The Tertiary Stratigraphy Synthesis and Its Tectonic Implications for the Wuwei Basin, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
-
摘要: 武威盆地位于青藏高原东北缘近东西向和近南北向构造转换的过渡地带,是研究青藏高原生长和资源环境效应的关键地区。通过野外考察,以岩石颜色变化为依据,结合区域磁性地层测年结果,对武威盆地西南部出露的原第三系西柳沟组和甘肃群进行了重新划分。原古近系西柳沟组解体为下白垩统河口群、西柳沟组、黄羊河组(新建)和咸水河组,原甘肃群更名为咸水河组。武威盆地地层系统与酒泉盆地古近系—新近系不同,但与兰州盆地相当,地层年代属中始新世—中中新世;武威盆地与兰州盆地发生的时间接近,早期处于同一构造体系,在中新世以后被卷入祁连山北缘冲断带。研究结果为认识青藏高原东北缘沉积—构造演化和油气资源远景提供了基础资料。Abstract: The Wuwei Basin is located in the tectonic transition zone between the approximately E⁃W and N⁃S trends in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, thus is a key region for understanding the growth of the Tibetan Plateau and its effect on the mineral resources. In this study, the Tertiary stratigraphy was investigated and a new stratigraphical synthesis was developed for the Wuwei Basin in terms of the color of the Tertiary strata in the basin and the magnetostratigraphical data for the adjacent basins. The previously named Xiliugou Formation was subdivided into three parts from bottom to top: the Lower Cretaceous Hekou Formation, the Xiliugou Formation (renamed the Huangyanghe Formation in this study) and the Xianshuihe Formation. The Gansu Group is renamed the Xianshuihe Formation. The age was assigned to the Middle Eocene-to-Middle Miocene in accordance with correlation of the lithology of the basin, and magnetostratigraphical data for the adjacent basins. It was found that the Wuwei Basin and the Lanzhou Basin were probably contemporaneous in a uniform tectonic setting, but earlier than and different from the Jiuxi Basin. Subsequently the Wuwei Basin has been affected by the Qilian thrust-fault zone since the Middle Miocene.
-
Key words:
- stratigraphy classification /
- Tertiary /
- tectonic affiliation /
- Wuwei Basin /
- Tibetan Plateau
-
表 1 武威盆地新生代地层划分及周边盆地对比
-
[1] 戴霜. 河西走廊早新生代磁性地层与青藏高原北部早期隆升[D]. 兰州:兰州大学,2003. Dai Shuang. Early uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraint from detailed magnetostratigraphy of Cenozoic Huoshaogou Formation in Hexi Corridor, NW China[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2003. [2] 玉门油田石油地质志编写组. 中国石油地质志:卷十三:玉门油田[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,1989. Petroleum Geology Compilation Group of Yumen Oilfield. Petroleum geology of China: Vol. 13[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1989. [3] 梁世君,王发泰,胡亭,等. 酒泉盆地第三系新的时代划分意见[J]. 石油学报,1992,13(2):102-108. Liang Shijun, Wang Fatai, Hu Ting, et al. A new idea on the division of Tertiary formation in Jiuquan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1992, 13(2): 102-108. [4] 赵志军,方小敏,李吉均. 祁连山北缘酒东盆地晚新生代磁性地层[J]. 中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2001,31(增刊1):195-201. Zhao Zhijun, Fang Xiaomin, Li Jijun. Late Cenozoic magnetic polarity stratigraphy in the Jiudong Basin, northern Qilian Mountain[J]. Science China (Seri. D): Earth Sciences, 2001, 31(Suppl.1): 195-201. [5] 宋春晖,方小敏,高军平,等. 青藏高原东北部贵德盆地新生代沉积演化与构造隆升[J]. 沉积学报,2001,19(4):493-500. Song Chunhui, Fang Xiaomin, Gao Junping, et al. Tectonic uplift and sedimentary evolution of the Guide Basin in the northeast margin of Tibetan Plateau in Cenozoic era[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2001, 19(4): 493-500. [6] Fang X M, Zhao Z J, Li J J, et al. Magnetostratigraphy of the Late Cenozoic Laojunmiao anticline in the northern Qilian Mountains and its implications for the northern Tibetan Plateau uplift[J]. Science China (Seri. D): Earth Sciences, 2005, 48(7): 1040-1051. [7] 陆洁民,郭召杰,赵泽辉,等. 新生代酒西盆地沉积特征及其与祁连山隆升关系的研究[J]. 