上扬子北缘晚二叠世吴家坪期海洋氧化还原环境重建

雍茹男; 孙诗; 陈安清; 侯明才; 李夔洲; 李乾; 黄光辉; 李雯; 解昊; 陈洪德

doi:10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.119

上扬子北缘晚二叠世吴家坪期海洋氧化还原环境重建

doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.119

雍茹男^{1, 2,},
孙诗^{1, 2, ,},
陈安清^{1, 2},
侯明才^{1, 2},
李夔洲^{1, 2},
李乾^{3, 4},
黄光辉^{1, 2},
李雯^{1, 2},
解昊¹,
陈洪德^{1, 2}

1.
油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室,成都理工大学,成都 610059
2.
自然资源部深时地理环境重建与应用重点实验室,成都理工大学,成都 610059
3.
西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川绵阳 621010
4.
School of Earth Environment,University of Leeds,Leeds UK LS2 9JT

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42402120

国家自然科学基金项目 42272132

成都理工大学优质青年人才培育特支计划 20200-000526-04

成都理工大学珠峰科学研究计划 80000-2024ZF11402

详细信息

作者简介:
雍茹男,女,1999年出生,硕士研究生,地质学,E-mail: yongrunan@stu.cdut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
孙诗,男,研究员,硕士生导师,沉积学,E-mail: sstopwin@163.com

计量

文章访问数: 31
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PDF下载量: 10
被引次数: 0

Reconstruction of Ocean Redox Environment During the Late Permian Wuchiapingian, Northern Margin of Upper Yangtze

YONG RuNan^{1, 2
,},
SUN Shi^{1, 2
, ,},
CHEN AnQing^{1, 2},
HOU MingCai^{1, 2},
LI KuiZhou^{1, 2},
LI Qian^{3, 4},
HUANG GuangHui^{1, 2},
LI Wen^{1, 2},
XIE Hao¹,
CHEN HongDe^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Deep-time Geography and Environment Reconstruction and Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
3.
School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
4.
School of Earth Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 42402120

National Natural Science Foundation of China 42272132

Special Support Program for Cultivating High Quality Young Talents of Chengdu University of Technology 20200-000526-04

Everest Scientific Research Program of Chengdu University of Technology 80000-2024ZF11402

摘要

摘要: 目的瓜德鲁普末期生物灭绝之后,生物多样性在晚二叠世开始逐步恢复增长,进一步确定晚二叠世浅海氧化还原状态和演化规律,有助于厘清该时期生物复苏与海洋氧化还原变化之间的关系。方法选取上扬子北缘具高分辨率时间框架约束的上寺剖面吴家坪阶作为研究对象,开展了沉积学和沉积地球化学研究,重建了晚二叠世吴家坪期海洋氧化还原环境。结果碳酸盐岩铈异常指标和碳同位素在吴家坪期均呈现显著变化,其中碳同位素的正偏和负偏分别对应于晚古生代P4冰期的形成与消融。吴家坪早期生物逐渐复苏导致海洋初级生产力提高和光合作用增强,同时凉爽气候利于洋流循环和氧气交换,该时期整体处于贫氧—氧化环境；吴家坪中期开始,随着气候转暖和晚古生代冰期消亡,海洋通风减弱和海平面上升共同驱动最小含氧带的显著扩张,海洋转变为缺氧环境。结论研究重建了晚二叠世吴家坪期浅海环境的氧化还原结构,揭示了晚二叠世海洋缺氧与同期气候—构造事件的深层联系。
- 晚二叠世 /
- Ce异常 /
- 海洋缺氧 /
- 生物复苏 /
- 上扬子
Abstract: Objective Although the end-Guadalupian extinction is not as well known as the end-Permian extinction, it is regarded as a critical event that resulted in considerable biodiversity loss and significant disruptions to ecosystems. Following the End-Guadalupian extinction, global biodiversity was progressively restored during the Late Permian. Despite this recovery, the intricate relationship between biological resurgence during this era and the redox conditions of palaeo-oceans is still not fully understood. Methods The Wuchiaping Formation located in the Shangsi section of the northern margin of the Yangtze Block with high-resolution time frame constraints was selected as the research object. Petrological and sedimentary geochemical studies were employed to reconstruct the marine redox environment associated with the Wuchiaping Formation in the Late Permian. By examining the rock composition and geochemical signatures of the rock samples, we established key indicators of redox conditions （Ce^*； Ce anomaly）. Additionally, we selected several indicators, including Th, Sc, Y/Ho, and Mn/Sr, to assess whether the redox indicator was influenced by non-redox factors. Results The collected global carbon isotope from the Wuchiapingian of Late Permian consistently exhibited a significant positive bias in the early Wuchiapingian, followed by a notable negative bias in the middle Wuchiapingian changes, indicating that this carbon cycle disturbance event had a worldwide impact. Moreover, this transformation corresponds to changes in seawater redox conditions, showing a close correlation between carbon cycle disturbance events and alteration in redox environments. Through comparison of the stratigraphic framework, the disturbance was found to align with the waxing and waning of P4 glaciation. Based on the systematic changes in the Ce anomaly curve of carbonate rocks, the evolution of marine redox conditions during the Wuchiapingian of Late Permian can be divided into three stages, reflecting three distinct global shifts in climate and environmental conditions. The gradual resurgence of early organisms led to an increase in primary productivity and photosynthesis, and the cooler climate was conducive to ocean circulation and facilitated oxygen exchange, resulting in an oxygen-poor environment. As the climate gradually warmed and the Late Paleozoic ice age ended, the situation began to shift dramatically. The weakening of ocean ventilation, caused by alterations in temperature gradients and circulation patterns, coupled with rising sea levels contributed to the expansion of the minimum oxygen zone, consequently transforming the ocean into an anoxic environment. This shift had profound implications for marine life and the overall health of ocean ecosystems, setting the stage for significant biological upheaval in the ensuing geological periods. Conclusions The study developed a redox model of the shallow marine environment during the Wuchiapingian, providing insight into the interactions between various environmental factors. It highlights a significant connection between the oceanic hypoxia event and the simultaneous biological and geological tectonic activities occurring. By examining these relationships, the research enhances our understanding of how environmental factors influenced marine life and sedimentary processes during this critical period in Earth history.
- Late Permian /
- Ce anomaly /
- ocean anoxia /
- biological recovery /
- Upper Yangtze

