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川中高科1井灯三段厚54 m,深度段为5 358~5 412 m,其中混积岩厚度总计为48 m。川中高科1井灯三段底部沉积一套砂质白云岩,厚度为16 m,见揉皱变形构造,石英粒径0.5~2 mm,分选中等,磨圆较好,呈次棱角状—次圆状,石英含量约占28%,为高度混积岩;向上出现含砂白云岩,厚度为12 m,石英粒径0.5~1 mm,分选中等,磨圆较好,次圆状,石英含量约占23%,为混积型碳酸盐岩;中部发育一套纹层状含砂白云岩,厚度13 m,以纹层结构为主,石英粒径0.1~1 mm,分选中等,次圆状,石英含量15%,为混积型碳酸盐岩;向上为纹层状泥晶白云岩,厚度约7 m,晶粒结构,石英粒径0.05~0.1 mm,含量约占7%,为低度混积的混积型碳酸盐岩;顶部为一套纯泥晶白云岩,厚度为6 m,未见石英颗粒,混积作用不发育。即高科1井自下而上石英含量逐渐降低,混积作用逐渐减弱,混积岩类型从高度混积岩逐渐演变为混积型碳酸盐岩,顶部为纯碳酸盐岩,属于浅水陆棚沉积(图 5)。
图 5 川中高科1井灯三段沉积相综合柱状图
Figure 5. Comprehensive histogram of the sedimentary facies of the third member of well Gaoke 1, central Sichuan
川北杨坝灯三段整体厚度为64.1 m,其中混积岩厚度总计为64.1 m,自下而上为46、47、48层。川北杨坝剖面灯三段底部主要为一套砂岩沉积,厚度约9 m,陆源碎屑以石英为主,分选差,次棱角状,石英粒径1~2 mm,石英含量80%,可见少量的碳酸盐岩,为低度混积的混积型碎屑岩;向上发育一套粉砂质泥岩,厚度约4.6 m,石英粒径0.5~2 mm,分选中等,棱角状—次棱角状,石英含量75%,为混积型碎屑岩;向上沉积一套硅质含砂泥岩,厚度35.5 m,石英粒径0.5~1 mm,部分可达2 mm,分选中等,次棱角—次圆状,石英含量60%,为混积型碎屑岩;顶部为一套砂质白云岩,厚度约15 m,石英粒径0.1~1 mm,分选中等,次棱角—次圆状,石英含量30%,为高度混积岩。杨坝剖面石英含量自下而上逐渐减少,混积作用逐渐增强,由混积型碎屑岩逐渐演变为高度混积岩(图 6)。
图 6 川北杨坝剖面灯三段沉积相综合柱状图
Figure 6. Comprehensive histogram of the sedimentary facies of the third member of the Dengba section, North Sichuan Basin
通过川中高科1井、川北杨坝剖面灯三段混积特征的对比研究发现(表 1),川中高科1井灯三段的石英粒径、含量均低于川北杨坝剖面灯三段,川中灯三段石英常呈次圆状—圆状,川北灯三段石英常呈棱角状—次棱角状,指示川中灯三段陆源碎屑较川北灯三段陆源碎屑搬运距离更长,即川中为远物源区,川北为近物源区。
表 1 四川盆地中部和北部灯影组混合沉积纵向特征对比
Table 1. Comparison of longitudinal characteristics of mixed sediments in the third member of the Dengying Formation, central and northern Sichuan Basin
混合沉积 川中高科1井 川北杨坝剖面 混积岩厚度 48 m 64.1 m 主要陆源碎屑成分 石英 石英 含量 7%~28% 30%~80% 分选 中等 中—差 磨圆 次棱角状—次圆状 棱角状—次棱角状 分布特征 分布于裂缝内或镶嵌于碳酸盐岩颗粒间 星点状、条带状 混积强度 1、2级低度混积为主,见3级高度混积 3、4级高度混积为主,见2级低度混积 混积岩类型 高度混积岩、混积型碳酸盐岩 高度混积岩、混积型碎屑岩 混合沉积类型 复合式混积Ⅱ类 复合式混积Ⅱ类
Mixed Sedimentary Characteristics of the Third Member of Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin, and Its Geological Significance
