Dolostone Controls in Postmasburg Manganese Field, South Africa

CHANG Hong-lun; KONG Fan-hui; SONG Xiao-dong; ZHAO Jin; LI Jian-feng; DU Jun; WANG Cong-ying

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Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 2014 > 32(5): 832-839

CHANG Hong-lun, KONG Fan-hui, SONG Xiao-dong, ZHAO Jin, LI Jian-feng, DU Jun, WANG Cong-ying. Dolostone Controls in Postmasburg Manganese Field, South Africa[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2014, 32(5): 832-839.

Citation:

CHANG Hong-lun, KONG Fan-hui, SONG Xiao-dong, ZHAO Jin, LI Jian-feng, DU Jun, WANG Cong-ying. Dolostone Controls in Postmasburg Manganese Field, South Africa[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2014, 32(5): 832-839.

Dolostone Controls in Postmasburg Manganese Field, South Africa

North China Engineering Investigation Institute, Shijiazhuang 050021

Received Date: 2013-08-06
Rev Recd Date: 2013-11-13
Publish Date: 2014-10-10

Abstract

Bishop and Paling mining areas are located in the western belt of Postmasburg Manganese Field, South Africa, in which typical metamorphosed sedimentary deposits developed. Six lithology units are identified for the lithology sequence, they are dolomite unit, iron-manganese mineralization unit, ferruginous fine sandstone/ferruginous conglomerate unit, pelitic siltstone unit, quartzite unit and shale unit from bottom to top, respectively, among which dolomite unit constitutes the base for ore body. There are two types of dolostone. They are Mn-rich dolostone and algal dolostone overlying, and both of them contribute to the karst system. Mass of sinkholes in the karst system provide the main space for the occurrence of depositional sequence. The morphology, size and locality of the original ore are restricted by the sinkholes, resulting in discontinuous lateral continuity. The wad is the weathering residue of the Mn-rich dolomite, and it is overlied unconformably by Mn-rich ores at bottom of the orebody, while the lateral part of the orebody is underlied directly by algal dolomite. Cummulate orebody excessively distributes at the edge of the dolomite slope. The whole development of the manganese field can be divided into three stages. The corroded depression in N-S direction formed during the first stage lays a foundation for the iron and manganese sediment. During the third stage, karstification happens again, resulting in side collapse of original ore, which accumulated on the slope, and finally the cumulate orebodies were formed.
- South Africa,
- Manganese Filed,
- dolostone,
- ore-controlling,
- depositional sequence

