The Fan Delta in the Altun Slope Boundedby the Altun Rift System in the Qaidam Basin

GAO Jian-bo; ZHONG Jian-hua; XU Xiao-lin; WEN Zhi-feng; HUANG Li-gong; LIU Yun-tian; JIANG Bo

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Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 2004 > 22(2): 206-215

GAO Jian-bo, ZHONG Jian-hua, XU Xiao-lin, WEN Zhi-feng, HUANG Li-gong, LIU Yun-tian, JIANG Bo. The Fan Delta in the Altun Slope Boundedby the Altun Rift System in the Qaidam Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2004, 22(2): 206-215.

Citation:

The Fan Delta in the Altun Slope Boundedby the Altun Rift System in the Qaidam Basin

1.
Research Institute of Basic Geology of Oil and Gas,Earth Resource and Information College, Petroleum University of China,DongyingShandong 257061;
2.
Guangzhou Geochemical Research Institute of CAS,Guangzhou 510640;
3.
Qinghai Oil Field Company,CNPC,Dunhuang Gansu 736202

Received Date: 2003-06-19
Rev Recd Date: 2003-09-26
Publish Date: 2004-06-10

Abstract

The Altun rift system, located in the western Qaidam Basin, is a key large-scale thrusting-sliding rift system, by which, the two great basins—Qaidam and Tarim are separated. The fan-delta, which is themain subject in this paper, is well developed in theTertiarystratum of the western Altun slope, next to the referredrift system above, that is in thenorth boundary of thewestern Qaidam Basin. With the help of the analyses of thetectonic dynamical evolution in Cenozoic era, thesupplying speed of thesediments, the augmentof the accommodation, thequalities of thebasin boundary, the distance between the source area and thebasin, as well as thedelicate description of theoutcrops and the discussion of their sedimentary characters, it is believed that, two kinds of sequenceseries are developed in thestudy area,i.e. the retrograded fan deltas and the prograded one. According to the studies above, two sedimentary models of thefan deltas have been illustrated considering the differences of the tectonic dynamicssettings. From our study, it is clear that, thecombination of the generating rocks, the reservoirsand the caprocks in thewestern parts of theAltun slope is fairly ideal. Thegyttjadark mudstones, distributed in theupside of the low-Gan Chaigou Group, are theprimary hydrocarbon source rocks; and thesand bodies of the subaquaticdistributary channels, the bars in the prograded fan delta and the braided channels in retrograded one can offer a good space for thepreserving and pooling of oil, and therefore, it is themost important object for theoil exploration in this area. The study of theTertiarfan deltas in the western Altun slope can offer a solid scientific base for the further study of thegeneration of theAltun Orogen.
- fan delta,
- Tertiary era,
- Altun slope,
- Qaidam basin,
- the retrograded fan deltas and the prograded one,
- reservoirs and caprocks

