Assessing the Impact of Reclamation Activities on Recent Sedimentation in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong

PAN Shao ming; SHI Xiao dong; WANG Jian ye; PETER Tanner; LAI ShingLeong

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Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 2000 > 18(1): 22-28

PAN Shao ming, SHI Xiao dong, WANG Jian ye, PETER Tanner, LAI ShingLeong. Assessing the Impact of Reclamation Activities on Recent Sedimentation in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2000, 18(1): 22-28.

Citation:

Assessing the Impact of Reclamation Activities on Recent Sedimentation in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong

1.
State Pilot Laboratory of Coastal and Island Exploitation,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093

Received Date: 1999-04-19
Rev Recd Date: 1999-08-17
Publish Date: 2000-03-10

Abstract

The sediments that accumulate in an estuarine environment recorded the information about the history of changes in the source of the material, the rate of deposition and the influence of man. Man's influences on Victoria Harbour are significant. To create flat land and cope with the rapid development in Hong Kong, reclamation activities have taken place about every 10～20 years in Victoria Harbour began from a few decades ago. And to maintain the navigation channel, get fill material for reclamation, many dredging activities were carried out in the Harbour. These activities changed the coastline seaward and also complicated the recent sedimentation process in the Harbour. To study the extent and history of man's influence on the sediments and recent sedimentation process in the Harbour, four vibrocores were collected in three designated locations within Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong in 1996. Sampling locations were chosen from a range of settings where reclamation or construction is planned or taking place. Each of the cores was 76 mm in diameter and 6 m in length. The sediment type and colour were describe from visual and photographic observations and by matching Munsell^(R) Soil Color Charts. The ²¹⁰Pb activities for the sediments were determined by²¹⁰　　Pb method and ICP-AES was employed for the determination of Zn, Cu, while FAAS for that of Pb concentrations. Sedimentation rates in Victoria Harbour have been determined to be about 0.3～2 cm/a in open areas based on　210Pb dating and heavy metal distributions. This value can represent the natural sedimentation rates in the Harbour. Since reclamation activities have changed the coastline and affect the sedimentation process in the Harbour, sediments have been contributed by effluent discharge, materials lost from dredging and reclamation work. In some nearby enclosed coastal port and dumping areas, the rates were found to be somewhat higher in these areas, in the range 3～5 cm/a. This result, that the sedimentation rates are high in some places in the Harbour, is also in keeping with the more serious heavy metal pollution in these places and reflects man's influence on the Harbour. This means that changes in the coastline caused by reclamation may have a significant effect on siltation in the Harbour.
- Victoria Harbour,
- ²¹⁰Pb,
- sedimentation rate