References

[1]	鲍荣华, 于艳蕊. 2010年南非矿产资源及其开发利用[J]. 国土资源情报, 2011(11):20-25[Bao Ronghua, Yu Yanrui. Mineral resources and the exploration and utilization in South Africa, 2010[J]. Land and Resources Information, 2011(11): 20-25]
[2]	董骁方. 南非矿产资源开发与利用[J]. 现代矿业, 2012(7):1-6[Dong Xiaofang. Exploration and utilization of mineral resources in South Africa[J]. Modern Mining, 2012(7): 1-6]
[3]	《矿产资源综合利用手册》编辑委员会. 矿产资源综合利用手册[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2000:252[Editorial Committee of "Handbook of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources". Handbook of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2000: 252]
[4]	Beukes N J. The transval sequence in Griqualand West[C]//Anhaeusser C R, Maske S. Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa. Johannesburg: The Geological Society of South Africa, 1986: 818-828
[5]	Dowding C E, Fey M V. Morphological, chemical and mineralogical properties of some manganese-rich oxisols derived from dolomite in Mpumalanga province, South Africa[J]. Geoderma, 2007, 141(1/2): 23-33
[6]	De Villiers J E. The manganese deposits of Griqualand West, South Africa: Some mineralogic aspects[J]. Economic Geology, 1983, 78(6): 1108-1118
[7]	Grobbelaar W S, Beukes N J. The Bishop and Glosam manganese mines and Beeshoek iron ore mine of the Postmasburg area[C]//Anhaeusser C R, Maske S. Mineral deposits of Southern Africa. Johannesburg: The Geological Society of South Africa, 1986: 957-961
[8]	Altermann W, Hiilbich L W. Structural history of the southwestern corner of the Kaapvaal Craton and the adjacent Namaqua realm[J]. Precambrian Research, 1991, 52(1/2): 133-166
[9]	Beukes N J, Dorland H, Gutzmer J, et al. Tropical laterites, life on land, and the history of atmospheric oxygen in the Paleoproterozoic[J]. Geology, 2002, 30(6): 491-494
[10]	Van Schalkwyk J F, Beukes N J. The Sishen iron ore deposit, griqualand West[C]//Anhaeusser C R, Maske S. Mineral deposits of Southern Africa. Johannesburg: The Geological Society of South Africa, 1986: 931-956
[11]	SACS (South African Committee for Stratigraphy). Stratigraphy of South Africa, Handbook 8, Part 1 of the Department of Mineral and Energy Affairs[M]. Pretoria: Government Printer, 1980: 690
[12]	Beukes N J, Smit C A. New evidence for thrust faulting in Griqualand West, South Africa: implications for stratigraphy and the age of red beds[J]. South African Journal of Geology, 1987, 90 (4): 378-394
[13]	Plehwe-leisen E V, Klemm D D. Geology and ore genesis of the manganese ore deposits of the Postmasburg manganese-field, South Africa[J]. Mineralium. Depoista, 1995, 30(3/4): 257-267
[14]	Schneiderhöhn H. Mineralbestand und Gefüge der Manganerze von Postmasburg, Griqualand West, Südafrika[J]. Neues Jahrb. Mineral., Beilagen Band, 1931, 64A: 701-726
[15]	Gutzmer J, Beukes N J. Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of oxide-facies manganese ores of the Postmasburg manganese field, South Africa[J]. Mineralogical Magazine, 1997, 61(2): 213-231
[16]	DeVilliers J E. On the origin of the Griqualand West manganese and iron deposits[J]. South African Journal of Science, 1992, 88: 12-25
[17]	Kuleshov V N. Manganese Deposits:Communication 1. Genetic Models of Manganese Ore Formation[J]. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 2011, 46(5): 473-493
[18]	Gutzmer J, Beukes N J, Yeh H W. Fault controlled metasomatic alteration of Early Proterozoic sedimentary manganese ores at Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa[J]. South African Journal of Geology, 1997, 100(1): 53-71
[19]	Gutzmer J. Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa[D]. Johannesburg: RAU, 1996
[20]	Nicholson K. Contrasting mineralogical-geochemical signatures of manganese oxides: Guides to metallogenesis[J]. Economic Geology, 1992, 87(5): 1253-1264
[21]	DeVilliers J E. The manganese deposits of the Union of South Africa[C]. International Geological Congress, 20th, Mexico City, Symposium del Manganeso, 1956
[22]	Bardossy G. Karst bauxites, bauxite deposits on carbonate rocks[C]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1982: 441
[23]	Leisen H. Geologisch-tektonische Kartierung der Griqualand West and Olifantshoek Sequenzen in der N/Srdlichen Kapprovinz, Südafrika, auf der Grundlage yon Landsat-Mss-Daten und terrestrisch-photogrammetrischen Aufnahmen[D]. Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Miichen, 1987, 118
[24]	James N P, Choquette P W. Paleokarst[M]. New York:Springer Verlag, 1988: 416
[25]	Kupferbfirger W, Boardman L G, Bosch P R. New considerations concerning the manganese ore deposits in the Postmasburg and Kuruman areas, Northern Cape Province, Union of South Africa[C]. International Geological Congress, 20th, Mexico City, Symposium del Manganeso, 1956
[26]	Du Toit A L. The manganese deposits of Postmasburg, South Africa[J]. Economic Geology, 1933, 28(2): 95-122

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Dolostone Controls in Postmasburg Manganese Field, South Africa

North China Engineering Investigation Institute, Shijiazhuang 050021

Received Date: 2013-08-06

Rev Recd Date: 2013-11-13

Publish Date: 2014-10-10

Key words:

Abstract: Bishop and Paling mining areas are located in the western belt of Postmasburg Manganese Field, South Africa, in which typical metamorphosed sedimentary deposits developed. Six lithology units are identified for the lithology sequence, they are dolomite unit, iron-manganese mineralization unit, ferruginous fine sandstone/ferruginous conglomerate unit, pelitic siltstone unit, quartzite unit and shale unit from bottom to top, respectively, among which dolomite unit constitutes the base for ore body. There are two types of dolostone. They are Mn-rich dolostone and algal dolostone overlying, and both of them contribute to the karst system. Mass of sinkholes in the karst system provide the main space for the occurrence of depositional sequence. The morphology, size and locality of the original ore are restricted by the sinkholes, resulting in discontinuous lateral continuity. The wad is the weathering residue of the Mn-rich dolomite, and it is overlied unconformably by Mn-rich ores at bottom of the orebody, while the lateral part of the orebody is underlied directly by algal dolomite. Cummulate orebody excessively distributes at the edge of the dolomite slope. The whole development of the manganese field can be divided into three stages. The corroded depression in N-S direction formed during the first stage lays a foundation for the iron and manganese sediment. During the third stage, karstification happens again, resulting in side collapse of original ore, which accumulated on the slope, and finally the cumulate orebodies were formed.