高校地质学报,2004,10(1):50-61. Lu Jiemin, Guo Zhaojie, Zhao Zehui, et al. Cenozoic sedimentation characteristics of Jiuxi Basin and uplift history of northern Qilian Mountain[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2004, 10(1): 50-61. [8] Dai S, Fang X M, Song C H, et al. Early tectonic uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2005, 50(15): 1642-1652. [9] Fang X M, Liu D L, Song C H, et al. Oligocene slow and Miocene⁃Quaternary rapid deformation and uplift of the Yumu Shan and North Qilian Shan: Evidence from high-resolution magnetostratigraphy and tectonosedimentology[J]. Geological Society, 2013, 373(1): 149-171. [10] Wang W T, Zhang P Z, Pang J Z, et al. The Cenozoic growth of the Qilian Shan in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau: A sedimentary archive from the Jiuxi Basin[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2016, 121(4): 2235-2257. [11] An K X, Lin X B, Wu L, et al. An immediate response to the Indian-Eurasian collision along the northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from apatite fission track analysis in the Kuantan Shan-Hei Shan[J]. Tectonophysics, 2020, 774: 228278. [12] Zhao Z J, Granger D E, Chen Y, et al. Cosmogenic nuclide burial dating of an alluvial conglomerate sequence: An example from the Hexi Corridor, NE Tibetan Plateau[J]. Quaternary Geochronology, 2017, 39: 68-78. [13] 谢志清. 西北地区侏罗纪含煤盆地的构造性质与构造类型[J]. 中国煤田地质,2002,14(4):6-8,30. Xie Zhiqing. Struetural nature and structural type of Jurassic coal basins in north-western China region[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2002, 14(4): 6-8, 30. [14] 阎存凤,袁剑英. 武威盆地石炭系沉积环境及含油气远景[J]. 天然气地球科学,2011,22(2):267-274. Yan Cunfeng, Yuan Jianying. Sedimentary environment and hydrocarbon potential of Carboniferous in Wuwei Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2011, 22(2): 267-274. [15] 胡峰,龙思萍,王雪梅,等. 武威盆地儿马湖凹陷石炭系页岩气资源潜力及沉积相分析[J]. 复杂油气藏,2019,12(4):19-23. Hu Feng, Long Siping, Wang Xuemei, et al. Resource potential and sedimentary facies of Carboniferous system shale gas of Ermahu Depression in Wuwei Basin[J]. Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs, 2019, 12(4): 19-23. [16] 王伴月,邱占祥. 甘肃兰州盆地咸水河组下红泥岩中的小哺乳动物化石[J]. 古脊椎动物学报,2000,38(4):255-273. Wang Banyue, Qiu Zhanxiang. Micromammal fossils from red mudstone of Lower member of Xianshuihe Formation in Lanzhou Basin, China[J]. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2000, 38(4): 255-273. [17] 王伴月,邱占祥. 甘肃兰州盆地咸水河组下段红色泥岩中的跳鼠化石[J]. 古脊椎动物学报,2000,38(1):10-35. Wang Banyue, Qiu Zhanxiang. Dipodidae (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Lower member of Xianshuihe Formation in Lanzhou Basin, Gansu, China[J]. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2000, 38(1): 10-35. [18] 颉光普. 甘肃兰州盆地第三系咸水河组的双壳类[J]. 古生物学报,1999,38(1):94-101. Xie Guangpu. Tertiary bivalves from the Xianshuihe Formation of Lanzhou Basin, Gansu[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 1999, 38(1): 94-101. [19] 颉光普. 甘肃兰州盆地的第三纪地层及哺乳动物群[J]. 地层学杂志,2004,28(1):67-80. Xie Guangpu. The Tertiary and local mammalian faunas in Lanzhou Basin, Gansu[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2004, 28(1): 67-80. [20] 邱占祥,谷祖纲. 甘肃兰州—第三纪中期哺乳动物化石地点[J]. 古脊椎动物学报,1988,26(3):198-213. Qiu Zhanxiang, Gu Zugang. A new locality yielding Mid-Tertiary mammals near Lanzhou, Gansu[J]. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 1988, 26(3): 198-213. [21] 邱占祥,谢骏义,阎德发. 甘肃东乡几种早中新世哺乳动物化石[J]. 古脊椎动物学报,1990,28(1):9-24. Qiu Zhanxiang, Xie Junyi, Yan Defa. Discovery of some Early Miocene Mammalian fossils from Dongxiang, Gansu[J]. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 1990, 28(1): 9-24. [22] 耿宝印,陶君容,颉光普. 兰州盆地早第三纪植物及古气候意义[J]. 植物分类学报,2001,39(2):105-115. Geng Baoyin, Tao Junrong, Xie Guangpu. Early Tertiary fossil plants and paleoclimate of Lanzhou Basin[J]. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica, 2001, 39(2): 105-115. [23] 邱铸鼎. 