Fossil Preservation and Palaeoecological Research in Early Cambrian Black Shale

YANG Rui dong; ZHANG Wei hua; JIANG Li jun; GAO Hui

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Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 2004 > 22(4): 664-671

YANG Rui dong, ZHANG Wei hua, JIANG Li jun, GAO Hui, . Fossil Preservation and Palaeoecological Research in Early Cambrian Black Shale[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2004, 22(4): 664-671.

Citation:

YANG Rui dong, ZHANG Wei hua, JIANG Li jun, GAO Hui, . Fossil Preservation and Palaeoecological Research in Early Cambrian Black Shale[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2004, 22(4): 664-671.

Fossil Preservation and Palaeoecological Research in Early Cambrian Black Shale

Guizhou University of Technology, Guiyang 550003

Received Date: 2003-10-13
Rev Recd Date: 2003-12-01
Publish Date: 2004-12-10

Abstract

Few fossils were found previously in early Early Cambrian black shale, such as sponges. With the deepening of the research, many phyla have been discovered recently. A lot of carbon fossils were found in early Early Cambrian black shale of Guizhou Province, south China, and they are simple trace fossils, carbon Phyllocarida, complete sponges, Platysolenites, Bivalvia, carbon Hyolitha, "Worm", bryozoa like animal fossil and membrane discus fossils. Mineral composition of the black shale in the base Cambrian, Kaiyang County, Guizhou, China was analyzed by XRD analyses, according to the change of mineral composition of black shale and geochemical character in Kaiyang section, authors suggest that a prosperous period of large animal between small shell animal and the Chengjiang fauna was present, this animal assemblage disappear as crustal expansion, mass submarine hydrothermal event and volcanic eruption, the early Early Cambrian seawater changed from the weak alkalinity to weak acidity, animal did not live at the weak acidity, so large animals between small shell animal and the Chengjiang fauna disappeared. With the recovering of weak alkalinity of the seawater, a prosperous period of animal, the Chengjiang fauna was present.
- fossil,
- black shale,
- early Early Cambrian,
- Guizhou Province