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Reference (26)

[1]	鲍荣华, 于艳蕊. 2010年南非矿产资源及其开发利用[J]. 国土资源情报, 2011(11):20-25[Bao Ronghua, Yu Yanrui. Mineral resources and the exploration and utilization in South Africa, 2010[J]. Land and Resources Information, 2011(11): 20-25]
[2]	董骁方. 南非矿产资源开发与利用[J]. 现代矿业, 2012(7):1-6[Dong Xiaofang. Exploration and utilization of mineral resources in South Africa[J]. Modern Mining, 2012(7): 1-6]
[3]	《矿产资源综合利用手册》编辑委员会. 矿产资源综合利用手册[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2000:252[Editorial Committee of "Handbook of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources". Handbook of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2000: 252]
[4]	Beukes N J. The transval sequence in Griqualand West[C]//Anhaeusser C R, Maske S. Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa. Johannesburg: The Geological Society of South Africa, 1986: 818-828
[5]	Dowding C E, Fey M V. Morphological, chemical and mineralogical properties of some manganese-rich oxisols derived from dolomite in Mpumalanga province, South Africa[J]. Geoderma, 2007, 141(1/2): 23-33
[6]	De Villiers J E. The manganese deposits of Griqualand West, South Africa: Some mineralogic aspects[J]. Economic Geology, 1983, 78(6): 1108-1118
[7]	Grobbelaar W S, Beukes N J. The Bishop and Glosam manganese mines and Beeshoek iron ore mine of the Postmasburg area[C]//Anhaeusser C R, Maske S. Mineral deposits of Southern Africa. Johannesburg: The Geological Society of South Africa, 1986: 957-961
[8]	Altermann W, Hiilbich L W. Structural history of the southwestern corner of the Kaapvaal Craton and the adjacent Namaqua realm[J]. Precambrian Research, 1991, 52(1/2): 133-166
[9]	Beukes N J, Dorland H, Gutzmer J, et al. Tropical laterites, life on land, and the history of atmospheric oxygen in the Paleoproterozoic[J]. Geology, 2002, 30(6): 491-494
[10]	Van Schalkwyk J F, Beukes N J. The Sishen iron ore deposit, griqualand West[C]//Anhaeusser C R, Maske S. Mineral deposits of Southern Africa. Johannesburg: The Geological Society of South Africa, 1986: 931-956
[11]	SACS (South African Committee for Stratigraphy). Stratigraphy of South Africa, Handbook 8, Part 1 of the Department of Mineral and Energy Affairs[M]. Pretoria: Government Printer, 1980: 690
[12]	Beukes N J, Smit C A. New evidence for thrust faulting in Griqualand West, South Africa: implications for stratigraphy and the age of red beds[J]. South African Journal of Geology, 1987, 90 (4): 378-394
[13]	Plehwe-leisen E V, Klemm D D. Geology and ore genesis of the manganese ore deposits of the Postmasburg manganese-field, South Africa[J]. Mineralium. Depoista, 1995, 30(3/4): 257-267
[14]	Schneiderhöhn H. Mineralbestand und Gefüge der Manganerze von Postmasburg, Griqualand West, Südafrika[J]. Neues Jahrb. Mineral., Beilagen Band, 1931, 64A: 701-726
[15]	Gutzmer J, Beukes N J. Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of oxide-facies manganese ores of the Postmasburg manganese field, South Africa[J]. Mineralogical Magazine, 1997, 61(2): 213-231
[16]	DeVilliers J E. On the origin of the Griqualand West manganese and iron deposits[J]. South African Journal of Science, 1992, 88: 12-25
[17]	Kuleshov V N. Manganese Deposits:Communication 1. Genetic Models of Manganese Ore Formation[J]. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 2011, 46(5): 473-493
[18]	Gutzmer J, Beukes N J, Yeh H W. Fault controlled metasomatic alteration of Early Proterozoic sedimentary manganese ores at Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa[J]. South African Journal of Geology, 1997, 100(1): 53-71
[19]	Gutzmer J. Genesis and alteration of the Kalahari and Postmasburg manganese deposits, Griqualand West, South Africa[D]. Johannesburg: RAU, 1996
[20]	Nicholson K. Contrasting mineralogical-geochemical signatures of manganese oxides: Guides to metallogenesis[J]. Economic Geology, 1992, 87(5): 1253-1264
[21]	DeVilliers J E. The manganese deposits of the Union of South Africa[C]. International Geological Congress, 20th, Mexico City, Symposium del Manganeso, 1956
[22]	Bardossy G. Karst bauxites, bauxite deposits on carbonate rocks[C]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1982: 441
[23]	Leisen H. Geologisch-tektonische Kartierung der Griqualand West and Olifantshoek Sequenzen in der N/Srdlichen Kapprovinz, Südafrika, auf der Grundlage yon Landsat-Mss-Daten und terrestrisch-photogrammetrischen Aufnahmen[D]. Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Miichen, 1987, 118
[24]	James N P, Choquette P W. Paleokarst[M]. New York:Springer Verlag, 1988: 416
[25]	Kupferbfirger W, Boardman L G, Bosch P R. New considerations concerning the manganese ore deposits in the Postmasburg and Kuruman areas, Northern Cape Province, Union of South Africa[C]. International Geological Congress, 20th, Mexico City, Symposium del Manganeso, 1956
[26]	Du Toit A L. The manganese deposits of Postmasburg, South Africa[J]. Economic Geology, 1933, 28(2): 95-122

Dolostone Controls in Postmasburg Manganese Field, South Africa

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