Sedimentation Dynamic Modes of the Nandujiang Estuary, Hainan Island

XIE Hua-liang; DAI Zhi-jun; WU Ying; CHEN Wei; LIN Yi-fan; WEI Wen; GE Zhen-peng; GAO Jin-juan

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Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 2014 > 32(5): 884-892

XIE Hua-liang, DAI Zhi-jun, WU Ying, CHEN Wei, LIN Yi-fan, WEI Wen, GE Zhen-peng, GAO Jin-juan. Sedimentation Dynamic Modes of the Nandujiang Estuary, Hainan Island[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2014, 32(5): 884-892.

Citation:

XIE Hua-liang, DAI Zhi-jun, WU Ying, CHEN Wei, LIN Yi-fan, WEI Wen, GE Zhen-peng, GAO Jin-juan. Sedimentation Dynamic Modes of the Nandujiang Estuary, Hainan Island[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2014, 32(5): 884-892.

Sedimentation Dynamic Modes of the Nandujiang Estuary, Hainan Island

1.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine & Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062;
2.
Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Transport, Tianjin 300456;
3.
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands

Received Date: 2013-07-24
Rev Recd Date: 2013-10-10
Publish Date: 2014-10-10

Abstract

Estuaries are naturally dynamic coastal systems that are unique in their close links to both land-based fluvial and coastal ocean process. Based on the collected large-scale sediment samples of Nandujiang Estuary in August 2011, the characteristics of grain size and associated sediment dynamic process of the Nandujiang Estuary were analyzed, and then depositional modes of the Nandujiang Estuary were further researched by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method.
The studied results show that: surface sediments of the Nandujiang Estuary were mainly composed of sand component. Three distinct depositional modes of the Nandujiang Estuary from land to sea can be seen as follows: ①Mode controlled by dominant wave action with main distribution is limited to the shallow area below 10m isobaths, where the surface sediments are basically composed of silt-sand with poor sorting. ②Mode controlled by coupling actions of runoff and tidal current with main distributed region is ranged from 10m to 20m isobaths, and offshore zone below 20 m isobaths was mainly controlled by the tidal forcing. The depositional mode is composed of coarse sediment component, which is presented as fan appearance. ③Mode controlled by Typhoon or storm tidal actions is distributed over the whole studied area, where the sediments are mainly composed of coarse sand.
The first two depositional modes represent commonly sediment dynamics features of the Nandujiang Estuary. The basic pattern is the mode controlled by coupling actions of runoff and tidal current. Moreover, distributed depositional modes from land to sea show that the wave action is dominant in the nearshore zone, and offshore zone is mainly influenced by jet current due to flood action and alongshore tide current. In addition, although Nandujiang Estuary was attributed to wave-dominated estuary in the previous researches, present results reveal that depositional mode of the Nandujiang Estuary could be obvious controlled by different dynamic actions. Estuarine geometry appearance and impacts of barrier actions and narrow tub of the Qiongzhou Strait could be one of the dominant factors on depositional environment changes of the Nandujiang Estuary.
- characteristics of grain size,
- river-mouth jet,
- sedimentation modes,
- Nandujiang Estuary,
- EOF analysis