References

[1]	钱逸, 尹恭正. 贵州早寒武世早期小壳动物化石的研究. 见:地层古生物论文集(13). 北京:地质出版社, 1984. 91～123[Qian Yi, Yin Gongzheng. Small shelly fossils from the Lowerest Cambrian in Guizhou. Bulletin of Stratigraphy and Paleonotology(13). Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1984.91～123]
[2]	钱逸, 陈孟莪, 何廷贵, 等. 中国小壳化石分类学与生物地层学. 北京:科学出版社, 2000. 1～247[Qian Yi,et al. Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of small shelly fossils in China. Beijing: Science Press.1999.1～247]
[3]	蒋志文."寒武纪爆发"与澄江动物群. 云南地质, 1999, 19(2):111～120[Jiang Zhiwen. The relationship between the Cambrian explosion and the Chengjiang fauna. Yunnan Geology,1999,19(2):111～120]
[4]	杨瑞东, 陈孟莪, 赵元龙. 黔中寒武系底部生物化石新发现. 自然科学进展, 2002, 12:208～211[Yang Ruidong, Chen Meng'e, Zhao Yuanlong. New discovery of bio-fossils at the bottom of the Cambrian of central Guizhou. Progress in Natural Science,2002,12(2):226～229]
[5]	赵元龙, Michael Steiner, 杨瑞东, 等. 贵州遵义下寒武统牛蹄塘组早期后生生物群的发现及重要意义. 古生物学报, 1999, 38(增刊):132～14[Zhao Yuanlong, Michael Steiner, Yang Ruidong, et al. Discovery and significance of the Early metazoan biotas from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation Zunyi, Guizhou, China. Acta Palaeonotologica Sinica,1999,38(sup):132～144]
[6]	杨瑞东, 赵元龙, 郭庆军. 贵州早寒武世早期黑色页岩中藻类化石及古环境意义. 古生物学报, 1999, 38(增刊): 145～156[Yang Ruidong, Zhao Yuanlong, Guo Qingjun. Algae and acritarchs and their paleoceanographic significance from the early Early Cambrian black shale in Guizhou, China. Acta Palaeonotologica Sinica, 1999,38(Suup):145～156]
[7]	陈均远, 周桂琴, 朱茂炎, 叶贵玉. 澄江动物群. 台湾: "国立自然博物馆", 1995. 1～150[Chen Junyuan, Zhou Guiqin, Zhu Maoyan, Ye Guiyu.The Chengjiang Fauna. Chinese Taipei:"Taiwa Nature and Science Museum",1995.1～150]
[8]	侯先光, Jan Bergstrom, 王海峰, 等. 澄江动物群-5.3亿年前的海洋动物. 昆明: 云南科技出版社, 1999. 1～165[Hou Xianguang, Jan Bergstrom, Wang Haifeng, et al. The Chengjiang fauna-exceptionally well-preserved animals from 530 million years ago. Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press,1999.1～165]
[9]	罗惠麟, 胡世学, 陈忠良, 等. 昆明地区早寒武世澄江动物群. 昆明:云南科技出版社, 1999. 1～120[Luo Huilin, Hu Shixue, Chen Zhongliang, et al. The Early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna in Kunming. Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press,1999.1～120]
[10]	杨瑞东, 张位华, 姜立君, 高慧. 澄江动物群重要分子在贵州遵义牛蹄塘组发现. 地质学报, 2003, 77(2): 145～150[Yang Ruidong, Zhang Weihua, Jiang Lijun, Gao Hui. Members of the Chengjiang biota from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, Zunyi County, Guizhou Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica,2003,77(2):145～150]
[11]	杨瑞东, 赵元龙. 我国早期后生动物群的特异埋藏机理探讨. 沉积学报, 1999, 15(1):161～165[Yang Ruidong, Zhao Yuanlong. Primary study on exceptionally well-preserved process of metazoan biota in China. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,15(1):161～165]
[12]	杨瑞东, 赵元龙, 毛家仁, 等. 贵州台江中寒武世凯里生物群古生态研究. 沉积学报, 2002, 10(1): 129～134[Yang Ruidong, Zhao Yuanlong, Mao Jiaren,et al. Palaeoecology of the Kaili biota from Middle Cambrian in Taijiang County, Guizhou Province, China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,10(1):129～134]
[13]	Hart S R, Blusztajn J. Clams as recorders of ocean ridge volcanism and hydrothermal vent field activity. Science, 1998, 280: 883～886
[14]	Haymon R M, Koski R A, Sinclair C. Fossils of hydrothermal vent worms from Cretaceous sulfide ores of the Samail Ophiolite, Oman. Nature, 1984, 223: 1407～1409
[15]	Little C T S, Herrington R J, Maslennikov V V, et al. Silorian hydrothermal-vent community from the southern Urals, Russia. Nature, 1997, 385:146～148
[16]	杨瑞东, 毛家仁, 赵元龙, 等. 贵州中寒武世凯里组中分枝状宏观藻类化石. 地质学报, 2001, 75(4): 433～340[Yang Ruidong, Mao Jiaren, Zhao Yuanlong,et al. Branching macroalgalfossils of the Early-Midde Cambrian Kaili Formation from Taijiang, Guizhou Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica,2001,75(4):433～340]
[17]	Runnegar B. Evolution of the earliest animals. In: Schopf J W ed. Major events in the history of life. Cambridge University Press, 1992. 65～93
[18]	Yuan Xunlai, Xiao Shuhai, Parsley Ronald L, et al. Towering sponges in an Early Cambrian Lagerstatte: Disparity between nonbilaterian and bilaterian epifaunal tierers at the Neoproterozoic- Cambrian transition. Geology, 2002, 30: 363～366
[19]	Grassle J F. Hydrothermal vent animal: distribution and biology. Science, 1985, 229:713～717
[20]	McIlroy D, Green O R, Brasier M D. Palaeobiology and evolution of the earliest agglutinated Foraminifera: Platysolenites, Spirosolenites and related forms. Lethaia, 2001, 34:13～29
[21]	孙省利, 曾允孚. 西成矿化集中区热水沉积岩物质来源的同位素示踪及其意义. 沉积学报, 2002, 20(1): 41～46[Sun Shengli,Zeng Yunfeng. Isotopic traces of material origin for hydrothermal sedimentary rocks and significance in Xicheng mineralization area. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(1):41～46]
[22]	任明达, 王乃梁. 现代沉积环境概论. 北京:科学出版社, 1985. 1～231[Ren Mingda, Wang Nailiang. A conception of modern sedimentary environment. Beijing: Science Press,1985.1～23]
[23]	Melezhik V A, Gorokhov I M, Kuznetsov A B, Fallick A E. Chemostratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic carbonates: implications for 'blind dating'. Terra Nova, 2001, 13:1～11
[24]	Melezhik V A, Gorokhov I M, Fallick A E, Roberts D, et al. Isotopic shtratigraphy suggests Neoproterozoic ages and Laurentian ancestry for high-grade marbles from the North-Central Norwegian Caledonides. Geology Magazine, 2002, 139(4): 375～393
[25]	Kouchinshy A, Bengtson S, Missarzhevsky V B, et al. Carbon isotope stratigraphy and the problem of a Pre-Tommotian Stage in Siberia. Geology Magazine, 2001, 138(4):387～396
[26]	Walter M R, Veevers J J, Calver C R, Gorjan P and Hill A C. Dating the 840-544 Ma Neoproterozoic interval by isotopes of strontium, carbon, and sulfur in seawater, and some interpretative models. Precambrian Research, 2000, 100: 371～433
[27]	于炳松, 陈建强, 李兴武, 林畅松. 塔里木盆地下寒武统底部黑色页岩地球化学及其岩石圈演化意义. 中国科学(D), 2002, 32(5): 374～382[Yu Binsong, Chen Jianqiang, Li Xingwu, Lin Changsong. Geochemical character of the Lower Cambrian black shale in Tarim basin: implications for the evolution of lithosphere, Science in China(D),2002,32(5):374～382]
[28]	Corsetti F A, Hagadorn J W. Precambrian-Cambrian transition: Death Valley, United States. Geology, 2000,28(4): 299 ～302
[29]	Shen Y, Schidlowski M. New C isotope stratigraphy from southwest China: Implications for the placement of the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary on the Yangtze Platform and global correlations. Geology, 2000, 28(7): 623～626