References

[1]	Young K Sohn. Depositional processes of submarine debris flows in the Miocene fan deltas , Pohang Basin . SE Korea with special reference to flow transformation. Journal of Sedimentary Research , 2000, 70(3):491～503
[2]	Christo Pimpirev, Gustavo Sarmiento. Submarine fan and channel levee deposits in the Lower Cretaceous Bogota trough , Colombian Andes. Sedimentary Geology, 1993, 86:229～246
[3]	George Gorrell, John Shaw. Deposition in an esker , bead and fan complex , Lanark ,Ontario ,Canada. Sedimentary Geology, 1991, 72:285～314
[4]	Kim J W , Chough S K. A gravel lobe deposit in the prodelta of the Doumsan fan delta (Miocene) , SE Korea. Sedimentary Geology, 2000, 72:285～314
[5]	Dorrik A V Stow, Neil E Braakenburg, et al. The Pissouri Basin fan-delta complex , southwesten Cyprus. Sedimentary Geology , 1995, 98:245～262
[6]	Yan Hou . The alluvial fan,fan-delta and sublacustrine fan of Paleogene age within Liaohe Rift , Liaoning Province ,China. Sedimentary Geology, 1990, 68:75～85
[7]	John R Dickie, Frances J Hein. Conglomeratic fan deltas and submarine fans of the Jurassic Laberge Group , Whitehorse Trough , Yukon Territory , Canada: fore-arc sedimentation and unroofing of a volcanic island arc complex. Sedimentary Geology , 1995, 98:263～292
[8]	Van der Wateren F M. Progalcial subaquatic outwash fan and delta sediments in push moraine-indicators of subglacial meltwater activity. Sedimentary Geology ,1994, 91:145～172
[9]	Brian K Horton , James G Schmitt. Sedimentology of a lacustrine fan delta system , Miocene Horse Camp Formation , Nevada , USA. Sedimentology , 1996 , 43 :133～155
[10]	Peter D Falk, Rebecca J Dorsey. Rapid development of gravelly high-density turbidity currents in marine Gilbert-type fan deltas , Loreto Basin , Baja California Sur , Mexico. Sedimentology , 1998 , 453:331～349
[11]	刘永江,葛肖虹,叶慧文, 等. 晚中生代以来阿尔金断裂的走滑模式. 地球学报,2001,20(1):23～28 [ Liu Yongjiang,Ge Xiaohong,Ye Huiwen,et al.Strike-slip model for Altyn Tagh fault developed since Late Mesozoic. Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2001,20(1):23～28 ]
[12]	吴崇筠,薛叔浩. 中国含油气盆地沉积学. 北京:石油工业出版社, 1993 [Wu Chongyun,Xue Shuhao. Petroliferous Basin Sedimentology. Beijing :Petroleum Industry Publishing House, 1993 ]
[13]	冯增昭,王英华. 中国沉积学. 北京:石油工业出版社,1994 [Feng Zengzhao,Wang Yinghua. Sedimentology of China. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Publishing House,1994 ]
[14]	付国民,鲁新便,苏建平, 等. 柴达木盆地干柴沟地区沉积及含油气性. 新疆石油地质,2002,22(6):489～492 [Fu Guomin,Lu Xinbian,Su Jianping,et al. The fan-delta sedimentary system and oil and gas characteristics of Tertiary in Ganchaigou Area of Qaidam Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2001,22(6):489～492 ]
[15]	张文朝,崔周旗,董艳蕾. 等. 阿南油田阿四段河口水下扇砂体储层沉积相及含油性. 西安石油学院学报,1998,13 (6):[Zhang Wenchao, Chui Zhouqi,Dong Yanlei,et al. Sedimentary facies and oil-bearing feature of river mouth subaqueous fan sandbody reservoir of A-member in A'nan Oil Field. Journal of Xi'an Petroleum .Institute,1998,13(5)?:1～6 ]
[16]	杨国安,魏红红,张佳琪, 等. 板桥油田板二油组扇三角洲沉积与油气关系. 西北大学学报,1999,29(3):233～236 [Yang Guo'an,Wei Honghong,Zhang Jiaqi,et al. The relationship between fan delta deposition and gas-oil in Ban 2 formation of Banqiao Oilfield. Journal of Northwest University,1999,29(3):233～236 ]
[17]	武法东,陈永进,李寅. 河北滦平盆地构造演化及对扇三角洲发育的控制作用. 现代地质,2000,14(2):179～184 [Wu Fadong, Chen Yongjin,Li Yin. Tectonic evolutions and their control on development of fan-deltic depositional system in the Luanping Basin. Geoscience,2000,14(2):179～184 ]
[18]	焦养泉,周海民,庄新国, 等. 扇三角洲沉积体系及其与油气聚集关系. 沉积学报,1998,16(1):70～75 [Jiao Yangquan,Zhou Haimin,Zhuang Xinguo,et al. Fan deltaic depositional system and their relationship to oil and gas accumulation. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1998,16(1):70～75 ]
[19]	李文厚. 塔西南坳陷侏罗系的扇三角洲沉积. 沉积学报, 1998, 16(2):150～153 [ Li Wenhou. Fan delta deposits in Jurassic in the depression of the SW Tarim Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1998,16(2):150～153 ]
[20]	张文朝,赵岩. 吐哈盆地扇三角洲沉积特征及油气意义. 新疆石油地质,1998,19(4):303～307 [ Zhang Wenchao,Zhao Yan. Sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon-bearing significance of fan delta in Turpan-Hami Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1998,19(4):303～307 ]
[21]	王良忱,张金亮.沉积环境和沉积相.北京:石油工业出版社,1996[Wang Liangzhen,Zhang Jinliang. Sedimentary environment and sedmentary facies. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Publishing House,1996]
[22]	刘宝珺,曾允孚主编. 岩相古地理基础和工作方法. 北京:地质出版社,1985 [ Liu Baojun, Zeng Yunfu, ed. Elements in lithopalaeogeolography and its working methods. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1985 ]
[23]	冯增昭主编. 沉积岩石学(第二版). 北京:石油工业出版社,1994 [ Feng Zengzhao, ed. Sedimentary petrology(2nd edition). Beijing: Petroleum Industry Publishing House,1994 ]
[24]	范连顺,王明儒. 柴达木盆地西部茫崖坳陷含油气系统及勘探方向. 石油实验地质,1999,21(6):41～47 [ Fan Liansun,Wang Mingru. Oil-bearing systern and the preferential direction for prospecting in Mangya Depression of the western Qaidam Basin. Experimental petroleum geology,1999, 21(6):41～47 ]
[25]	薛良清,Galloway W E. 扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲与三角洲体系的分类. 地质学报 ,1 991 ,65(2 ):1 41～1 52[ Xue Liangqin and Galloway W E. Fan Delta,Braid delta and the classification of delta systems. Acta Geologi Sinica,1991,(2):141～151 ]
[26]	国家地震局<阿尔金活动断裂带>课题组. 阿尔金活动断裂带. 北京:地震出版社,1992[ The Research Group on the Altun Active Fault Zone under State Seismological Bureau. The monograph the Altun Active Fault Zone. Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,1992 ]
[27]	许志琴,杨经绥,姜枚. 青藏高原北部碰撞造山及深部动力学. 地球学报,2001,20(1):5～10 [ Xu Zhiqin,Yang Jingsui,Jiang Mei. Collision Orogeny of the northern Qinhai-Tibet plateau and its deep dynamics. Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2001,20(1):5～10 ]