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摘要: 四川盆地灯影组三段混积现象较发育。以川中高科1井、川北杨坝剖面和宁强高家山剖面作为研究对象,通过剖面实测、岩芯观察及薄片鉴定,对四川盆地灯影组三段的混合沉积特征进行了对比研究。研究结果表明:灯影组三段混积岩主要为纹层状泥晶白云岩、纹层状含砂白云岩、含砂白云岩、砂质白云岩以及砂岩等,发育混积型碎屑岩、混积型碳酸盐岩以及高度混积岩三类;混合沉积类型为复合式混合沉积Ⅱ类。四川盆地灯影组三段混积作用受控于气候条件、构造运动、水动力条件、海平面升降以及物源供给等众多因素,且它们互相影响,共同作用。结合混积类型、混积强度以及沉积环境等因素,建立了灯影组三段的混积陆棚模式,指示其陆源碎屑系风暴流等从汉南古陆携带而来,侧面证明灯三段沉积时期,汉南古陆已发生隆起,为四川盆地提供陆源碎屑,这为恢复四川盆地灯影组沉积构造格局提供了参考。Abstract: A three-stage mixing phenomenon in the Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin, is clearly developed. This study considered the Chuanzhong Gaoke 1 Well and Chuanbei Yangba and Ningqiang Gaojiashan sections. The mixed sedimentary characteristics of the third member of the Dengying Formation were studied by detailed section measurements, core observation and thin-section identification. It was found that the three-stage mixed rock in the Dengying Formation mainly comprises stratiform layered muddy dolomite, stratified sand-bearing dolomite, sand-bearing dolomite, sandy dolomite and sandstone, etc., and the development of mixed types of clastic and carbonate rocks and highly mixed rock(composite mixed sediments Ⅱ). The mixing was controlled by the interaction of many factors:climatic conditions, tectonic movement, hydrodynamic conditions, sea level rise and sediment supply. Combining the factors of mixing type and intensity together with the sedimentary environment, a mixed shelf sedimentary model was established. This indicated terrestrial debris system storm flow from the ancient Hannan land which was uplifted and became the source of terrestrial debris in the Sichuan Basin. This finding provides a reference for restoring the sedimentary and tectonic patterns of the Dengying Formation.
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图 1 (a)四川盆地及周缘地区灯三段岩相古地理图(据文献[38]修改);(b)杨坝剖面灯影组沉积相综合柱状图
Figure 1. (a) The lithofacies palaeogeographic map of third member of Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin and surrounding area(modified from reference[38]); (b) Comprehensive histogram of Yangba section, Dengying Formation sedimentary facies
图 2 四川盆地灯影组三段岩石学特征