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Fossil Preservation and Palaeoecological Research in Early Cambrian Black Shale

Guizhou University of Technology, Guiyang 550003

Received Date: 2003-10-13

Rev Recd Date: 2003-12-01

Publish Date: 2004-12-10

Key words:

Abstract: Few fossils were found previously in early Early Cambrian black shale, such as sponges. With the deepening of the research, many phyla have been discovered recently. A lot of carbon fossils were found in early Early Cambrian black shale of Guizhou Province, south China, and they are simple trace fossils, carbon Phyllocarida, complete sponges, Platysolenites, Bivalvia, carbon Hyolitha, "Worm", bryozoa like animal fossil and membrane discus fossils. Mineral composition of the black shale in the base Cambrian, Kaiyang County, Guizhou, China was analyzed by XRD analyses, according to the change of mineral composition of black shale and geochemical character in Kaiyang section, authors suggest that a prosperous period of large animal between small shell animal and the Chengjiang fauna was present, this animal assemblage disappear as crustal expansion, mass submarine hydrothermal event and volcanic eruption, the early Early Cambrian seawater changed from the weak alkalinity to weak acidity, animal did not live at the weak acidity, so large animals between small shell animal and the Chengjiang fauna disappeared. With the recovering of weak alkalinity of the seawater, a prosperous period of animal, the Chengjiang fauna was present.