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图 1 研究区地质背景

(a) Late Permian global plate reconstruction map^[30]; (b) Late Permian paleographic map of South China ^[25]; (c) geological map of the study area (J. Jurassic, T. Triassic, P₃. Upper Permian, P₂. Middle Permian, and Pz₁. Lower Paleozoic); (d) lithostratigraphic framework with conodont biostratigraphy^[25] and sample positions of the Shangsi section

Figure 1. Geological setting of the study area

Fig.1

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图 2 上寺剖面地层界线及岩石学特征

(a) stratigraphic boundary between the Wuchiaping Formation and Maokou Formation; (b) siliceous strip, Wuchiaping Formation; (c) siliceous mass, Wuchiaping Formation; (d) stratigraphy boundary between the Wuchiaping Formation and Talung Formation; (e) thin layer organic⁃rich mudstone and limestone, Talung Formation; (f) ammonoid, Talung Formation; (g) bioclastic limestone, Wujiaping Formation; (h) micritic limestone, Talung Formation

Figure 2. Stratigraphic boundary and petrological characteristics of the Shangsi section

Fig.2

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图 3 上寺剖面δ¹³C_carb,δ¹⁸O_carb,Ce^*（铈异常）,Th,Sc,Y/Ho,Mn/Sr变化（岩性图例与图1相同,水平虚线表示区间划分）

Figure 3. Variations of δ¹³C_carb (carbon isotopes of carbonate), δ¹⁸O_carb (oxygen isotopes of carbonate), Ce^*(Ce anomaly), Th, Sc, Y/Ho, and Mn/Sr in the Shangsi section (the lithology legends are the same as in Fig.1, horizontal dashed lines represent interval divisions)

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图 4 二元指标协变图

(a) crossplot of δ¹³C_carb and δ¹⁸O_carb;_{(b) crossplot of δ¹³C_carb and Mn/Sr; (c) crossplot of Al and Rare Earth Elements (REE); (d) crossplot of Ti and REE; (e) crossplot of Th and Ce^*; (f) crossplot of Sc and Ce^*; (g) crossplot of Mn/Sr and Ce^*; (h) crossplot of Dy_N/Sm_N and Ce^*}

Figure 4. Binary index crossplots

Fig.4

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图 5 吴家坪阶全球碳同位素对比

1. Shangsi section of South China; 2. Heshan section of South China^[7]; 3. Xikou section of South Qinling^[69]; 4. Sovetashen section of Armenia^[70]; 5. Abadeh section of Iran^[71]; 6. Shahreza section of Iran^[72]; 7. Bowen Basin of Australia^[3]; 8. drill Core ZK15916 of South China^[8]; 9. Portal Moutain section of Antartica ^[73]