甘肃兰州盆地中中新世泉头沟动物群的睡鼠类和沙鼠类[J]. 古脊椎动物学报,2001,39(4):297-305. Qiu Zhuding. Glirid and gerbillid rodents from the Middle Miocene Quantougou fauna of Lanzhou, Gansu[J]. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2001, 39(4): 297-305. [24] Jiang H C, Ding Z L, Xiong S F. Magnetostratigraphy of the Neogene Sikouzi section at Guyuan, Ningxia, China[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2007, 243(1/2): 223-234. [25] Wang W T, Zhang P Z, Kirby E, et al. A revised chronology for Tertiary sedimentation in the Sikouzi Basin: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the northeastern corner of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Tectonophysics, 2011, 505(1/2/3/4): 100-114. [26] 岳乐平, Heller F,邱占祥,等. 兰州盆地第三系磁性地层年代与古环境记录[J]. 科学通报,2000,45(18):1998-2003. Yue Leping, Heller F, Qiu Zhanxiang, et al. Magnetostratigraphy and pavleo-environmental record of Tertiary deposits of Lanzhou Basin[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2000, 45(18): 1998-2003. [27] Wang W T, Zhang P Z, Liu C C, et al. Pulsed growth of the West Qinling at ~30 Ma in northeastern Tibet: Evidence from Lanzhou Basin magnetostratigraphy and provenance[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2016, 121(11): 7754-7774. [28] 韩鹏,刘池洋,高飞,等. 宁南盆地新生界寺口子组磁性地层学研究[J]. 地层学杂志,2008,32(3):315-320. Han Peng, Liu Chiyang, Gao Fei, et al. A paleomagnetic study of the Cenozoic Sikouzi Formation in Guyuan, Ningxia[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2008, 32(3): 315-320. [29] 岳乐平,邱占祥,颉光普,等. 兰州盆地永登剖面记录的第三纪沉积环境[J]. 沉积学报,2003,21(4):683-687,694. Yue Leping, Qiu Zhanxiang, Xie Guangpu, et al. Sedimentary environment of Tertiary recorded in the Yongdeng section of Lanzhou Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21(4): 683-687, 694. [30] Feng Z T, Zhang W L, Fang X M, et al. Eocene deformation of the NE Tibetan Plateau: Indications from magnetostratigraphic constraints on the oldest sedimentary sequence in the Linxia Basin[J]. Gondwana Research, 2022, 101: 77-93. [31] Dai S, Fang X M, Dupont-Nivet G, et al. Magnetostratigraphy of Cenozoic sediments from the Xining Basin: Tectonic implications for the northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2006, 111(B11): B11102. [32] 方小敏,宋春晖,戴霜,等. 青藏高原东北部阶段性变形隆升:西宁、贵德盆地高精度磁性地层和盆地演化记录[J]. 地学前缘,2007,14(1):230-242. Fang Xiaomin, Song Chunhui, Dai Shuang, et al. Cenozoic deformation and uplift of the NE Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Evidence from high-resolution magnetostratigraphy and basin evolution[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14(1): 230-242. [33] Fang X M, Fang Y H, Zan J B, et al. Cenozoic magnetostratigraphy of the Xining Basin, NE Tibetan Plateau, and its constraints on paleontological, sedimentological and tectonomorphological evolution[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2019, 190: 460-485. [34] 方小敏,李吉均,朱俊杰,等. 甘肃临夏盆地新生代地层绝对年代测定与划分[J]. 科学通报,1997,42(14):1457-1471. Fang Xiaomin, Li Jijun, Zhu Junjie, et al. Absolute age determination and division of the Cenozoic stratigraphy in the Linxia Basin, Gansu province, China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1997, 42(14): 1457-1471. [35] Fang X M, Garzione C, van Der Voo R, et al. Flexural subsidence by 29 Ma on the NE edge of Tibet from the magnetostratigraphy of Linxia Basin, China[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2003, 210(3/4): 545-560. [36] Fang X M, Wang J Y, Zhang W L, et al. Tectonosedimentary evolution model of an intracontinental flexural (foreland) basin for paleoclimatic research[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2016, 145: 78-97. [37] Wang Z X, Zhang Z, Huang C J, et al. Astronomical forcing of lake evolution in the Lanzhou Basin during Early Miocene Period[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2021, 554: 116648. [38] 甘肃省地质调查院. 