Hydrodynamic Control of Sedimentary Systems in Shore Zone of Qinghai Lake

HAN YuanHong; LI XiaoYan; WANG Qi; HAO LeWei; TIAN Bing; MA XiaoFeng; ZHU Jun; LIAO Peng; JI HongJie; Ma DongXu

doi:10.14027/j.cnki.cjxb.2015.01.010

Volume 33 Issue 1

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Article Navigation > Acta Sedimentologica Sinica > 2015 > 33(1): 97-104

HAN YuanHong, LI XiaoYan, WANG Qi, HAO LeWei, TIAN Bing, MA XiaoFeng, ZHU Jun, LIAO Peng, JI HongJie, Ma DongXu. Hydrodynamic Control of Sedimentary Systems in Shore Zone of Qinghai Lake[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2015, 33(1): 97-104. doi: 10.14027/j.cnki.cjxb.2015.01.010

Citation:

HAN YuanHong, LI XiaoYan, WANG Qi, HAO LeWei, TIAN Bing, MA XiaoFeng, ZHU Jun, LIAO Peng, JI HongJie, Ma DongXu. Hydrodynamic Control of Sedimentary Systems in Shore Zone of Qinghai Lake[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2015, 33(1): 97-104. doi: 10.14027/j.cnki.cjxb.2015.01.010

Hydrodynamic Control of Sedimentary Systems in Shore Zone of Qinghai Lake

doi: 10.14027/j.cnki.cjxb.2015.01.010

1.
Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province/ Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000;
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049;
3.
Lanzhou Library of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000;
4.
Qinghai Oilfield Research Institute of Exploration & Development, Dunhuang, Gansu 736202;
5.
Geophysical exploration research institute, Jianghan oil field, SINOPEC, Wuhan 430035

Received Date: 2014-03-12
Rev Recd Date: 2014-06-10
Publish Date: 2015-02-10

Abstract

Qinghai Lake is a typical intermontane downfaulted lake in the arid region of northwest China. It is very similar to some continental petroliferous basins, and developed a series of sedimentary facies which are favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Thus, researching the sedimentary systems of Qinghai Lake could provide us a good example of paleogeographic recovery in the similar ancient lacustrine basin. In order to analyze the evolution of coastline and sedimentary system of Qinghai Lake, field trip are taken, large amounts of previous data are summed up and 10 pieces of remote sensing images over the past 40 years are interpreted in this study. Meanwhile, on basis of detailed study of hydrodynamics of Qinghai Lake, computer numerical simulation method is used to reveal the sediment transport patterns of Qinghai Lake. There are mainly three clockwise currents in Qinghai Lake; the hydrodynamic characteristics in the beach area are more complicated, sediment transport patterns are consistent with regional hydrodynamic features. It indicates that hydrodynamic condition is the most important factor to affect the sedimentary system of Qinghai Lake. Furthermore, the area including, river estuary, sand island- Haiyan bay, Langjian spit and eastern bay, have the most obvious evolutionary characteristics in Qinghai Lake. It is inferred that the evolution pattern of sedimentary system will keep unchanging under the condition of dry climate in a short time.
- sediment system,
- evolution of sedimentary process,
- mechanism,
- hydrodynamic,
- Qinghai Lake