References

[1]	吴加学. 现代三角洲动力沉积过程与沉积体系发育机制评述:以珠江三角洲为例[J]. 气候研究快报, 2012(1):113-120[Wu Jiaxue. Reviews on sediment dynamics and depositional system in the Modern delta, with a particular emphasis on the Pearl River Delta[J]. Climate Change Research Letters, 2012(1): 113-120]
[2]	Galloway W E. Process framework for describing the morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of deltaic depositional systems[C]//Broussard M L. Delta: Models for exploration. Houston: Houston Geological Society, 1975: 87-98
[3]	Wright L D. Sediment transport and deposition at river mouths: A synthesis[J]. Bulletin of the American Geological Society, 1977, 88: 857-868
[4]	Wright L D, Thom B G, Higgins R J. Wave influences on river-mouth depositional process: Examples from Australian and Papua New Guinea[J]. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science Ⅱ, 1980: 263-277
[5]	Dalrymple R W, Zaitlin B A, Boyd R. Estuarine facies models: Conceptual basis and stratigraphic implications[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 1992, 62(6): 1130-1146
[6]	Walsh J P, Nittrouer C A. Understanding fine-grained river-sediment dispersal on continental margins[J]. Marine Geology, 2009, 263(1/2/3/4): 34-45
[7]	戴志军, 任杰, 周作付. 河口定义及分类研究的进展[J]. 台湾海峡, 2000, 19(2):254-260[Dai Zhijun, Ren Jie, Zhou Zuofu. Research advance in definition and classification of estuaries[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2000, 19(2): 254-260]
[8]	李春初. 论河口体系及其自动调整作用——以华南河流为例[J]. 地理学报, 1997, 52(4):353-360[Li Chunchu. On the estuarine system and its automatic adjustment[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1997, 52(4): 353-360]
[9]	王文介, 欧兴进. 南渡江河口的动力特征与地形发育[J]. 热带海洋, 1986, 5(4):80-88[Wang Wenjie, Ou Xingjin. The dynamics and topographic development of the Nandujiang Estuary[J]. Tropic Oceanology, 1986, 5(4): 80-88]
[10]	田明, 李春初. 海南岛南渡江干流河口泥沙转运与现代地貌过程[J]. 热带地理, 1994, 12(2):105-112[Tian Ming, Li Chunchu. Sediment bypassing and present geomorphic processes at the main stream estuary of the Nandujiang River in Hainan[J]. Tropical Geography, 1994, 14(2): 105-112]
[11]	戴志军, 陈子燊, 欧素英. 海南岛南渡江三角洲海岸演变的波浪作用分析[J]. 台湾海峡, 2000, 19(4):413-418[Dai Zhijun, Chen Zishen, Ou Suying. Analysis of wave actions on coast evolution in Nandujiang River Delta, Hainan Island[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2000, 19(4): 413-418]
[12]	吴创收. 华南流域人类活动和气候变化对入海水沙通量和三角洲演化的影响[D]. 上海:华东师范大学, 2012[Wu Chuangshou. Impacts of human activities and climate change on sediment flux and delta evolution in Southern China basin[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2012]
[13]	龚文平, 吴家信, 莫李帅. 用EOF法分析海口湾东部浅滩区的泥沙来源与泥沙运动[J]. 泥沙研究, 2004(1):63-69[Gong Wenping, Wu Jiaxin, Mo Lishuai. Using EOF method to analyze the sediment sources and transport in the east shallow area of Haikou Bay[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2004(1): 63-69]
[14]	Subcommittee on the sediment terminology, AGU. Report on the Subcommittee on Sediment Terminology, American Geophysical Union[J]. Trans of AGU, 1947, 28(6): 936-938
[15]	马菲, 汪亚平, 李炎, 等. 地统计法支持的北部湾东部海域沉积物粒径趋势分析[J]. 地理学报, 2008, 63(11):1207-1217[Ma Fei, Wang Yaping, Li Yan, et al. The application of geostatistics to analysis of grain size trend in the Eastern Beibu Gulf[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(11): 1207-1217]
[16]	Shepard Francis P. Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1954, 24(3): 151-158
[17]	Lorenz E N.Empirical Orthogonal Functions and Statistical Weather Prediction[M]. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Meteorology, Cambridge, 1956: 49-50
[18]	Dai Zhijun, Liu James T, Fu Gui, et al. A thirteen-year record of bathymetric changes in the North Passage, Changjiang (Yangtze) estuary[J]. Geomorphology, 2013, 187: 101-107
[19]	Pearce A F. Critical Reynolds Number for Fully-developed Turbulence in Circular Submerged Water Jets[M]. Pretoria, South Africa: National Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, 1966
[20]	余常昭. 环境流体力学导论[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社, 1992:187-206[Yu Changzhao. Introduction to Environmental Fluid Dynamics[M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 1992: 187-206]
[21]	陈沈良, 严肃庄, 李玉中, 长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物分布特征[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2009, 18(2): 152-156[Chen Shenliang, Yan Suzhuang, Li Yuzhong. Characteristics of surface sediment distribution in the Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent waters[J]. Resources and Enviroment in the Yangtze Basin, 2009, 18(2): 152-156]
[22]	任韧希子, 陈沈良. 黄河下游至三角洲滨海区表层沉积物分异特征和规律[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2010, 28(1):24-31[Ren Renxizi, Chen Shenliang. The differentiation of bottom sediment from the downstream of the Yellow River to the delta nearshore area[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2010, 28(1): 24-31]
[23]	张富元, 章伟艳, 杨群慧. 南海东部海域沉积物粒度分布特征[J]. 沉积学报, 2003, 21(3):452-460[Zhang Fuyuan, Zhang Weiyan, Yang Qunhui. Characterics of grain size distribution of surface sediment in the Eastern South China Sea[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21(3): 452-460]
[24]	王宝灿, 陈沈良, 龚文平, 等. 海南岛港湾海岸的形成与演变[M]. 北京:海洋出版社, 2006:32-43[Wang Baocan, Chen Shenliang, Gong Wenping, et al. The Formation and Evolution of the Embayment Coasts of Hainan Island[M]. Beijing: Ocean Press, 2006: 32-43]

