Characteristics of Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures and Their Paleoenvironmental Significance from the Mesoproterozoic Yunmengshan Formation in Lushan Area, Western Henan
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摘要: 前寒武纪的生物界是以微生物为主导的,微生物所引起的生物沉积构造的研究一直受到地质学家重视。以往的研究多集中在碳酸盐岩地层,近年来以发育在碎屑岩地层为主的微生物成因沉积构造(MISS)也成为地学界的研究热点之一。豫西鲁山地区云梦山组隶属于中元古界汝阳群,在构造古地理上属于华北地台南缘,主要为一套陆源碎屑岩沉积,其层面发育了大量的MISS,且类型多样。MISS类型的分布特征对精细环境有良好的指示作用;MISS的大量发育表明了当时微生物群落的繁盛,揭示了当时的微生物群落对古环境具有的强大改造功能。
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关键词:
- 微生物成因沉积构造(MISS) /
- 鲁山地区 /
- 云梦山组 /
- 古环境
Abstract: The Precambrian biosphere was dominated by microorganisms. The study of biosedimentary structures caused by such microorganisms has always been paid great attention by geologists; however, previous studies have tended to be mainly focused on carbonate strata, and in recent years showed a particular interest in Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures (MISS), which are mainly developed in clastic strata. The Yunmengshan Formation in the Lushan area consists mainly of a set of Mesoproterozoic clastic strata. At the base of the Ruyang Group, the formation lies at the southern margin of the North China Platform. MISS are especially abundant in the bedding surface, and display a large range of morphologies. Various types of MISS distribution indicate the paleoenvironment in detail. The extensive development of MISS in the Yunmengshan Formation reveals a flourishing microbial community at that time, which provides strong evidence for reconstructing the ancient environment. -
图 3 鲁山剖面云梦山组微生物成因沉积构造发育类型举例
(a)~(d)示多种席裂构造〔(a)(b)纺锤状脱水裂痕;(c)多边形网状脱水裂痕;(d)曲形脱水裂痕〕;(e)波痕补丁;(f)砂火山(黑色箭头所示);(g)象皮构造;(h)肯尼亚波痕;(i)微生物席砂片;(j)气隆构造
Figure 3. Examples of MISS from the Yunmengshan Formation, Lushan section
(a)-(d) various mat cracks: [(a), (b) spindle-shaped desiccation cracks; (c) polygonal desiccation cracks; (d) curved desiccation cracks]; (e) patchy ripples; (f) sand volcanos (black arrows); (g) old elephant skins; (h) kinneyia ripples; (i) mat chips; (j) gas domes
图 4 云梦山组微生物成因沉积构造在鲁山剖面的发育特征
(a)~(c)示MISS在相邻层面的多次发育;(d)微生物席纹层;(e)MISS显微观察可见波状微生物席层、定向颗粒层等微结构类型(单偏光);(f)矿物层(见明显的褐铁矿堆积,和微生物新陈代谢相关)(单偏光)
Figure 4. Developmental characteristics of MISS from the Yunmengshan Formation, Lushan section
(a)⁃(c) Multiple development of MISS at adjacent layers; (d) mat biolaminite; (e) microstructures of MISS observed by mono⁃polarizing microscope (wavy crinkled laminae; oriented grains; etc) evidenced by the presence of the microbial mat; (f) bound minerals in mat layer through mono⁃polarizing microscope(limonite accumulation related to microbial metabolism)
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