References

[1]	中国科学院兰州地质研究所,中国科学院水生生物研究所,中国科学院微生物研究所,等. 青海湖综合考察报告[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1979. [Lanzhou Institute of Geology, CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, CAS, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, et al. An Report on Comprehensive Exploration of Qinghai Lake[M]. Beijing: Science Press,1979.]
[2]	中国科学院兰州分院,中国科学院西部资源环境研究中心. 青海湖近代环境的演化和预测[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1994. [Lanzhou Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Resources and Environment of Western China, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Evolution of Recent Environment in Qinghai Lake and Its Prediction[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1994.]
[3]	李景贵,范璞,崔明中,等. 青海湖沉积物支链和环烷烃组分中C₂₀,C₂₅和C₃₀高度支链类异戊二烯烃[J]. 沉积学报,1995,13(4):82-92.[Li Jinggui, Fan Pu, Cui Mingzhong, et al. C₂₀, C₂₅ and C₃₀ highly branched isopreniod alkenes in the branched and cyclic hydrocarbon fractions of Qinghai Lake sediments[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1995, 13(4): 82-92.]
[4]	马宝林,王琪. 青海湖现代沉积物的元素分布特征[J].沉积学报,1997,15(3):120-125.[Ma Baolin, Wang Qi. Distribution characteristics of elements in modern sediments of Qinghai Lake[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1997, 15(3): 120-125.]
[5]	Liu Xingqi, Shen Ji, Wang Sumin, et al. A 16000-year pollen record of Qinghai Lake and its paleo-climate and paleoenvironment[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2002, 47 (22): 1931-1936.
[6]	Yu J Q, Kelts K R. Abrupt changes in climatic conditions across the late-glacial /Holocene transition on the N. E. Tibet-Qinghai Plateau: evidence from Lake Qinghai, China[J]. Journal of Paleolimnology, 2002, 28(2): 195-206.
[7]	史基安,郭雪莲,王琪,等. 青海湖QH1孔晚全新世沉积物稀土元素地球化学与气候环境关系探讨[J]. 湖泊科学,2003,15(1):28-34.[Shi Ji'an, Guo Xuelian, Wang Qi, et al. Geochemistry of REE in QH1 sediments of Qinghai Lake since Late Holocene and its paleoclimatic significance[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2003, 15(1): 28-34.]
[8]	刘兴起,王苏民,沈吉. 青海湖QH-2000钻孔沉积物粒度组成的古气候古环境意义[J]. 湖泊科学,2003,15(2):112-117.[Liu Xingqi, Wang Sumin, Shen Ji. The grain size of the Core QH-2000 in Qinghai Lake and its implication for paleoclimate and paleoenvironment[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2003, 15(2):112-117.]
[9]	Henderson A C G, Holmes J A, Zhang J W, et al. A carbon-and oxygen-isotope record of recent environmental change from Qinghai Lake, NE Tibetan Plateau[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2003, 48(14): 1463-1468.
[10]	刘小园. 青海湖流域水文特征[J]. 水文,2004,24(2):60-61.[Liu Xiaoyuan. Hydrological characteristics of Qinghai Lake basin[J]. Hydrology, 2004, 24(2): 60-61.]
[11]	沈吉,刘兴起,Matsumoto R,等. 晚冰期以来青海湖沉积物多指标高分辨率的古气候演化[J]. 中国科学(D 辑):地球科学,2004,34(6):582-589.[Shen Ji, Liu Xingqi, Matsumoto R, et al. A high-resolution climatic change since the Late Glacial Age inferred from multi-proxy of sediments in Qinghai Lake[J]. Science China (Series D): Earth Sciences, 2005, 48(6): 742-751.]
[12]	许长军,侯光良. 利用遥感和地理信息系统对青海湖环湖沙地的研究[J]. 青海大学学报:自然科学版,2005,23(3):63-66.[Xu Changjun, Hou Guangliang. Study of sandlands around Qinghai Lake using remote sensing technique and geography information system[J]. Journal of Qinghai University: Nature Science, 2005, 23(3): 63-66.]
[13]	Ji Junfeng, Shen Ji, Balsam W, et al. Asian monsoon oscillations in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau since the late glacial as interpreted from visible reflectance of Qinghai Lake sediments[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2005, 233(1/2): 61-70.
[14]	李岳坦,李小雁,崔步礼,等. 青海湖流域50年来(1956-2007年)河川径流量变化趋势——以布哈河和沙柳河为例[J]. 湖泊科学,2010,22(5):757-766.[Li Yuetan, Li Xiaoyan, Cui Buli, et al. Trend of stream flow in Lake Qinghai basin during the past 50 years(1956-2007) —Take Buha River and Shaliu River for examples[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2010, 22(5): 757-766.]