References

[1]	Yim W W-S.Sustainable development of the waterfront in Hong Kong[A]. In： Recent advances in marine science and technology[R].James Cook University of North Queensland ,1995a.743～752
[2]	Pigott P. Kai Tak： A history of aviation in Hong Kong[R].1996. 103～104.
[3]	Chalmers M L.Preliminary assessment of sedimentation in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong[A].In： Yim W W S，ed. Geology of surficial deposits in Hong Kong[C]. Geological Society Hong Kong Bull., 1984，1：117～129
[4]	Flynn W W.The determination of low levels of Polonium-210 in environmental material[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1968,43：221～227
[5]	Tanner P A，Leong L S.Microwave vacuum drying of marine sediment： determination of moisture content, metals and total carbon[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1997,342：247～252.
[6]	潘少明，王雪瑜.Smith J N. 海南岛洋浦港现代沉积速率[J].沉积学报.1994，12：86～93
[7]	Hong Kong 1961[R].Hong Kong government press, 1962.64～67
[8]	Hong Kong 1964[R].Hong Kong government press, 1965. 48～49
[9]	Watker A F.Phillips Kai Tak nullah and kwun Tong typhoon shelter： Historical water quality problems and their improvement through redevelopment[R].In：Pollution in the Urban Environment, POLMET 88,Vol.2,pp.640～645.Vincent Blue Copy Co., Hong Kong,1988
[10]	Glenwright.Pollution secret under the sea[N]. South China Morning Post, April 14，1997
[11]	The Hong Kong Album, Urban Council[R].1982
[12]	Phillips R J.Kowloon- Canton Railway (British section) A history, Urban Council[R].1990.57～83
[13]	Bruland K W，et al.History of metal pollution in Southern California coastal zone[J]. Environ. Sci. & Technol., 1974，8：425～432
[14]	吴良基，范时清.珠江口外海区沉积物210Pb波动与沉积环境因子关系研究[J].热带海洋.1987, 6：1～9
[15]	David J H，Schubel J R.Recent geochemical history of flood deposits in the Northern Chesapeake Bay[J].Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science,1979, 9：771～784
[16]	Lo C K,Fung, Y S.Heavy metal pollution profiles of dated sediment cores from Hebe Haven, Hong Kong[J]. Wat. Res. ,1992,26：1 605～1 609.
[17]	Yu K N，et al. Determination of sedimentation rates in eastern sea areas of Hong Kong with gamma-ray spectrometry[J]. Nucl. Geophys.1995, 9：73～81
[18]	Yim W W-S.Hydrological information on Hong Kong waters obtained from the study of Holocene sediments[R]. In： Coastal infrastructure development in Hong Kong ： a review , Civil engineering office, Hong Kong government, 1995b. 97～113
[19]	罗章仁.香港填海造地及其影响分析[J].地理学报.1997, 52：220～227
[20]	Binnie,Partner. Hydraulic and water quality studies in Victoria Harbour, mathematical model report, part 2-calibration and validation report, Volume 9 the sediment transport model, territory development, Hong Kong[R].1989
[21]	Wong S H， Li Y S，Wong K K.Sedimentation in Deep Bay,Hong Kong Polytechnic Report[R].1987
[22]	陈耀泰，罗章仁.珠江口现代沉积速率及其反映的沉积特征[J] ，热带海洋，1991，10：57～64
[23]	Ip K L.Victoria Harbour, Western Harbour and North Lantau Waters. In：Coastal Infrastructure Development in Hong Kong[R].Civil Engineering Office, Civil Engineering Department , Hong Kong Government.,1996.33～66

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1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Assessing the Impact of Reclamation Activities on Recent Sedimentation in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong

1. State Pilot Laboratory of Coastal and Island Exploitation,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093

Received Date: 1999-04-19

Rev Recd Date: 1999-08-17

Publish Date: 2000-03-10

Key words:

Abstract: The sediments that accumulate in an estuarine environment recorded the information about the history of changes in the source of the material, the rate of deposition and the influence of man. Man's influences on Victoria Harbour are significant. To create flat land and cope with the rapid development in Hong Kong, reclamation activities have taken place about every 10～20 years in Victoria Harbour began from a few decades ago. And to maintain the navigation channel, get fill material for reclamation, many dredging activities were carried out in the Harbour. These activities changed the coastline seaward and also complicated the recent sedimentation process in the Harbour. To study the extent and history of man's influence on the sediments and recent sedimentation process in the Harbour, four vibrocores were collected in three designated locations within Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong in 1996. Sampling locations were chosen from a range of settings where reclamation or construction is planned or taking place. Each of the cores was 76 mm in diameter and 6 m in length. The sediment type and colour were describe from visual and photographic observations and by matching Munsell^(R) Soil Color Charts. The ²¹⁰Pb activities for the sediments were determined by²¹⁰　　Pb method and ICP-AES was employed for the determination of Zn, Cu, while FAAS for that of Pb concentrations. Sedimentation rates in Victoria Harbour have been determined to be about 0.3～2 cm/a in open areas based on　210Pb dating and heavy metal distributions. This value can represent the natural sedimentation rates in the Harbour. Since reclamation activities have changed the coastline and affect the sedimentation process in the Harbour, sediments have been contributed by effluent discharge, materials lost from dredging and reclamation work. In some nearby enclosed coastal port and dumping areas, the rates were found to be somewhat higher in these areas, in the range 3～5 cm/a. This result, that the sedimentation rates are high in some places in the Harbour, is also in keeping with the more serious heavy metal pollution in these places and reflects man's influence on the Harbour. This means that changes in the coastline caused by reclamation may have a significant effect on siltation in the Harbour.

