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通过沉积结构与构造来推断沉积环境是沉积学中的一种方法[160]。研究表明,不同蒸发岩相的蒸发盐类型多样,产状,沉积构造复杂多变,此外还有不同的盐类矿物组合沉积出现,因此不同的盐类构造和类型往往代表着不同的沉积环境和沉积相,可以作为沉积相和环境划分的重要标志。不同环境中可能有相同的蒸发矿物和结构,如纹层状石膏可以存在于深湖或远洋环境,滑塌构造可能是海相也可能是非海相,大部分原生石盐在内陆盐湖和海相萨布哈环境都可以沉积。因此单个岩相不能确定沉积环境,需要通过岩相组合判断环境动力条件推测沉积环境(表1)。梳理本文相类型、岩相、结构总结不同环境的相组合如下。
相 亚相 岩相组合 海相 萨布哈 Ct,Dl,Mm/Mlb,Gm,Gbg,Gs,GSm,GSx,Alb,Gf/Gp,Gn/An,Gmn,SGl,SGn,Hc,Hh,Hpt,Hfb,Hk,Hog,Hs,Hbc,Sah,DG,Hht,PG 潮上带 Cp,Ct,Dl,Dal,De,Dc,Ml,Hs,Gr,Sm/Sag,Gs,Alb,Gn/An,Hc,Hh,Hr,Hrc,DG,GDc 潮间—潮下带 Smc,Scc,Co,Dg,Ds,DG,Sva,Gss,Ssl,Ss,Gg,Ai/Ac,Gef,Am,Aab 半深海—深海 Ga/Gr,Gt/Gb,GO,Gmb,Ab,Amn,Has,Apl 陆相 大陆萨布哈 Dl,Mm/Mlb,Trp,Tu,Gm,Gbg,Gf/Gp,GSm,GSx,Gn/An,Gmn,Gnl,SGn,SGm,SGa,Ml,Hh,Hr,Hpt,Hfb,Hk,Hog, Hs,Hbc,Sah,Hm,Hht,GLm,Glc-Ⅱ,MA,Db 滨湖 Slb,Ctc,Scd,Co,Dl,Aha,Hs,Tb,Tm,Tgl,Trp,Tu,Nl,Go,Sm/Sag,Ssl,Ss,Gbl, Gmn,GLc-Ⅰ,Glc-Ⅱ, Hc,Hh,Hr,Hrc,Ho,GDc,GLc-Ⅲ,GLm 浅湖 Cmt,Rsad,Nm,Gc,Gbl,Gg,GLc-Ⅲ,Tl 半深湖—深湖 Cmt,Cl,Atd,Glp,Gt/Gb,Gmb,Has,Apl,Ab,Ga/Gr,GO
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