[15]	李祥忠,刘卫国. 青海湖意外湖花介(Limnocythere inopinata Bird)壳体稳定氧同位素组成对盐度的可能响应[J]. 湖泊科学,2012,24(4):623-628.[Li Xiangzhong, Liu Weiguo. The stable oxygen isotopic composition of ostracoda Limnocythere inopinata Bird and its possible response to water salinity in Lake Qinghai[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2012, 24(4): 623-628.]
[16]	宋春晖,王新民,师永民,等. 青海湖现代滨岸沉积微相及其特征[J]. 沉积学报,1999,17(1):51-57.[Song Chunhui, Wang Xinmin, Shi Yongmin, et al. Sedimentary characteristics and microfacies of shore zone in Qinghai Lake[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1999, 17(1): 51-57.]
[17]	宋春晖,方小敏,师永民,等. 青海湖西岸风成沙丘特征及成因[J]. 中国沙漠,2000,20(4):443-446.[Song Chunhui, Fang Xiaomin, Shi Yongmin, et al. Characteristics and formation of aeolian dunes on western shore of the Qinghai Lake[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2000, 20(4): 443-446.]
[18]	宋春晖,方小敏,师永民,等. 青海湖现代三角洲沉积特征及形成控制因素[J]. 兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2001, 37(3):112-120.[Song Chunhui, Fang Xiaomin, Shi Yongmin, et al. Sedimentary characteristics of modern lacustrine deltas in Qinghai Lake and their controlling factors[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University: Natural Sciences, 2001, 37(3): 112-120.]
[19]	师永民,王新民,宋春晖. 青海湖湖区风成沙堆积[J]. 沉积学报,1996,14(增刊):234-238. [Shi Yongmin, Wang Xinmin, Song Chunhui. Aeolian deposition in Qinghai Lake area[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1996, 14(Suppl.): 234-238.]
[20]	师永民,董普,张玉广,等. 青海湖现代沉积对岩性油气藏精细勘探的启示[J]. 天然气工业,2008,28(1):53-57.[Shi Yongmin, Dong Pu, Zhang Yuguang, et al. Revelation of modern deposits in Qinghai Lake to precise exploration of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2008, 28(1): 53-57.]
[21]	靳松,朱筱敏,钟大康. 变差函数在沉积微相自动识别中的应用[J]. 石油学报,2006,27(3):57-60.[Jin Song, Zhu Xiaomin, Zhong Dakang. Application of variogram to automatic identification of sedimentary microfacies[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2006, 27(3): 57-60.]
[22]	朱筱敏,信荃麟,张晋仁. 断陷湖盆滩坝储集体沉积特征及沉积模式[J]. 沉积学报,1994,12(2):20-28.[Zhu Xiaomin, Xin Quanlin, Zhang Jinren. Sedimentary characteristics and models of the beach-bar reservoirs in faulted down lacustrine basins[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1994, 12(2): 20-28.]
[23]	李丕龙. 陆相断陷盆地油气地质与勘探[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,2003.[Li Pilong. Petroleum Geology and Exploration of Continental Fault Basin[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2003.]
[24]	高雷,朱筱敏,吕雪雁. 准噶尔盆地三个泉地区下白垩统沉积相特征[J]. 石油大学学报:自然科学版,2004,28(1):5-9.[Gao Lei, Zhu Xiaomin, Lü Xueyan. Sedimentary facies of Lower Cretaceous in Sangequan area of Junggar Basin[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum, China: Edition of Natural Science, 2004, 28(1): 5-9.]
[25]	邓宏文,高晓鹏,赵宁,等. 济阳坳陷北部断陷湖盆陆源碎屑滩坝成因类型、分布规律与成藏特征[J]. 古地理学报,2010,12(6):737-747.[Deng Hongwen, Gao Xiaopeng, Zhao Ning, et al. Genetic types, distribution patterns and hydrocarbon accumulation in terrigenous beach and bar in northern faulted-lacustrine-basin of Jiyang depression[J]. Journal of Paleogeography, 2010, 12(6): 737-747.]
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[27]	杨勇强,邱隆伟,姜在兴,等. 陆相断陷湖盆滩坝沉积模式——以东营凹陷古近系沙四上亚段为例[J]. 石油学报,2011,32(3):417-423.[Yang Yongqiang, Qiu Longwei, Jiang Zaixing, et al. A depositional pattern of beach bar in continental rift lake basins: A case study on the upper part of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying sag[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2011, 32(3): 417-423.]
[28]	张登山,王彬. 青海湖中沙堤的形成及其对湖水位的影响[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,1991,5(1):96-102.[Zhang Dengshan, Wang Bin. The formation of sandbar and its influence on the level in the Qinghai Lake [J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 1991, 5(1): 96-102.]
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Hydrodynamic Control of Sedimentary Systems in Shore Zone of Qinghai Lake

1. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province/ Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000;

2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049;

3. Lanzhou Library of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000;

4. Qinghai Oilfield Research Institute of Exploration & Development, Dunhuang, Gansu 736202;

5. Geophysical exploration research institute, Jianghan oil field, SINOPEC, Wuhan 430035

Received Date: 2014-03-12

Rev Recd Date: 2014-06-10

Publish Date: 2015-02-10

Key words:

Abstract: Qinghai Lake is a typical intermontane downfaulted lake in the arid region of northwest China. It is very similar to some continental petroliferous basins, and developed a series of sedimentary facies which are favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Thus, researching the sedimentary systems of Qinghai Lake could provide us a good example of paleogeographic recovery in the similar ancient lacustrine basin. In order to analyze the evolution of coastline and sedimentary system of Qinghai Lake, field trip are taken, large amounts of previous data are summed up and 10 pieces of remote sensing images over the past 40 years are interpreted in this study. Meanwhile, on basis of detailed study of hydrodynamics of Qinghai Lake, computer numerical simulation method is used to reveal the sediment transport patterns of Qinghai Lake. There are mainly three clockwise currents in Qinghai Lake; the hydrodynamic characteristics in the beach area are more complicated, sediment transport patterns are consistent with regional hydrodynamic features. It indicates that hydrodynamic condition is the most important factor to affect the sedimentary system of Qinghai Lake. Furthermore, the area including, river estuary, sand island- Haiyan bay, Langjian spit and eastern bay, have the most obvious evolutionary characteristics in Qinghai Lake. It is inferred that the evolution pattern of sedimentary system will keep unchanging under the condition of dry climate in a short time.

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Reference (29)