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Sedimentation Dynamic Modes of the Nandujiang Estuary, Hainan Island

1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine & Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062;

2. Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Transport, Tianjin 300456;

3. Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands

Received Date: 2013-07-24

Rev Recd Date: 2013-10-10

Publish Date: 2014-10-10

Key words:

Abstract: Estuaries are naturally dynamic coastal systems that are unique in their close links to both land-based fluvial and coastal ocean process. Based on the collected large-scale sediment samples of Nandujiang Estuary in August 2011, the characteristics of grain size and associated sediment dynamic process of the Nandujiang Estuary were analyzed, and then depositional modes of the Nandujiang Estuary were further researched by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method.
The studied results show that: surface sediments of the Nandujiang Estuary were mainly composed of sand component. Three distinct depositional modes of the Nandujiang Estuary from land to sea can be seen as follows: ①Mode controlled by dominant wave action with main distribution is limited to the shallow area below 10m isobaths, where the surface sediments are basically composed of silt-sand with poor sorting. ②Mode controlled by coupling actions of runoff and tidal current with main distributed region is ranged from 10m to 20m isobaths, and offshore zone below 20 m isobaths was mainly controlled by the tidal forcing. The depositional mode is composed of coarse sediment component, which is presented as fan appearance. ③Mode controlled by Typhoon or storm tidal actions is distributed over the whole studied area, where the sediments are mainly composed of coarse sand.
The first two depositional modes represent commonly sediment dynamics features of the Nandujiang Estuary. The basic pattern is the mode controlled by coupling actions of runoff and tidal current. Moreover, distributed depositional modes from land to sea show that the wave action is dominant in the nearshore zone, and offshore zone is mainly influenced by jet current due to flood action and alongshore tide current. In addition, although Nandujiang Estuary was attributed to wave-dominated estuary in the previous researches, present results reveal that depositional mode of the Nandujiang Estuary could be obvious controlled by different dynamic actions. Estuarine geometry appearance and impacts of barrier actions and narrow tub of the Qiongzhou Strait could be one of the dominant factors on depositional environment changes of the Nandujiang Estuary.

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Reference (24)

