Decheng, Chai Zhizhang. Neotectonic features of the Xiangshan-Tiangjigshan arc fracture zone and the seismic deformation zone of 1709 south of Zhongwei M=7.5 earthquake seismology and geology. Seismology and Geology, 1988, 10(3): 12～20]
[18]	周俊喜,刘百篪. 中卫-同心活断层研究. 西北地震学报,1987,7(3):71～77[Zhou Junxi, Liu Beichi. Research on Zhongwei-Tongxin active fault. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 1987, 7(3): 71～77]
[19]	周特先,曹明志,王利. 宁夏新生代构造应力状态. 宁夏地质,1985,(28):27～48[Zhou Texian, Cao Mingzhi, Wan Li. The Cenozoic tectonic stress field in Ningxia. Ningxia Geology, 1985(28): 27～48]
[20]	周特先,王利,曹明志. 宁夏构造地貌格局及其形成与发展. 地理学报,1985,40(3):215～224[Zhou Texian, Wang Li, Cao Mingzhi. Morphotectonic patterns of Nignxia Hui Autonomous Region and the formation and evolution. Acta Geographic Sinica, 1985, 40(3): 215～224]
[21]	周特先,姚茂文,王利, 等. 宁夏构造地貌. 银川:宁夏人民出版社,1994. 1～113[Zhou Texian, Yao Maowen, Wang Li, et al. Tectonic landform in Ningxia. Yinchuan: Ningxia People's Press, 1994. 1～113]
[22]	朱海之,陈建英. 宁夏中卫古地震的若干特点. 见:中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会.中国活动断裂. 北京:地震出版社,1982. 282～290[Zhou Haizhi, Chen Jianying. Some characteristics of paleo-earthquakes in Zhongning County, Ningxia Autonomous. In: Committee on Seismogeology, the seismological society of China. The active faults in China. Beijing: Seismological Press,1982. 282～290 ]
[23]	Deng Q, Sung F, Zhu S, et al. Active Faulting and Tectonics of the Ningxia-Hui Autonomous Region China. J.G.R.,1984, 89(B6):4427～4445
[24]	Zhang P, Burchfiel B C, Molnar P, et al. Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Ningxia-Hui Autonomous Region, China. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1990, 102(11):1484～1498
[25]	王伴月,阎志强,陆彦俊, 等. 宁夏海原两个第三纪中期哺乳动物群的发现. 古脊椎动物学报,1994,32(4):285～296[Wang Banyue, Yan Zhiqiang, Lu Yanjun, et al. Discovery of two mid-Tertiary mammalian faunas from Haiyuan, Ningxia, China. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 1994, 32(4): 285～296 ]
[26]	申旭辉,田勤俭,丁国瑜, 等. 宁夏贺家口子地区晚新生代地层序列及其构造意义. 中国地震,2001,17(2):156～165[Shen Xuhi, Tian Qinjian, Ding Guoyu, et al. The late Cenozoic stratigraphic sequence and its implication to tectonic evolution, Hejiakouzi area, Ninxia Hui Autonomous Region. Earthquake Research in China, 2001, 17(2): 156～165 ]
[27]	张珂,刘开瑜,杨景春. 宁夏清水河晚更新世冰卷泥的发现及其意义. 北京大学学报(自然科学版),2000,36(5):714～718[Zhang Ke, Liu Kaiyu, Yang Jingchun. The discovery and its significance of Late Quaternary involution in the Area of Lower Reach of Qingshuihe River, Ningxia, China. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2000, 36(5): 714～718

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Depositional Features of the Zhongwei Basin, Ningxia, and Its Implications for Neotectonic Movements

1. Department of Geology, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275;

2. Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 35487, U. S. A.;

3. Institute of Geo-engineering Exploration, Yinchuan 750021;

4. College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871

Received Date: 2003-07-02

Rev Recd Date: 2003-09-03

Publish Date: 2004-09-10

Key words:

Abstract: The Zhongwei Basin is the largest compressional basin situated between the arc-form mountains along the northeast margin of Tibetan Plateau. Based upon our investigation in the field and in borehole data, depositional features and their variations in space and time are analyzed in this paper. In the Pliocene, the Xiangshan Mountain began to thrust northeast strongly along the Xiangshan-Tianjingshan fault zone, resulting in the depression in foreland and formation of the Zhongwei Basin. The strong compression also made some earlier sediments in the southern part of the basin thrust and uplift northward along some south-dip imbricate faults, producing wedge-like basin in the north-south profile with deep southward and shallow northward. Combing the thrusting, later sedimentation, including the one of the Yellow River, which flew through the basin from the west to east, had continuously moved northwards, occurring in diachronism of the sediments. Approximately in the end of the middle Pleistocene, the Zhongwei Basin was elevated responsible for strong activities of Yantongshan fault zone situated in the northeast of the basin, resulting in the down-cutting of the Yellow River, which ended the depositional process of the Zhongwei Basin. The end of depositional process of the Zhongwei Basin possibly means the starting of the strong activities of the Yantonshan fault zone rather than the end of the activities of the Xiangshan Tianjingshan fault zone. The process above probably implies the shifting processes of the strong compressional deformation from southwest to northeast along the northeast margin of Tibetan Plateau.