[1]	中国科学院兰州地质研究所,中国科学院水生生物研究所,中国科学院微生物研究所,等. 青海湖综合考察报告[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1979. [Lanzhou Institute of Geology, CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, CAS, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, et al. An Report on Comprehensive Exploration of Qinghai Lake[M]. Beijing: Science Press,1979.]
[2]	中国科学院兰州分院,中国科学院西部资源环境研究中心. 青海湖近代环境的演化和预测[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1994. [Lanzhou Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Resources and Environment of Western China, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Evolution of Recent Environment in Qinghai Lake and Its Prediction[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1994.]
[3]	李景贵,范璞,崔明中,等. 青海湖沉积物支链和环烷烃组分中C₂₀,C₂₅和C₃₀高度支链类异戊二烯烃[J]. 沉积学报,1995,13(4):82-92.[Li Jinggui, Fan Pu, Cui Mingzhong, et al. C₂₀, C₂₅ and C₃₀ highly branched isopreniod alkenes in the branched and cyclic hydrocarbon fractions of Qinghai Lake sediments[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1995, 13(4): 82-92.]
[4]	马宝林,王琪. 青海湖现代沉积物的元素分布特征[J].沉积学报,1997,15(3):120-125.[Ma Baolin, Wang Qi. Distribution characteristics of elements in modern sediments of Qinghai Lake[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1997, 15(3): 120-125.]
[5]	Liu Xingqi, Shen Ji, Wang Sumin, et al. A 16000-year pollen record of Qinghai Lake and its paleo-climate and paleoenvironment[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2002, 47 (22): 1931-1936.
[6]	Yu J Q, Kelts K R. Abrupt changes in climatic conditions across the late-glacial /Holocene transition on the N. E. Tibet-Qinghai Plateau: evidence from Lake Qinghai, China[J]. Journal of Paleolimnology, 2002, 28(2): 195-206.
[7]	史基安,郭雪莲,王琪,等. 青海湖QH1孔晚全新世沉积物稀土元素地球化学与气候环境关系探讨[J]. 湖泊科学,2003,15(1):28-34.[Shi Ji'an, Guo Xuelian, Wang Qi, et al. Geochemistry of REE in QH1 sediments of Qinghai Lake since Late Holocene and its paleoclimatic significance[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2003, 15(1): 28-34.]
[8]	刘兴起,王苏民,沈吉. 青海湖QH-2000钻孔沉积物粒度组成的古气候古环境意义[J]. 湖泊科学,2003,15(2):112-117.[Liu Xingqi, Wang Sumin, Shen Ji. The grain size of the Core QH-2000 in Qinghai Lake and its implication for paleoclimate and paleoenvironment[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2003, 15(2):112-117.]
[9]	Henderson A C G, Holmes J A, Zhang J W, et al. A carbon-and oxygen-isotope record of recent environmental change from Qinghai Lake, NE Tibetan Plateau[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2003, 48(14): 1463-1468.
[10]	刘小园. 青海湖流域水文特征[J]. 水文,2004,24(2):60-61.[Liu Xiaoyuan. Hydrological characteristics of Qinghai Lake basin[J]. Hydrology, 2004, 24(2): 60-61.]
[11]	沈吉,刘兴起,Matsumoto R,等. 晚冰期以来青海湖沉积物多指标高分辨率的古气候演化[J]. 中国科学(D 辑):地球科学,2004,34(6):582-589.[Shen Ji, Liu Xingqi, Matsumoto R, et al. A high-resolution climatic change since the Late Glacial Age inferred from multi-proxy of sediments in Qinghai Lake[J]. Science China (Series D): Earth Sciences, 2005, 48(6): 742-751.]
[12]	许长军,侯光良. 利用遥感和地理信息系统对青海湖环湖沙地的研究[J]. 青海大学学报:自然科学版,2005,23(3):63-66.[Xu Changjun, Hou Guangliang. Study of sandlands around Qinghai Lake using remote sensing technique and geography information system[J]. Journal of Qinghai University: Nature Science, 2005, 23(3): 63-66.]
[13]	Ji Junfeng, Shen Ji, Balsam W, et al. Asian monsoon oscillations in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau since the late glacial as interpreted from visible reflectance of Qinghai Lake sediments[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2005, 233(1/2): 61-70.
[14]	李岳坦,李小雁,崔步礼,等. 青海湖流域50年来(1956-2007年)河川径流量变化趋势——以布哈河和沙柳河为例[J]. 湖泊科学,2010,22(5):757-766.[Li Yuetan, Li Xiaoyan, Cui Buli, et al. Trend of stream flow in Lake Qinghai basin during the past 50 years(1956-2007) —Take Buha River and Shaliu River for examples[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2010, 22(5): 757-766.]
[15]	李祥忠,刘卫国. 青海湖意外湖花介(Limnocythere inopinata Bird)壳体稳定氧同位素组成对盐度的可能响应[J]. 湖泊科学,2012,24(4):623-628.[Li Xiangzhong, Liu Weiguo. The stable oxygen isotopic composition of ostracoda Limnocythere inopinata Bird and its possible response to water salinity in Lake Qinghai[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2012, 24(4): 623-628.]
[16]	宋春晖,王新民,师永民,等. 青海湖现代滨岸沉积微相及其特征[J]. 沉积学报,1999,17(1):51-57.[Song Chunhui, Wang Xinmin, Shi Yongmin, et al. Sedimentary characteristics and microfacies of shore zone in Qinghai Lake[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1999, 17(1): 51-57.]
[17]	宋春晖,方小敏,师永民,等. 青海湖西岸风成沙丘特征及成因[J]. 中国沙漠,2000,20(4):443-446.[Song Chunhui, Fang Xiaomin, Shi Yongmin, et al. Characteristics and formation of aeolian dunes on western shore of the Qinghai Lake[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2000, 20(4): 443-446.]
[18]	宋春晖,方小敏,师永民,等. 青海湖现代三角洲沉积特征及形成控制因素[J]. 兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2001, 37(3):112-120.[Song Chunhui, Fang Xiaomin, Shi Yongmin, et al. Sedimentary characteristics of modern lacustrine deltas in Qinghai Lake and their controlling factors[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University: Natural Sciences, 2001, 37(3): 112-120.]
[19]	师永民,王新民,宋春晖. 青海湖湖区风成沙堆积[J]. 沉积学报,1996,14(增刊):234-238. [Shi Yongmin, Wang Xinmin, Song Chunhui. Aeolian deposition in Qinghai Lake area[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1996, 14(Suppl.): 234-238.]
[20]	师永民,董普,张玉广,等. 青海湖现代沉积对岩性油气藏精细勘探的启示[J]. 天然气工业,2008,28(1):53-57.[Shi Yongmin, Dong Pu, Zhang Yuguang, et al. Revelation of modern deposits in Qinghai Lake to precise exploration of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2008, 28(1): 53-57.]
[21]	靳松,朱筱敏,钟大康. 变差函数在沉积微相自动识别中的应用[J]. 石油学报,2006,27(3):57-60.[Jin Song, Zhu Xiaomin, Zhong Dakang. Application of variogram to automatic identification of sedimentary microfacies[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2006, 27(3): 57-60.]
[22]	朱筱敏,信荃麟,张晋仁. 断陷湖盆滩坝储集体沉积特征及沉积模式[J]. 沉积学报,1994,12(2):20-28.[Zhu Xiaomin, Xin Quanlin, Zhang Jinren. Sedimentary characteristics and models of the beach-bar reservoirs in faulted down lacustrine basins[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1994, 12(2): 20-28.]
[23]	李丕龙. 陆相断陷盆地油气地质与勘探[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,2003.[Li Pilong. Petroleum Geology and Exploration of Continental Fault Basin[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2003.]
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Hydrodynamic Control of Sedimentary Systems in Shore Zone of Qinghai Lake

doi: 10.14027/j.cnki.cjxb.2015.01.010

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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