[1]	吴加学. 现代三角洲动力沉积过程与沉积体系发育机制评述:以珠江三角洲为例[J]. 气候研究快报, 2012(1):113-120[Wu Jiaxue. Reviews on sediment dynamics and depositional system in the Modern delta, with a particular emphasis on the Pearl River Delta[J]. Climate Change Research Letters, 2012(1): 113-120]
[2]	Galloway W E. Process framework for describing the morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of deltaic depositional systems[C]//Broussard M L. Delta: Models for exploration. Houston: Houston Geological Society, 1975: 87-98
[3]	Wright L D. Sediment transport and deposition at river mouths: A synthesis[J]. Bulletin of the American Geological Society, 1977, 88: 857-868
[4]	Wright L D, Thom B G, Higgins R J. Wave influences on river-mouth depositional process: Examples from Australian and Papua New Guinea[J]. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science Ⅱ, 1980: 263-277
[5]	Dalrymple R W, Zaitlin B A, Boyd R. Estuarine facies models: Conceptual basis and stratigraphic implications[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 1992, 62(6): 1130-1146
[6]	Walsh J P, Nittrouer C A. Understanding fine-grained river-sediment dispersal on continental margins[J]. Marine Geology, 2009, 263(1/2/3/4): 34-45
[7]	戴志军, 任杰, 周作付. 河口定义及分类研究的进展[J]. 台湾海峡, 2000, 19(2):254-260[Dai Zhijun, Ren Jie, Zhou Zuofu. Research advance in definition and classification of estuaries[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2000, 19(2): 254-260]
[8]	李春初. 论河口体系及其自动调整作用——以华南河流为例[J]. 地理学报, 1997, 52(4):353-360[Li Chunchu. On the estuarine system and its automatic adjustment[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1997, 52(4): 353-360]
[9]	王文介, 欧兴进. 南渡江河口的动力特征与地形发育[J]. 热带海洋, 1986, 5(4):80-88[Wang Wenjie, Ou Xingjin. The dynamics and topographic development of the Nandujiang Estuary[J]. Tropic Oceanology, 1986, 5(4): 80-88]
[10]	田明, 李春初. 海南岛南渡江干流河口泥沙转运与现代地貌过程[J]. 热带地理, 1994, 12(2):105-112[Tian Ming, Li Chunchu. Sediment bypassing and present geomorphic processes at the main stream estuary of the Nandujiang River in Hainan[J]. Tropical Geography, 1994, 14(2): 105-112]
[11]	戴志军, 陈子燊, 欧素英. 海南岛南渡江三角洲海岸演变的波浪作用分析[J]. 台湾海峡, 2000, 19(4):413-418[Dai Zhijun, Chen Zishen, Ou Suying. Analysis of wave actions on coast evolution in Nandujiang River Delta, Hainan Island[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2000, 19(4): 413-418]
[12]	吴创收. 华南流域人类活动和气候变化对入海水沙通量和三角洲演化的影响[D]. 上海:华东师范大学, 2012[Wu Chuangshou. Impacts of human activities and climate change on sediment flux and delta evolution in Southern China basin[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2012]
[13]	龚文平, 吴家信, 莫李帅. 用EOF法分析海口湾东部浅滩区的泥沙来源与泥沙运动[J]. 泥沙研究, 2004(1):63-69[Gong Wenping, Wu Jiaxin, Mo Lishuai. Using EOF method to analyze the sediment sources and transport in the east shallow area of Haikou Bay[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2004(1): 63-69]
[14]	Subcommittee on the sediment terminology, AGU. Report on the Subcommittee on Sediment Terminology, American Geophysical Union[J]. Trans of AGU, 1947, 28(6): 936-938
[15]	马菲, 汪亚平, 李炎, 等. 地统计法支持的北部湾东部海域沉积物粒径趋势分析[J]. 地理学报, 2008, 63(11):1207-1217[Ma Fei, Wang Yaping, Li Yan, et al. The application of geostatistics to analysis of grain size trend in the Eastern Beibu Gulf[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(11): 1207-1217]
[16]	Shepard Francis P. Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1954, 24(3): 151-158
[17]	Lorenz E N.Empirical Orthogonal Functions and Statistical Weather Prediction[M]. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Meteorology, Cambridge, 1956: 49-50
[18]	Dai Zhijun, Liu James T, Fu Gui, et al. A thirteen-year record of bathymetric changes in the North Passage, Changjiang (Yangtze) estuary[J]. Geomorphology, 2013, 187: 101-107
[19]	Pearce A F. Critical Reynolds Number for Fully-developed Turbulence in Circular Submerged Water Jets[M]. Pretoria, South Africa: National Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, 1966
[20]	余常昭. 环境流体力学导论[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社, 1992:187-206[Yu Changzhao. Introduction to Environmental Fluid Dynamics[M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 1992: 187-206]
[21]	陈沈良, 严肃庄, 李玉中, 长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物分布特征[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2009, 18(2): 152-156[Chen Shenliang, Yan Suzhuang, Li Yuzhong. Characteristics of surface sediment distribution in the Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent waters[J]. Resources and Enviroment in the Yangtze Basin, 2009, 18(2): 152-156]
[22]	任韧希子, 陈沈良. 黄河下游至三角洲滨海区表层沉积物分异特征和规律[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2010, 28(1):24-31[Ren Renxizi, Chen Shenliang. The differentiation of bottom sediment from the downstream of the Yellow River to the delta nearshore area[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2010, 28(1): 24-31]
[23]	张富元, 章伟艳, 杨群慧. 南海东部海域沉积物粒度分布特征[J]. 沉积学报, 2003, 21(3):452-460[Zhang Fuyuan, Zhang Weiyan, Yang Qunhui. Characterics of grain size distribution of surface sediment in the Eastern South China Sea[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21(3): 452-460]
[24]	王宝灿, 陈沈良, 龚文平, 等. 海南岛港湾海岸的形成与演变[M]. 北京:海洋出版社, 2006:32-43[Wang Baocan, Chen Shenliang, Gong Wenping, et al. The Formation and Evolution of the Embayment Coasts of Hainan Island[M]. Beijing: Ocean Press, 2006: 32-43]

Sedimentation Dynamic Modes of the Nandujiang Estuary, Hainan Island

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