Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures (MISS) in Mesoproterozoic Changzhougou Formation Sandstone, Xingcheng Area, Liaoning Province, China
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摘要: 辽宁兴城夹山中元古界常州沟组潮间带相砂岩层面产出裂隙状构造。这些构造由0.8~3 cm长的纺锤状短裂隙和超过7 cm的长延伸裂隙组成,孤立为主,部分相连。通过与类似的层面裂隙和现代微生物席干缩裂隙的比较分析,将其解释为微生物成因沉积构造分类体系中的收缩裂隙(Shrinkage crack),并参考席裂多边形(Mat-crack polygon)的术语称其为席裂(Mat-crack)。微生物席在脱水不充分的情况下形成纺锤状席裂,脱水充分的情况下形成席裂多边形。这些构造在常州沟组的出现,表明微生物生态系统在华北克拉通中元古代海侵初期已经开始影响古海岸带的地质作用,这对于恢复燕山裂陷槽盆地的生物—沉积作用和环境演化具有重要意义。Abstract: Numerous crack structures are found in the intertidal facies sandstone of the Mesoproterozoic Changzhougou Formation in Jiashan, Xingcheng area, Liaoning Province. The structures comprise 0.8-3.0 cm spindle-shaped short cracks, and extended cracks over 7 cm long. They are mainly isolated, some partially connected. By comparing them with other similar surface crack structures and the desiccation cracks developed in modern microbial mats, they are explained as shrinkage cracks in microbial mats ('mat-cracks'). Unconnected spindle-shaped mat-cracks indicate incomplete mat shrinkage; mat-crack polygons form when shrinkage is complete. The presence of MISS indicates that the microbial ecosystem was already affecting the paleocoastal geological processes during the early transgression stage of the North China Craton in the Mesoproterozoic. This information is crucial for reconstructing the biosedimentary mechanisms and paleoenvironment of the aulacogenic Yanshan Basin during its early evolution.
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Key words:
- mat-crack /
- paleoenvironment /
- intertidal /
- Precambrian /
- Changchengian System
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图 2 兴城地区长城系与夹山西剖面常州沟组沉积序列柱状图(左侧长城系整体的序列据夹山、首山、茶棚庵、磨盘山、望海寺等剖面综合而成)
Figure 2. The columns of the Changchengian System in Xingcheng area and the sedimentary sequence of Changzhougou Formation in West Jiashan Section. Left: Sequences of Changchengian System compiled from Jiashan, Shoushan, Chapengan, Mopanshan and Wanghaisi sections
图 3 兴城夹山西剖面常州沟组砂岩层面上的席裂构造
(a)砂岩层面席裂构造宏观视域;(b)具席裂构造砂岩侧面,粗粒砂岩与灰黑色泥质、粉砂质纹层互层,具透镜状层理;(c)纺锤状的席裂构造;(d)纺锤状的席裂构造,相互间孤立或者交割现象均存在
Figure 3. Microbial mat crack structures on the sandstone surface of the Changzhougou Formation in West Jiashan Section, Xingcheng
(a) macro view of mat-cracks on the sandstone surface; (b) edge-on view of the sandstone bearing mat-cracks; (c) spindle-shaped mat-cracks; (d) both iso- lated and connected spindle-shaped mat-cracks
图 4 常州沟组裂隙状MISS构造与类似构造的对比
(a)常州沟组席裂构造;(b)现代席裂构造;(c)现代泥裂构造;(d)现代席裂构造,程度不一致的脱水席裂;(e)天津蓟县串岭沟组席裂构造/纺锤状裂隙;(f)现代席裂构造
Figure 4. Comparison between mat-cracks in the Changzhougou Formation and similar structures
(a) mat-cracks from the Changzhougou Formation; (b) mat-cracks in modern setting; (c) mud-cracks in modern setting; (d) mat-cracks in modern setting, showing uneven shrinkage; (e) mat-cracks from the Chuanlinggou Formation in Jixian, Tianjin; (f) mat-cracks in modern setting