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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The Fan Delta in the Altun Slope Boundedby the Altun Rift System in the Qaidam Basin

1. Research Institute of Basic Geology of Oil and Gas,Earth Resource and Information College, Petroleum University of China,DongyingShandong 257061;

2. Guangzhou Geochemical Research Institute of CAS,Guangzhou 510640;

3. Qinghai Oil Field Company,CNPC,Dunhuang Gansu 736202

Received Date: 2003-06-19

Rev Recd Date: 2003-09-26

Publish Date: 2004-06-10

Key words:

fan delta /
Tertiary era /
Altun slope /
Qaidam basin /
the retrograded fan deltas and the prograded one /
reservoirs and caprocks

Abstract: The Altun rift system, located in the western Qaidam Basin, is a key large-scale thrusting-sliding rift system, by which, the two great basins—Qaidam and Tarim are separated. The fan-delta, which is themain subject in this paper, is well developed in theTertiarystratum of the western Altun slope, next to the referredrift system above, that is in thenorth boundary of thewestern Qaidam Basin. With the help of the analyses of thetectonic dynamical evolution in Cenozoic era, thesupplying speed of thesediments, the augmentof the accommodation, thequalities of thebasin boundary, the distance between the source area and thebasin, as well as thedelicate description of theoutcrops and the discussion of their sedimentary characters, it is believed that, two kinds of sequenceseries are developed in thestudy area,i.e. the retrograded fan deltas and the prograded one. According to the studies above, two sedimentary models of thefan deltas have been illustrated considering the differences of the tectonic dynamicssettings. From our study, it is clear that, thecombination of the generating rocks, the reservoirsand the caprocks in thewestern parts of theAltun slope is fairly ideal. Thegyttjadark mudstones, distributed in theupside of the low-Gan Chaigou Group, are theprimary hydrocarbon source rocks; and thesand bodies of the subaquaticdistributary channels, the bars in the prograded fan delta and the braided channels in retrograded one can offer a good space for thepreserving and pooling of oil, and therefore, it is themost important object for theoil exploration in this area. The study of theTertiarfan deltas in the western Altun slope can offer a solid scientific base for the further study of thegeneration of theAltun Orogen.