Figure 5. Global carbon isotope correlation of the Wuchiaping Formation

Fig.5

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图 6 吴家坪期古海洋环境演化阶段示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram illustrating the Wuchiapingian paleoenvironmental evolution

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0. 引言

晚二叠世是地球历史中的一个关键转折时期,见证了一系列重大生物—环境地质事件：泛大陆的裂解^[1⁃2],晚古生代冰期的结束^[3⁃4],西伯利亚大火成岩省的喷发^[5⁃6],碳循环的强烈扰动^[7⁃8],极热气候事件的出现^[9⁃10]以及二叠纪末生物大灭绝^[11⁃12]。该时期的生物演化与环境变化密切相关,两者之间的相互作用机制已成为深时地球表层系统的研究热点^[13⁃14]。

海洋生物演化与海水氧化还原条件密切相关^[15⁃16],通常氧化环境有利于生物繁衍,缺氧环境不利于生物演化,更为严重的缺氧硫化则直接威胁到生物生存^[17⁃18]。浅海是海洋生物的主要栖息地,重建其氧化还原条件对全面理解海洋环境变化和生物演化之间的联系至关重要^[19⁃20]。晚二叠世吴家坪期是瓜德鲁普晚期生物灭绝之后的生物复苏时期,尽管针对该时期沉积环境、生物演化及气候变化已开展大量研究^[7,21⁃22],但大多聚焦于该时期深水氧化还原状态对地质事件的响应,对于该时期浅海水体氧化还原条件的具体变化过程及驱动机制,仍缺乏明确的认识。

华南板块在晚二叠世保存有完整海相沉积记录^[22⁃23],位于扬子北缘的上寺剖面,是华南二叠系研究程度较高的典型剖面之一^[7,24]。该剖面上二叠统受牙形石生物地层^[25]和凝灰岩放射性同位素年龄^[11]的双重时间约束,为研究该时期古海洋环境变化提供了精确的年代地层框架。前人在该剖面开展了碳酸盐岩同位素和元素地球化学研究^[7,25],但针对古海洋氧化还原条件方面的研究相对较少。碳酸盐岩稀土元素特征已广泛用于重建地质历史时期海水的化学组成,特别是铈异常（Ce^*）不易受到早期成岩作用的影响^[26⁃27],可以作为示踪浅海氧化还原条件的绝佳指标^[28⁃29]。

研究聚焦于华南上扬子北缘的上寺剖面,针对上二叠统吴家坪阶开展沉积学和沉积地球化学研究。基于前人建立的高分辨率时间地层框架,利用碳酸盐岩Ce异常指标,重建了晚二叠世吴家坪期浅海环境的氧化还原演化过程。同时汇总同期相关生命环境指标,进一步探讨该时期的碳循环波动、氧化还原条件及其与气候—构造事件之间的深层联系。

2. 样品及实验方法

在上寺剖面的吴家坪组—大隆组下部系统采集碳酸盐岩样品共计38件,其中来自吴家坪组的样品为23件,来自大隆组下部的样品为15件,具体采样层位见图1c。本研究采集的样品均尽量避开风化、发育次生裂隙和脉体,为岩性均匀的新鲜岩石部分。称取样品约50 g,使用去离子水在超声仪中清洗干净。随后烘干样品,碎至200目以下。最终将所有样品分为两个部分,分别用于碳氧同位素分析和碳酸盐岩主微量元素分析。

2.1. 碳氧同位素分析

碳氧同位素分析在南京宏创勘探技术服务公司完成。具体实验流程是将碳酸盐粉末装入12 mL圆底硼硅酸盐容器中,置于72 ℃恒温样品盘与无水磷酸反应,以氦气为载体将萃取的CO₂送入稳定同位素质谱仪,单个样品累计吹扫10次。使用四种国标（GBW04405、GBW04406、GBW04416和GBW04417）对样品进行校准。执行VPDB标准,δ¹³C_carb的标准偏差优于0.01‰。所有样品碳氧同位素数据可见附表1。

