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东亚地区在进入新生代后经历了一系列剧烈的构造运动,包括太平洋板块的转向和俯冲后撤[1]、菲律宾板块和欧亚板块边缘的碰撞[2]、以及造成青藏高原隆升的印度板块与欧亚板块间的碰撞等事件[3]。这一系列的地质构造运动对东亚地区的构造、地质演化及气候等都产生了巨大的影响。南海就是在这一系列构造运动中形成的新生代边缘海,是研究新生代东亚地区板块构造运动的热点地区之一,其在新生代东亚大陆边缘大规模张裂作用的背景下[4],经历了海底扩张与消亡的旋回过程[5]。伴随着断陷扩张过程,南海盆地接受了巨厚的新生代沉积。然而,由于南海北部钻遇新生代早期的探井有限,极大地限制了通过沉积手段对南海早期的沉积演变过程的研究。台湾地区新生代始新世—中新世沉积属南海北部沉积的一部分,是南海北部陆源剥蚀—沉积充填过程的产物。由于菲律宾板块向西北方向的漂移并在中中新世开始与欧亚大陆发生拼合碰撞,使南海东北部新生代沉积层序变形抬升,最终形成台湾隆升岛屿[6-7]。因此,台湾地区作为南海北部新生代地层唯一的出露区,对揭示南海早期构造演化和沉积充填过程具有重要意义。前人对台湾地区新生代沉积环境的研究工作已取得了大量成果[7-8],但其物源演化尚存争议[9-11]。本研究通过对台湾岛中部、北部始新世—中新世样品的岩石学及沉积物源的研究,并结合南海北部的对比分析,揭示了沉积物的形成环境及物源演变信息(图 1)。
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