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Reference (23)

[1]	Yim W W-S.Sustainable development of the waterfront in Hong Kong[A]. In： Recent advances in marine science and technology[R].James Cook University of North Queensland ,1995a.743～752
[2]	Pigott P. Kai Tak： A history of aviation in Hong Kong[R].1996. 103～104.
[3]	Chalmers M L.Preliminary assessment of sedimentation in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong[A].In： Yim W W S，ed. Geology of surficial deposits in Hong Kong[C]. Geological Society Hong Kong Bull., 1984，1：117～129
[4]	Flynn W W.The determination of low levels of Polonium-210 in environmental material[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1968,43：221～227
[5]	Tanner P A，Leong L S.Microwave vacuum drying of marine sediment： determination of moisture content, metals and total carbon[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1997,342：247～252.
[6]	潘少明，王雪瑜.Smith J N. 海南岛洋浦港现代沉积速率[J].沉积学报.1994，12：86～93
[7]	Hong Kong 1961[R].Hong Kong government press, 1962.64～67
[8]	Hong Kong 1964[R].Hong Kong government press, 1965. 48～49
[9]	Watker A F.Phillips Kai Tak nullah and kwun Tong typhoon shelter： Historical water quality problems and their improvement through redevelopment[R].In：Pollution in the Urban Environment, POLMET 88,Vol.2,pp.640～645.Vincent Blue Copy Co., Hong Kong,1988
[10]	Glenwright.Pollution secret under the sea[N]. South China Morning Post, April 14，1997
[11]	The Hong Kong Album, Urban Council[R].1982
[12]	Phillips R J.Kowloon- Canton Railway (British section) A history, Urban Council[R].1990.57～83
[13]	Bruland K W，et al.History of metal pollution in Southern California coastal zone[J]. Environ. Sci. & Technol., 1974，8：425～432
[14]	吴良基，范时清.珠江口外海区沉积物210Pb波动与沉积环境因子关系研究[J].热带海洋.1987, 6：1～9
[15]	David J H，Schubel J R.Recent geochemical history of flood deposits in the Northern Chesapeake Bay[J].Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science,1979, 9：771～784
[16]	Lo C K,Fung, Y S.Heavy metal pollution profiles of dated sediment cores from Hebe Haven, Hong Kong[J]. Wat. Res. ,1992,26：1 605～1 609.
[17]	Yu K N，et al. Determination of sedimentation rates in eastern sea areas of Hong Kong with gamma-ray spectrometry[J]. Nucl. Geophys.1995, 9：73～81
[18]	Yim W W-S.Hydrological information on Hong Kong waters obtained from the study of Holocene sediments[R]. In： Coastal infrastructure development in Hong Kong ： a review , Civil engineering office, Hong Kong government, 1995b. 97～113
[19]	罗章仁.香港填海造地及其影响分析[J].地理学报.1997, 52：220～227
[20]	Binnie,Partner. Hydraulic and water quality studies in Victoria Harbour, mathematical model report, part 2-calibration and validation report, Volume 9 the sediment transport model, territory development, Hong Kong[R].1989
[21]	Wong S H， Li Y S，Wong K K.Sedimentation in Deep Bay,Hong Kong Polytechnic Report[R].1987
[22]	陈耀泰，罗章仁.珠江口现代沉积速率及其反映的沉积特征[J] ，热带海洋，1991，10：57～64
[23]	Ip K L.Victoria Harbour, Western Harbour and North Lantau Waters. In：Coastal Infrastructure Development in Hong Kong[R].Civil Engineering Office, Civil Engineering Department , Hong Kong Government.,1996.33～66

Assessing the Impact of Reclamation Activities on Recent Sedimentation in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong

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