1:25万地质调查报告《武威幅》[R]. 2008. Geological Survey Bureau of Gansu Province. 1: 250000 report of regional geological survey, Wuwei[R]. 2008. [39] 杨雨. 甘肃省岩石地层[M]. 武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997. Yang Yu. Stratigraphy(lithostratic) of Gansu province[M]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 1997. [40] 甘肃省地质局区域地质调查队. 甘肃的第三系[J]. 甘肃地质,1984,2:1-40. Regional Geological Survey Team. Tertiary system of Gansu[J]. Gansu Geology, 1984,2: 1-40. [41] Gradstein F M, Ogg J G, Schmitz M D, et al. Geologic time scale 2020[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2020: 159-192. [42] Métivier F, Gaudemer Y, Tapponnier P, et al. Northeastward growth of the Tibet Plateau deduced from balanced reconstruction of two depositional areas: The Qaidam and Hexi Corridor Basins, China[J]. Tectonics, 1998, 17(6): 823-842. [43] Meyer B, Tapponnier P, Bourjot L, et al. Crustal thickening in Gansu-Qinghai, lithospheric mantle subduction, and oblique, strike-slip controlled growth of the Tibet Plateau[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1998, 135(1): 1-47. [44] Tapponnier P, Meyer B, Avouac J P, et al. Active thrusting and folding in the Qilian Shan, and decoupling between upper crust and mantle in northeastern Tibet[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1990, 97(3/4): 382-383, 387-403. [45] Yin A, Harrison T M. Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2000, 28: 211-280. [46] 潘良云,谢结来,李明杰,等. 酒泉盆地白垩纪—新生代区域构造演化与油气勘探[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2006,27(1):62-69. Pan Liangyun, Xie Jielai, Li Mingjie, et al. Cretaceous-Cenozoic regional tectonic evolution in Jiuquan Basin and petroleum exploration[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2006, 27(1): 62-69. [47] 潘良云,曾佐勋,李明杰,等. 酒泉中新生代断坳叠合盆地及控油作用[J]. 地质学报,2012,86(4):535-547. Pan Liangyun, Zeng Zuoxun, Li Mingjie, et al. Mesozoic and Cenozoic fault superposition basin in Jiuquan and its oil-controlling significance[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2012, 86(4): 535-547. [48] 王成善,朱利东,刘志飞. 青藏高原北部盆地构造沉积演化与高原向北生长过程[J]. 地球科学进展,2004,19(3):373-381. Wang Chengshan, Zhu Lidong, Liu Zhifei. Tectonic and sedimentary evolution of basins in the north of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and northward growing process of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2004, 19(3): 373-381. [49] 宋博文,徐亚东,梁银平,等. 中国西部新生代沉积盆地演化[J]. 地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2014,39(8):1035-1051. Song Bowen, Xu Yadong, Liang Yinping, et al. Evolution of Cenozoic sedimentary basins in western China[J]. Earth Science: Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2014, 39(8): 1035-1051. [50] 马丽芳,鲍晶,应红,等. 祁连山北缘酒西盆地新生代沉积通量变化对周缘山体构造隆升—风化剥蚀历史的响应[J]. 沉积学报,2016,34(1):49-57. Ma Lifang, Bao Jing, Ying Hong, et al. The response of sediment flux of Jiuxi Basin in the northern boundary of Qilian to the tectonic uplift and weathering-denudation history[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2016, 34(1): 49-57. [51] 杨树锋,陈汉林,程晓敢,等. 祁连山北缘冲断带的特征与空间变化规律[J]. 地学前缘,2007,14(5):211-221. Yang Shufeng, Chen Hanlin, Cheng Xiaogan, et al. Deformation characteristics and rules of spatial change for the northern Qilianshan thrust belt[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14(5): 211-221. [52] 李蔚琳,程惠红,张怀,等. 河西走廊系列盆地构造演化的三维数值模拟[J]. 中国科学院大学学报,2019,36(2):196-207. Li Weilin, Cheng Huihong, Zhang Huai, et al. Three-dimensional numerical modeling of the tectonic evolution of the serial basins in the Hexi Corridor in Northwest China[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019, 36(2): 196-207.