图 5 兴城地区常州沟组含席裂层位沉积特征和大红峪组席裂构造
(a)常州沟组含席裂层位岩性,箭头指示席裂构造位置;(b)常州沟组同沉积软变形和小断层构造;(c)砂质充填的席裂相关裂隙,均为上层面,砂质充填向上凸起;(d)席裂中充填的砂质脉,所示为上层面;(e)大红峪组中部的席裂构造;(f)大红峪组席裂构造岩性镜下特征,可看到多个微生物席残留碎屑纹层;(g)大红峪组含席裂构造岩层侧面,古地震成因?泄水砂脉构造;(h)大红峪组席裂构造;(e)~(h)为同一层位
Figure 5. Sedimentary characteristics of the mat-crack bed in the Changzhougou Formation and in the Xingcheng area of the Dahongyu Formation
(a) lithic sequence of the crack-bearing bed of the Changzhougou Formation(arrow points to the cracks); (b) syndepositional soft deformation and small fault; (c) sand-filled cracks, upper level(sand fill is embossed); (d) sand vein in mat-crack, upper surface; (e) mat-cracks from mid-Dahongyu Forma-tion; (f) microstructures in rock with mat-cracks from the Dahongyu Formation, showing several laminae of residues of mat; (g) side view of mat-crack bearing rock of Dahongyu Formation with many water-escape veins, possibly resulting from paleoseismic event; (h) mat-cracks in Dahongyu Formation. (Photographs (e) (f) (g) and (h) are from the same horizon and locality)
图 6 沉积岩层面或剖面可见的部分典型裂隙状构造示意图(图中(a)(b)(c)(i)(n)(o)(r)(s)据McMahon et al.[77];(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)(j)(k)(l)(m)据Pratt[74];(p)(q)据乔秀夫等[76])
(a)孤立的定向排列纺锤形;(b)分枝纺锤形和三连接鸟足状;(c)部分连接的分枝状;(d)近平行透镜状,交割;(e)不完全多边形;(f)近平行,不规则透镜状;(g)多边形及平行透镜状;(h)不规则网状和透镜状;(i)接的分支和多边形;(j)波谷正弦曲线(类似假化石Manchuriophycus);(k)直角网状;(l)多边形;(m)多边形;(n)花纹状裂隙;(o)波谷正弦曲线;(p)液化脉;(q)液化脉;(r)泥岩中上下变尖的肠状褶皱砂质充填裂隙;(s)灰岩中上下变尖的肠状褶皱微粒充填裂隙(臼齿状构造),扰动了背景纹层;(t)泥裂;(u)本文描述的席裂构造侧视示意图。比例尺长5 cm
Figure 6. Sketches of typical crack structures seen on the surface and in lateral profile of sedimentary rocks: (a), (b), (c), (i), (n), (o), (r) and (s) after McMahon et al.[77]; (d)-(h), (j)-(m) after Pratt[74]; (p) and (q) after Qiao et al.[76]
(a) isolated aligned spindles; (b) branching spindles and triple-junction“bird’ s feet” ; (c) partially connected branches; (d) sub-parallel lenticular, cross-cutting; (e) incom-plete polygonal; (f) sub-parallel, irregularly lenticular; (g) polygonal with parallel lenticular; (h) irregular reticulate and lenticular; (i) connected branches and polygons; (j) sinusoidal in ripple troughs (similar to Manchuriophycus pseudofossil); (k) orthogonal reticulate; (l) polygonal; (m) polygonal; (n) curlicue; (o) sinuous ripple-trough; (p) liq-uefaction veins; (q) liquefaction veins; (r) vertical cross-section of downwards-tapering, upwards-bifurcating, ptygmatically folded sand-filled crack in mudstone; (s) verti-cal cross-section of upwards-and downwards-tapering, ptygmatically folded microspar-filled crack“ ( molar tooth” ) in limestone, showing distortion of matrix laminae; (t) mud crack; (u) lateral profile of mat-crack described in present study. Scale bars = 5 cm
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