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Reference (27)

[1]	Young K Sohn. Depositional processes of submarine debris flows in the Miocene fan deltas , Pohang Basin . SE Korea with special reference to flow transformation. Journal of Sedimentary Research , 2000, 70(3):491～503
[2]	Christo Pimpirev, Gustavo Sarmiento. Submarine fan and channel levee deposits in the Lower Cretaceous Bogota trough , Colombian Andes. Sedimentary Geology, 1993, 86:229～246
[3]	George Gorrell, John Shaw. Deposition in an esker , bead and fan complex , Lanark ,Ontario ,Canada. Sedimentary Geology, 1991, 72:285～314
[4]	Kim J W , Chough S K. A gravel lobe deposit in the prodelta of the Doumsan fan delta (Miocene) , SE Korea. Sedimentary Geology, 2000, 72:285～314
[5]	Dorrik A V Stow, Neil E Braakenburg, et al. The Pissouri Basin fan-delta complex , southwesten Cyprus. Sedimentary Geology , 1995, 98:245～262
[6]	Yan Hou . The alluvial fan,fan-delta and sublacustrine fan of Paleogene age within Liaohe Rift , Liaoning Province ,China. Sedimentary Geology, 1990, 68:75～85
[7]	John R Dickie, Frances J Hein. Conglomeratic fan deltas and submarine fans of the Jurassic Laberge Group , Whitehorse Trough , Yukon Territory , Canada: fore-arc sedimentation and unroofing of a volcanic island arc complex. Sedimentary Geology , 1995, 98:263～292
[8]	Van der Wateren F M. Progalcial subaquatic outwash fan and delta sediments in push moraine-indicators of subglacial meltwater activity. Sedimentary Geology ,1994, 91:145～172
[9]	Brian K Horton , James G Schmitt. Sedimentology of a lacustrine fan delta system , Miocene Horse Camp Formation , Nevada , USA. Sedimentology , 1996 , 43 :133～155
[10]	Peter D Falk, Rebecca J Dorsey. Rapid development of gravelly high-density turbidity currents in marine Gilbert-type fan deltas , Loreto Basin , Baja California Sur , Mexico. Sedimentology , 1998 , 453:331～349
[11]	刘永江,葛肖虹,叶慧文, 等. 晚中生代以来阿尔金断裂的走滑模式. 地球学报,2001,20(1):23～28 [ Liu Yongjiang,Ge Xiaohong,Ye Huiwen,et al.Strike-slip model for Altyn Tagh fault developed since Late Mesozoic. Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2001,20(1):23～28 ]
[12]	吴崇筠,薛叔浩. 中国含油气盆地沉积学. 北京:石油工业出版社, 1993 [Wu Chongyun,Xue Shuhao. Petroliferous Basin Sedimentology. Beijing :Petroleum Industry Publishing House, 1993 ]
[13]	冯增昭,王英华. 中国沉积学. 北京:石油工业出版社,1994 [Feng Zengzhao,Wang Yinghua. Sedimentology of China. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Publishing House,1994 ]
[14]	付国民,鲁新便,苏建平, 等. 柴达木盆地干柴沟地区沉积及含油气性. 新疆石油地质,2002,22(6):489～492 [Fu Guomin,Lu Xinbian,Su Jianping,et al. The fan-delta sedimentary system and oil and gas characteristics of Tertiary in Ganchaigou Area of Qaidam Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2001,22(6):489～492 ]
[15]	张文朝,崔周旗,董艳蕾. 等. 阿南油田阿四段河口水下扇砂体储层沉积相及含油性. 西安石油学院学报,1998,13 (6):[Zhang Wenchao, Chui Zhouqi,Dong Yanlei,et al. Sedimentary facies and oil-bearing feature of river mouth subaqueous fan sandbody reservoir of A-member in A'nan Oil Field. Journal of Xi'an Petroleum .Institute,1998,13(5)?:1～6 ]