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Reference (27)

[1]	柴炽章,张维岐,焦德成. 天景山断裂带前锋区第四纪构造变形及成因分析. 中国地震,1998,14(2):150～156[Chai Zhizhang, Zhang Weiqi, Jiao Decheng. Quaternary structure feature in forward area of Tianjingshan fault. Earthquake Research in China, 1998, 14(2): 150～156]
[2]	丁国瑜.宁夏中卫沙坡头黄河位错现象. 第四纪研究,1993,(4):370～378[Ding Guoyu. Offset of Yellow River, Shabotou, Zhongwei County, China. Quaternary Research, 1993, (4): 370～378 ]
[3]	国家地震局<鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系>课题组. 鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系. 北京:地震出版社,1988. 1～328[The research group on "Active fault system around Ordos Massif, State Seismological Bureau". Active fault system around Ordos massif. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1988. 1～328]
[4]	国家地震局地质研究所, 宁夏回族自治区地震局. 海原活动断裂. 北京:地震出版社,1990. 1～279[Institute of Geology, State Seismology Bureau of China, Provincial Seismology Bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The Heiyuan Active Fault Zone. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1988. 1～279]
[5]	韩文峰, 等. 黄河黑山峡大柳树松动岩体工程地质研究. 兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,1993. 77～89[Han Wenfeng, et al. Geo-engineering research on loose rocks in the Daliushu area along the Heishanxia Gorge of the Yellow River. Lanzhou: Ganshu Science and Technology Press, 1993. 77～89]
[6]	阎伟,邓起东. 香山-天景山断裂带的变形特征及走滑断裂端部挤压构造的形成机制. 见:<活动断裂研究>编委会.活动断裂研究(1). 北京:地震出版社,1991. 71～81[Ming Wei, Deng Qidong. The deformational characteristics of Xiangshan-Tianjingshan Fault and mechanism of compressional structures at the end of strike-slip fault. In: Committee on "Active Fault", Research on Active fault (1). Beijing: Seismological Press, 1991. 71～81]
[7]	聂政,林伟凡. 中卫─同心断裂带中段:香山─天景山断裂带1709年7.5级地震形变带特征. 地震,1993,13(1):41～44[Nie Zheng, Lin Weifan. Middle segment of Zhongwei-Tongxin Fault Zone: Seismic deformation band of 1709 earthquake with M=7.5 along Xiangshan-Tianjingshan Fault Zone. Earthquake, 1993, 13(1): 41～44]
[8]	宁夏回族自治区地质矿产局. 宁夏回族自治区区域地质志. 北京:地质出版社,1990.1～468[Geology and Mineral Resources of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Regional geology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1990. 1～468]
[9]	宁夏区测队中卫幅报告编写组. 青铜峡─中卫一带新近纪地层. 宁夏地质,1977, (6):48～50[Writing group of Zhongwei geological map illustration, Ningxia Regional Geological Surveying Team. The late Tertiary stratigraphy in the area along Qingtongxia to Zhongwei. Ningxia Geology, 1977, (6): 48～50]
[10]	任利生,林伟凡. 中卫─同心断裂带西段晚第四纪以来的活动性. 地震,1993,13(1):64～67[Ren Lisheng, Lin Weifan. Activity of the western segment of the Zhongwei-Tongxin Fault Zone since late Quaternary period. Earthquake, 1993, 13(1): 64～67]
[11]	田勤俭,申旭辉,韦开波, 等. 中卫-同心断裂带构造演化阶段初步研究. 见:卢演俦,高维明,陈国星, 等主编. 新构造与环境. 北京:地震出版社,2001. 339～406[Tian Qinjian, Shen Xuhui, Wei Kaibo, et al. Preliminary research on tectonic evolution stages of Zhongwei-Tongxin fault zone. In: Lu Yanchou, Gao Weiming, Chen Guoxin, et al., eds. Neotectonics and environment. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2001. 399～406]
[12]	汪一鹏,宋方敏,李志义, 等.宁夏香山-天景山断裂带晚第四纪强震重复间隔的研究.中国地震,1990,6(2):15～24[Wang Yipeng, Song Fangmin, Li Zhiyi, et al. Study on recurrence internals of great earthquakes in the late Quaternary of Xiangshan-Tianjingshan Fault Zone in Ningxia. Earthquake Research in China, 1990, 6(2): 15～21]