2.2. 主微量元素分析

碳酸盐岩的微量元素地球化学分析在广州澳实矿物实验室完成。将0.05 g样品粉末用1 M乙酸在30 °C的超声波水浴中溶解30 min,然后将溶液在室温下放置12 h。将溶液离心并清洗3次,将残余物烘干并称重以计算溶解百分比。随后将上清液在120 °C下蒸发至接近干燥,并重新溶解在0.2 M HNO₃中。微量元素分析在American PE 5300V上进行。分析过程采用国家标准GBW07314、GBW07315、GBW07316和美国地质调查局玄武岩标准物质6BHVO-2作质量监控,大部分元素结果相对误差小于5%。所有样品的主微量元素数据可见附表2。

5. 结论

（1）根据碳酸盐岩Ce异常指标曲线的系统变化,可以将晚二叠世吴家坪期浅海氧化还原条件演化分为三个阶段：阶段Ⅰ（吴家坪早期）,海水整体趋于贫氧—氧化；阶段Ⅱ（吴家坪中期）,海水转变为强烈缺氧；阶段Ⅲ（吴家坪晚期）,海水性质相较于阶段Ⅰ更为还原。

（2）碳同位素在吴家坪早期呈现显著正偏,随后吴家坪中期又出现明显的负偏,这一碳同位素变化规律在全球不同地区均可以观察到。碳同位素由正偏到负偏的变化对应于海水由弱氧化转变为缺氧条件,表明碳循环扰动事件与氧化还原环境转变密切相关。

（3）吴家坪早期,初级生产力逐渐恢复和海洋通风加强导致海水含氧量增加,海洋处于贫氧—氧化环境；吴家坪中期,气候变暖和海平面上升共同促进最小含氧带的扩张,海洋显著缺氧；吴家坪晚期,构造运动导致沉积水体进一步加深,海水相对缺氧。

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上扬子北缘晚二叠世吴家坪期海洋氧化还原环境重建

doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.119

作者简介:
雍茹男,女,1999年出生,硕士研究生,地质学,E-mail: yongrunan@stu.cdut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
孙诗,男,研究员,硕士生导师,沉积学,E-mail: sstopwin@163.com

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Reconstruction of Ocean Redox Environment During the Late Permian Wuchiapingian, Northern Margin of Upper Yangtze

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上扬子北缘晚二叠世吴家坪期海洋氧化还原环境重建

doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.119

作者简介:
雍茹男,女,1999年出生,硕士研究生,地质学,E-mail: yongrunan@stu.cdut.edu.cn

通讯作者: 孙诗,男,研究员,硕士生导师,沉积学,E-mail: sstopwin@163.com

English Abstract

Reconstruction of Ocean Redox Environment During the Late Permian Wuchiapingian, Northern Margin of Upper Yangtze

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2.1. 碳氧同位素分析

2.2. 主微量元素分析

4.1. 数据评估

4.1.1. 碳同位素评估

4.1.2. Ce异常评估

4.2. 吴家坪期碳同位素偏移事件

4.3. 吴家坪期海洋氧化还原演化机制

目录

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上扬子北缘晚二叠世吴家坪期海洋氧化还原环境重建

doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.119

作者简介: 雍茹男,女,1999年出生,硕士研究生,地质学,E-mail: yongrunan@stu.cdut.edu.cn

通讯作者: 孙诗,男,研究员,硕士生导师,沉积学,E-mail: sstopwin@163.com

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出版历程

Reconstruction of Ocean Redox Environment During the Late Permian Wuchiapingian, Northern Margin of Upper Yangtze

计量

出版历程

目录

上扬子北缘晚二叠世吴家坪期海洋氧化还原环境重建

doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.119

作者简介: 雍茹男,女,1999年出生,硕士研究生,地质学,E-mail: yongrunan@stu.cdut.edu.cn

通讯作者: 孙诗,男,研究员,硕士生导师,沉积学,E-mail: sstopwin@163.com

English Abstract

Reconstruction of Ocean Redox Environment During the Late Permian Wuchiapingian, Northern Margin of Upper Yangtze

全文HTML

2.1. 碳氧同位素分析

2.2. 主微量元素分析

4.1. 数据评估

4.1.1. 碳同位素评估

4.1.2. Ce异常评估

4.2. 吴家坪期碳同位素偏移事件

4.3. 吴家坪期海洋氧化还原演化机制

目录

友情链接

期刊在线

联系我们

作者简介:
雍茹男,女,1999年出生,硕士研究生,地质学,E-mail: yongrunan@stu.cdut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
孙诗,男,研究员,硕士生导师,沉积学,E-mail: sstopwin@163.com

作者简介:
雍茹男,女,1999年出生,硕士研究生,地质学,E-mail: yongrunan@stu.cdut.edu.cn