[16]	杨国安,魏红红,张佳琪, 等. 板桥油田板二油组扇三角洲沉积与油气关系. 西北大学学报,1999,29(3):233～236 [Yang Guo'an,Wei Honghong,Zhang Jiaqi,et al. The relationship between fan delta deposition and gas-oil in Ban 2 formation of Banqiao Oilfield. Journal of Northwest University,1999,29(3):233～236 ]
[17]	武法东,陈永进,李寅. 河北滦平盆地构造演化及对扇三角洲发育的控制作用. 现代地质,2000,14(2):179～184 [Wu Fadong, Chen Yongjin,Li Yin. Tectonic evolutions and their control on development of fan-deltic depositional system in the Luanping Basin. Geoscience,2000,14(2):179～184 ]
[18]	焦养泉,周海民,庄新国, 等. 扇三角洲沉积体系及其与油气聚集关系. 沉积学报,1998,16(1):70～75 [Jiao Yangquan,Zhou Haimin,Zhuang Xinguo,et al. Fan deltaic depositional system and their relationship to oil and gas accumulation. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1998,16(1):70～75 ]
[19]	李文厚. 塔西南坳陷侏罗系的扇三角洲沉积. 沉积学报, 1998, 16(2):150～153 [ Li Wenhou. Fan delta deposits in Jurassic in the depression of the SW Tarim Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1998,16(2):150～153 ]
[20]	张文朝,赵岩. 吐哈盆地扇三角洲沉积特征及油气意义. 新疆石油地质,1998,19(4):303～307 [ Zhang Wenchao,Zhao Yan. Sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon-bearing significance of fan delta in Turpan-Hami Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1998,19(4):303～307 ]
[21]	王良忱,张金亮.沉积环境和沉积相.北京:石油工业出版社,1996[Wang Liangzhen,Zhang Jinliang. Sedimentary environment and sedmentary facies. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Publishing House,1996]
[22]	刘宝珺,曾允孚主编. 岩相古地理基础和工作方法. 北京:地质出版社,1985 [ Liu Baojun, Zeng Yunfu, ed. Elements in lithopalaeogeolography and its working methods. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1985 ]
[23]	冯增昭主编. 沉积岩石学(第二版). 北京:石油工业出版社,1994 [ Feng Zengzhao, ed. Sedimentary petrology(2nd edition). Beijing: Petroleum Industry Publishing House,1994 ]
[24]	范连顺,王明儒. 柴达木盆地西部茫崖坳陷含油气系统及勘探方向. 石油实验地质,1999,21(6):41～47 [ Fan Liansun,Wang Mingru. Oil-bearing systern and the preferential direction for prospecting in Mangya Depression of the western Qaidam Basin. Experimental petroleum geology,1999, 21(6):41～47 ]
[25]	薛良清,Galloway W E. 扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲与三角洲体系的分类. 地质学报 ,1 991 ,65(2 ):1 41～1 52[ Xue Liangqin and Galloway W E. Fan Delta,Braid delta and the classification of delta systems. Acta Geologi Sinica,1991,(2):141～151 ]
[26]	国家地震局<阿尔金活动断裂带>课题组. 阿尔金活动断裂带. 北京:地震出版社,1992[ The Research Group on the Altun Active Fault Zone under State Seismological Bureau. The monograph the Altun Active Fault Zone. Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,1992 ]
[27]	许志琴,杨经绥,姜枚. 青藏高原北部碰撞造山及深部动力学. 地球学报,2001,20(1):5～10 [ Xu Zhiqin,Yang Jingsui,Jiang Mei. Collision Orogeny of the northern Qinhai-Tibet plateau and its deep dynamics. Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2001,20(1):5～10 ]

The Fan Delta in the Altun Slope Boundedby the Altun Rift System in the Qaidam Basin

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References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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