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Reference (29)

[1]	钱逸, 尹恭正. 贵州早寒武世早期小壳动物化石的研究. 见:地层古生物论文集(13). 北京:地质出版社, 1984. 91～123[Qian Yi, Yin Gongzheng. Small shelly fossils from the Lowerest Cambrian in Guizhou. Bulletin of Stratigraphy and Paleonotology(13). Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1984.91～123]
[2]	钱逸, 陈孟莪, 何廷贵, 等. 中国小壳化石分类学与生物地层学. 北京:科学出版社, 2000. 1～247[Qian Yi,et al. Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of small shelly fossils in China. Beijing: Science Press.1999.1～247]
[3]	蒋志文."寒武纪爆发"与澄江动物群. 云南地质, 1999, 19(2):111～120[Jiang Zhiwen. The relationship between the Cambrian explosion and the Chengjiang fauna. Yunnan Geology,1999,19(2):111～120]
[4]	杨瑞东, 陈孟莪, 赵元龙. 黔中寒武系底部生物化石新发现. 自然科学进展, 2002, 12:208～211[Yang Ruidong, Chen Meng'e, Zhao Yuanlong. New discovery of bio-fossils at the bottom of the Cambrian of central Guizhou. Progress in Natural Science,2002,12(2):226～229]
[5]	赵元龙, Michael Steiner, 杨瑞东, 等. 贵州遵义下寒武统牛蹄塘组早期后生生物群的发现及重要意义. 古生物学报, 1999, 38(增刊):132～14[Zhao Yuanlong, Michael Steiner, Yang Ruidong, et al. Discovery and significance of the Early metazoan biotas from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation Zunyi, Guizhou, China. Acta Palaeonotologica Sinica,1999,38(sup):132～144]
[6]	杨瑞东, 赵元龙, 郭庆军. 贵州早寒武世早期黑色页岩中藻类化石及古环境意义. 古生物学报, 1999, 38(增刊): 145～156[Yang Ruidong, Zhao Yuanlong, Guo Qingjun. Algae and acritarchs and their paleoceanographic significance from the early Early Cambrian black shale in Guizhou, China. Acta Palaeonotologica Sinica, 1999,38(Suup):145～156]
[7]	陈均远, 周桂琴, 朱茂炎, 叶贵玉. 澄江动物群. 台湾: "国立自然博物馆", 1995. 1～150[Chen Junyuan, Zhou Guiqin, Zhu Maoyan, Ye Guiyu.The Chengjiang Fauna. Chinese Taipei:"Taiwa Nature and Science Museum",1995.1～150]
[8]	侯先光, Jan Bergstrom, 王海峰, 等. 澄江动物群-5.3亿年前的海洋动物. 昆明: 云南科技出版社, 1999. 1～165[Hou Xianguang, Jan Bergstrom, Wang Haifeng, et al. The Chengjiang fauna-exceptionally well-preserved animals from 530 million years ago. Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press,1999.1～165]
[9]	罗惠麟, 胡世学, 陈忠良, 等. 昆明地区早寒武世澄江动物群. 昆明:云南科技出版社, 1999. 1～120[Luo Huilin, Hu Shixue, Chen Zhongliang, et al. The Early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna in Kunming. Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press,1999.1～120]
[10]	杨瑞东, 张位华, 姜立君, 高慧. 澄江动物群重要分子在贵州遵义牛蹄塘组发现. 地质学报, 2003, 77(2): 145～150[Yang Ruidong, Zhang Weihua, Jiang Lijun, Gao Hui. Members of the Chengjiang biota from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, Zunyi County, Guizhou Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica,2003,77(2):145～150]
[11]	杨瑞东, 赵元龙. 我国早期后生动物群的特异埋藏机理探讨. 沉积学报, 1999, 15(1):161～165[Yang Ruidong, Zhao Yuanlong. Primary study on exceptionally well-preserved process of metazoan biota in China. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,15(1):161～165]
[12]	杨瑞东, 赵元龙, 毛家仁, 等. 贵州台江中寒武世凯里生物群古生态研究. 沉积学报, 2002, 10(1): 129～134[Yang Ruidong, Zhao Yuanlong, Mao Jiaren,et al. Palaeoecology of the Kaili biota from Middle Cambrian in Taijiang County, Guizhou Province, China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,10(1):129～134]
[13]	Hart S R, Blusztajn J. Clams as recorders of ocean ridge volcanism and hydrothermal vent field activity. Science, 1998, 280: 883～886