[13]	阎满存,董光荣,李保生. 沙坡头地区黄河阶地发育与地貌演化. 中国沙漠,1997,17(4):369～376[Yan Mancun, Dong Guangrong, Li Baosheng. Terrace development of Yellow River and Geomorphic evolution in Shapotou area. Journal of Desert Research in China, 1997, 17(4): 369～376 ]
[14]	易明初. 新构造运动及渭延裂谷构造. 北京:地震出版社,1993. 84～85[Yi Minychu. Neotectonic movement and the Weiyan Rift. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1993. 84～85]
[15]	张秉良,蒋溥,方仲景. 香山-天景山断裂活动方式的微观特征研究. 地质力学学报,1996,2(3):85～86[Zhang Binliang, Jiang Bo, Fang Zhongjing. Micro-feature research on active style of the Xiangshan-Tianjingshan fault. Journal of Geomechanics, 1996, 2 (3): 85～86]
[16]	张加桂. 宁夏中卫-同心断裂带地震危险性评价. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,1996,7(3):40～44[Zheng Jiagui. Evaluation on seismic risk of Zhongwei-Tongxin Fault Zone, Ningxia. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 1996, 7(3): 40～44]
[17]	张维岐,焦德成,柴炽章. 宁夏香山─天景山弧形断裂带新活动特征及1709年中卫南7.5级地震形变带. 地震地质,1988,10(3):12～20[Zhang Weiqi, Jiao Decheng, Chai Zhizhang. Neotectonic features of the Xiangshan-Tiangjigshan arc fracture zone and the seismic deformation zone of 1709 south of Zhongwei M=7.5 earthquake seismology and geology. Seismology and Geology, 1988, 10(3): 12～20]
[18]	周俊喜,刘百篪. 中卫-同心活断层研究. 西北地震学报,1987,7(3):71～77[Zhou Junxi, Liu Beichi. Research on Zhongwei-Tongxin active fault. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 1987, 7(3): 71～77]
[19]	周特先,曹明志,王利. 宁夏新生代构造应力状态. 宁夏地质,1985,(28):27～48[Zhou Texian, Cao Mingzhi, Wan Li. The Cenozoic tectonic stress field in Ningxia. Ningxia Geology, 1985(28): 27～48]
[20]	周特先,王利,曹明志. 宁夏构造地貌格局及其形成与发展. 地理学报,1985,40(3):215～224[Zhou Texian, Wang Li, Cao Mingzhi. Morphotectonic patterns of Nignxia Hui Autonomous Region and the formation and evolution. Acta Geographic Sinica, 1985, 40(3): 215～224]
[21]	周特先,姚茂文,王利, 等. 宁夏构造地貌. 银川:宁夏人民出版社,1994. 1～113[Zhou Texian, Yao Maowen, Wang Li, et al. Tectonic landform in Ningxia. Yinchuan: Ningxia People's Press, 1994. 1～113]
[22]	朱海之,陈建英. 宁夏中卫古地震的若干特点. 见:中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会.中国活动断裂. 北京:地震出版社,1982. 282～290[Zhou Haizhi, Chen Jianying. Some characteristics of paleo-earthquakes in Zhongning County, Ningxia Autonomous. In: Committee on Seismogeology, the seismological society of China. The active faults in China. Beijing: Seismological Press,1982. 282～290 ]
[23]	Deng Q, Sung F, Zhu S, et al. Active Faulting and Tectonics of the Ningxia-Hui Autonomous Region China. J.G.R.,1984, 89(B6):4427～4445
[24]	Zhang P, Burchfiel B C, Molnar P, et al. Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Ningxia-Hui Autonomous Region, China. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1990, 102(11):1484～1498
[25]	王伴月,阎志强,陆彦俊, 等. 宁夏海原两个第三纪中期哺乳动物群的发现. 古脊椎动物学报,1994,32(4):285～296[Wang Banyue, Yan Zhiqiang, Lu Yanjun, et al. Discovery of two mid-Tertiary mammalian faunas from Haiyuan, Ningxia, China. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 1994, 32(4): 285～296 ]
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Depositional Features of the Zhongwei Basin, Ningxia, and Its Implications for Neotectonic Movements

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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