(a)深灰色纹层状泥晶白云岩,16-28/49,5 366 m,高科1井;(b)灰色纹层状含砂白云岩,17-65/86,5 378 m,高科1井;(c)含砂泥晶白云岩,18-84/90,5 389 m,高科1井;(d)砂质白云岩,见小型丘状交错层理,39层,宁强高家山剖面;(e)蓝灰色泥质砂岩,具平行层理,无分选,见粗粒石英漂浮,39层,宁强高家山剖面;(f)石英粗砂岩,滨岸砂,58层,宁强高家山剖面;(g)纹层状泥晶白云岩,石英呈星点状镶嵌于碳酸盐岩基质中,GK1-63,5 368 m,×5,单偏光,高科1井;(h)纹层状泥晶白云岩,裂缝边缘两期石英充填,GK1-66,5 366 m,×5,正交光,高科1井;(i)纹层状含砂泥晶白云岩,GK1-51,5 378 m,×5,正交光,高科1井;(j)含砂粉晶白云岩,GK1-55,5 375 m,×5,正交光,高科1井;(k)纹层状砂质白云岩,石英呈条带状分布,YBC-46-1-1B,×2.5,单偏光,杨坝剖面;(l)沥青,YBC-46-1-1B,×10,单偏光,杨坝剖面;(m)多晶石英,见两期石英充填,GK1-21,5 400 m,×5,正交光,高科1;(n)砂岩,YBC-45-1-2B,×2.5,正交光,杨坝剖面;(o)砂岩,YBC-46-3B,×2.5,正交光,杨坝剖面
Figure 2. Petrological characteristics of the third member of Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin
图 3 四川盆地灯影组三段混积岩类型
(a)黄灰色中—厚层状砂岩,46层,灯三段,杨坝剖面;(b)灰色纹层状含砂粉晶白云岩,17-75/86,5 380 m,灯三段,高科1井;(c)中浅灰色砂质泥晶白云岩,19-79/110,5 410 m,灯三段,高科1井;(d)石英砂岩,YBC-46-1-2b,×5,正交光,灯三段,杨坝剖面;(e)纹层状含砂泥晶白云岩,GK1-50,5 380 m,×5,正交光,灯三段,高科1井;(f)砂质白云岩,GK1-28,5 410 m,×5,单偏光,灯三段,高科1井
Figure 3. Mixed rock types in the third member of Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin
图 4 四川盆地灯影组三段混合沉积特征
(a)重力流下切水道沉积,角砾在砂质基质中呈杂乱状分布,南江杨坝剖面;(b)碎屑流沉积,白云质砾石呈漂浮状,陆源砂质支撑,南江杨坝剖面;(c)低密度浊流沉积,具递变层理和平行层理,为鲍马序列A、E段,南江杨坝剖面;(d)鲍马序列A、B段,A段为杂砂岩段,具递变层理,底部为粗砂岩,向上粒度逐渐变细,B段见平行层理,属于浊流沉积标志,南江杨坝剖面;(e)近源砂质风暴岩见风暴涡流沉积标志,见丘状交错层理和旋涡状排列(黄色虚线),具起伏较大的侵蚀界面,指示风暴衰减期,南江杨坝剖面;(f)丘状交错层理(黄色虚线),风暴沉积标志,南江杨坝剖面;(g)底冲刷面(红色实线),风暴流沉积的标志,南江杨坝剖面;(h)底冲刷面(红色实线),底冲刷面上见鲍马序列A段,为杂砂岩段,见递变层理,粒度向上逐渐变细,B段见平行层理,为浊流沉积标志,宁强高家山剖面;(i)鲍马序列A、B段,A段为杂砂岩,具递变层理,向上粒度逐渐变细,B段为细砂岩,见平行层理,可见三期浊流沉积,宁强高家山剖面;(j)鲍马序列A、B段,A段为杂砂岩,具递变层理,向上粒度逐渐变细,B段为细砂岩,见平行层理,宁强高家山剖面;(k)泥质粉砂岩见低密度浊流沉积标志,具递变层理和平行层理,为鲍马序列A、E段,宁强高家山剖面;(l)丘状交错层理(黄色虚线),底冲刷面(红色实线),指示风暴沉积,宁强高家山剖面
Figure 4. Mixed sedimentary characteristics of the third member of Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin
表 1 四川盆地中部和北部灯影组混合沉积纵向特征对比
Table 1. Comparison of longitudinal characteristics of mixed sediments in the third member of the Dengying Formation, central and northern Sichuan Basin
混合沉积 川中高科1井 川北杨坝剖面 混积岩厚度 48 m 64.1 m 主要陆源碎屑成分 石英 石英 含量 7%~28% 30%~80% 分选 中等 中—差 磨圆 次棱角状—次圆状 棱角状—次棱角状 分布特征 分布于裂缝内或镶嵌于碳酸盐岩颗粒间 星点状、条带状 混积强度 1、2级低度混积为主,见3级高度混积 3、4级高度混积为主,见2级低度混积 混积岩类型 高度混积岩、混积型碳酸盐岩 高度混积岩、混积型碎屑岩 混合沉积类型 复合式混积Ⅱ类 复合式混积Ⅱ类 -
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