[14]	Haymon R M, Koski R A, Sinclair C. Fossils of hydrothermal vent worms from Cretaceous sulfide ores of the Samail Ophiolite, Oman. Nature, 1984, 223: 1407～1409
[15]	Little C T S, Herrington R J, Maslennikov V V, et al. Silorian hydrothermal-vent community from the southern Urals, Russia. Nature, 1997, 385:146～148
[16]	杨瑞东, 毛家仁, 赵元龙, 等. 贵州中寒武世凯里组中分枝状宏观藻类化石. 地质学报, 2001, 75(4): 433～340[Yang Ruidong, Mao Jiaren, Zhao Yuanlong,et al. Branching macroalgalfossils of the Early-Midde Cambrian Kaili Formation from Taijiang, Guizhou Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica,2001,75(4):433～340]
[17]	Runnegar B. Evolution of the earliest animals. In: Schopf J W ed. Major events in the history of life. Cambridge University Press, 1992. 65～93
[18]	Yuan Xunlai, Xiao Shuhai, Parsley Ronald L, et al. Towering sponges in an Early Cambrian Lagerstatte: Disparity between nonbilaterian and bilaterian epifaunal tierers at the Neoproterozoic- Cambrian transition. Geology, 2002, 30: 363～366
[19]	Grassle J F. Hydrothermal vent animal: distribution and biology. Science, 1985, 229:713～717
[20]	McIlroy D, Green O R, Brasier M D. Palaeobiology and evolution of the earliest agglutinated Foraminifera: Platysolenites, Spirosolenites and related forms. Lethaia, 2001, 34:13～29
[21]	孙省利, 曾允孚. 西成矿化集中区热水沉积岩物质来源的同位素示踪及其意义. 沉积学报, 2002, 20(1): 41～46[Sun Shengli,Zeng Yunfeng. Isotopic traces of material origin for hydrothermal sedimentary rocks and significance in Xicheng mineralization area. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(1):41～46]
[22]	任明达, 王乃梁. 现代沉积环境概论. 北京:科学出版社, 1985. 1～231[Ren Mingda, Wang Nailiang. A conception of modern sedimentary environment. Beijing: Science Press,1985.1～23]
[23]	Melezhik V A, Gorokhov I M, Kuznetsov A B, Fallick A E. Chemostratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic carbonates: implications for 'blind dating'. Terra Nova, 2001, 13:1～11
[24]	Melezhik V A, Gorokhov I M, Fallick A E, Roberts D, et al. Isotopic shtratigraphy suggests Neoproterozoic ages and Laurentian ancestry for high-grade marbles from the North-Central Norwegian Caledonides. Geology Magazine, 2002, 139(4): 375～393
[25]	Kouchinshy A, Bengtson S, Missarzhevsky V B, et al. Carbon isotope stratigraphy and the problem of a Pre-Tommotian Stage in Siberia. Geology Magazine, 2001, 138(4):387～396
[26]	Walter M R, Veevers J J, Calver C R, Gorjan P and Hill A C. Dating the 840-544 Ma Neoproterozoic interval by isotopes of strontium, carbon, and sulfur in seawater, and some interpretative models. Precambrian Research, 2000, 100: 371～433
[27]	于炳松, 陈建强, 李兴武, 林畅松. 塔里木盆地下寒武统底部黑色页岩地球化学及其岩石圈演化意义. 中国科学(D), 2002, 32(5): 374～382[Yu Binsong, Chen Jianqiang, Li Xingwu, Lin Changsong. Geochemical character of the Lower Cambrian black shale in Tarim basin: implications for the evolution of lithosphere, Science in China(D),2002,32(5):374～382]
[28]	Corsetti F A, Hagadorn J W. Precambrian-Cambrian transition: Death Valley, United States. Geology, 2000,28(4): 299 ～302
[29]	Shen Y, Schidlowski M. New C isotope stratigraphy from southwest China: Implications for the placement of the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary on the Yangtze Platform and global correlations. Geology, 2000, 28(7): 623～626

Fossil Preservation and Palaeoecological Research in Early Cambrian Black Shale

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