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莱州湾位于郯庐断裂带山东段(沂沭断裂)的东西两支之间,中新世中晚期以来整体处于稳定的沉降环境,表现为地震剖面上不整合面以上同相轴基本平行、连续稳定,地层无较大的起伏[46⁃47]。
莱州湾地区第四纪地层主要包含冲洪积、海积、湖积沉积层,由南向北、自东向西地层厚度逐渐增加,央子断裂以北、白浪河—虞河一带厚度最大,可划分为平原组、潍北组、旭口组、临沂组、沂河组等。晚第四纪三次主要海侵事件由赵松龄等[10]命名,从老到新包括沧州海侵(第三海侵层)、黄骅海侵(部分地区包括次级的渤海海侵)(第二海侵层)和献县海侵(第一海侵层)。
自西向东有小清河、弥河、白浪河、潍河、胶莱河等河流,自南向北注入莱州湾。这些河流发源于鲁中山区,蜿蜒北流,河流长度多介于100~200 km,年输沙量可达百万吨。由于降水主要集中在夏季,这些河流的径流量和输沙量也以夏季为多,占全年的一半以上[19];河水从鲁中山区直接进入山前平原地带,形成面积广大的冲洪积扇与古河道。
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用于本项研究的11支钻孔岩心取自莱州湾及沿岸(图1),由天津地质调查中心和自然资源部第一海洋研究所完成钻进取心。其中,HLL01、HLL02、BH1、BH2、Lz908、W5、W9和GD02等8支已在此前的研究中有所涉及,G2、H5和X1孔是本研究首次报道。11支钻孔岩心的具体信息已在表1中列出。
站位 经度 纬度 高程/m 进尺/m 取心率/% 文献 HLL01 119.119°E 37.107°N 2.3 452 94 文献[48] HLL02 119.137°E 37.033°N 3.4 425 90 文献[1] BH1 119.110°E 37.311°N -4.0 199 94 文献[1] BH2 119.075°E 37.182°N 3.0 228 95 文献[1] Lz908 118.972°E 37.150°N 6.0 101 75 文献[2,19] W5 119.044°E 36.707°N 31.0 64 90 文献[11] W9 119.209°E 36.819°N 10.2 95 93 文献[11] GD02 119.129°E 36.848°N 11.4 137 90 文献[11] G2 119.149°E 36.901°N 6.3 130 92 本研究 H5 119.041°E 37.094°N 3.5 150 95 本研究 X1 119.018°E 37.253°N -4.0 160 95 本研究 -
前人研究已指出,莱州湾沉积的载磁矿物主要是磁铁矿,部分样品含有少量的赤铁矿成分[49]。因此,本研究中涉及的磁性地层研究选用交变退磁和热退磁方法,对3支未定年钻孔岩心的定向样品进行系统退磁。具体的测试内容包括:(1)G2孔,交变退磁46块(上部16 m),热退磁242块;(2)H5孔,交变退磁114块(上部48 m),热退磁364块;(3)X1孔,交变退磁442块。剩磁测量在天津地质调查中心和同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室的低温超导磁力仪2G-755K(2G Enterprises,USA)上完成。测量数据,采用PuffinPlot数据处理软件[50],利用主成分分析法进行特征剩磁方向的计算。特征剩磁方向通过线性拟合方式[51]获得,每次拟合利用不少于4个连续数据点进行,且最大角偏差(MAD)小于15°。
1.1. 区域概况
1.2. 研究材料
1.3. 古地磁测试
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