Early Sinian Storm Deposits in the Eastern Yangtze Gorges Area and their Geological Significance
-
摘要: 作为全球地质环境的重要转折期,震旦纪早期发生的全球气候巨变和海平面显著上升等事件在世界范围内留下了大量记录。报道了震旦纪早期气候剧变阶段在我国南方陡山沱组底部形成的风暴沉积。岩芯剖面的精细观察和测量分析表明,峡东地区陡山沱组底部风暴岩沉积主要集中在陡一段白云岩与陡二段底部泥页岩中,发育的沉积构造主要有冲刷侵蚀底面、搅动层、粗粒滞留沉积、粒序层理、洼状交错层理、波状层理、波痕以及水平层理等。根据风暴岩垂向上的组合特征和沉积构造差异,共识别出五种风暴沉积序列,分别指示了不同的沉积背景:潮坪浅水沉积和陆棚深水沉积。其中,陡一段主要发育浅水风暴沉积,陡二段底部主要为深水风暴沉积,随着海平面的上升,自下而上风暴作用呈现加强的趋势。另外,在陡二段还发现了风暴浪基面以下形成的具粒序层理的泥砾岩。峡东地区陡山沱组底部的风暴沉积蕴含了强烈的古地理、古气候、古地貌以及地层信息,对于恢复震旦纪早期华南地质环境及其变化具有重要意义。Abstract: As an important transition period of the global geological environment, geological responses during the Early Sinian to climate catastrophes and significant sea-level rise are found in the geological record all over the world. This paper is the first report of the effect of storm deposits in the lower part of the Sinian Doushantuo Formation in South China. Detailed observation and measurement of drill cores from the eastern Yangtze Gorges area show that storm deposits mainly developed in the first member and the lower part of the second member of the Sinian Doushantuo Formation (mainly dolostone and black mudstone, respectively). Sedimentary structures recognized include erosion surfaces, stirred layers, lag deposits, graded bedding, sunken cross-bedding, wave bedding, ripple marks, and horizontal bedding. Observed combinations of vertical features and sedimentary structural differences indicate five storm sequences at times of different sedimentary background (shallow-water environment in tidal flats, or deep-water environment in the continental shelf). The deposits from storms during the first member of the Doushantuo Formation indicate a mainly shallow-water environment; in the second member, storm deposits formed mainly in deep water, with the storm action strengthening upward. Moreover, black pebbly mudstone with graded bedding was recognized under or near the storm wave base. These observations indicate that the storm deposits in the lower part of the Doushantuo Formation contain a considerable amount of information (paleogeographical, paleoclimatic, paleogeomorphological and stratigraphical), and is of great significance for recovering Early Sinian geological environmental changes in South China.
-
Key words:
- storm deposits /
- Doushantuo Formation /
- Sinian /
- geological significance /
- eastern Yangtze Gorges area
-
图 3 峡东地区震旦系陡一段风暴沉积特征
(a)冲刷侵蚀底面,见“V型”沟槽,被泥岩覆盖,1 508.66 m;(b)“V”型冲刷槽,上缓下陡,沟槽深度小于1 cm,1 505.10 m;(c)“V型”槽模,1 505.10 m;(d)缓坡状冲刷面,被薄层泥岩覆盖,1 508.96 m;(e)两期滞留沉积长条状砾石,砾石倾向不同,1 508.80 m;(f)侵蚀面之上见粗粒滞留沉积,白云质砾石大小不等,1 508.26 m;(g)复合洼状交错层理,向上过度为波状层理,1 510.10 m;(h)浪成波痕,波高小于1 cm,1 510.51 m;(i)白云岩夹薄层泥岩,见韵律层理和波状层理,1 511.40 m
Figure 3. Sedimentary structure of storm deposits from the first member of theSinian Doushantuo Formation, eastern Yangtze Gorges region
图 4 峡东地区震旦系陡二段风暴沉积特征
(a)两期冲刷侵蚀底面,被磷块岩砾石层覆盖,下部砾石层具粒序性,1 486.00 m;(b)冲刷侵蚀面,被磷块岩砾石层覆盖,1 491.10 m;(c)底部为风暴搅动层,见撕裂泥质砾屑,之上被磷块岩砾石覆盖,1 490.85 m;(d)岩性突变面,界限清晰平整,未见明显侵蚀特征,上部长条状砾石近顺层排列,1 477.76 m;(e)正粒序,砾石向上直径减小,含量减少,1 476.76 m;(f)逆粒序,砾石向上直径增大,含量增多,1 484.76 m;(g)砾石杂乱排列,无定向性,1 491.30 m;(h)长条状砾石多顺层近平行排列,1 489.70 m
Figure 4. Sedimentary structure of storm deposits from the second member of the Sinian Doushantuo Formation, eastern Yangtze Gorges region
-
[1] Kelling G, Mullin P R. Graded limestones and limestone-quartzite couplets:Possible storm-deposits from the Moroccan Carboniferous[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1975, 13(3):161-190. doi: 10.1016/0037-0738(75)90019-6 [2] Aigner T. Calcareous tempestites: Storm-dominated stratification in upper muschelkalk limestones (Middle Trias, SW-Germany)[M]//Einsele G, Seilacher A. Cyclic and event stratification. New York, Heidelberg: Springer, 1982: 180-198. [3] 马永生, 仲力.风暴沉积、风暴岩的研究现状[J].地质科技情报, 1990, 9(3):9-14. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD1990-DZKQ199003002.htm Ma Yongsheng, Zhong Li. Recent development of study on storm deposition and tempestites[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 1990, 9(3):9-14. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD1990-DZKQ199003002.htm [4] Deng W D, Yang B G, Wu X G. Studies of storm deposits in China:A review[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 1997, 17(13):1645-1658. doi: 10.1016/S0278-4343(97)00029-0 [5] 徐过冬, 范代读, Liu K B.古风暴学研究进展[J].地球科学进展, 2007, 22(12):1274-1280. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2007.12.008 Xu Guodong, Fan Daidu, Liu K B. Advances in the study of paleotempestology[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(12):1274-1280. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2007.12.008 [6] 宋金民, 杨迪, 李朋威, 等.中国碳酸盐风暴岩发育特征及其地质意义[J].现代地质, 2012, 26(3):589-600. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2012.03.021 Song Jinmin, Yang Di, Li Pengwei, et al. Development characteristics and geological significance of carbonate tempestites in China[J]. Geoscience, 2012, 26(3):589-600. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2012.03.021 [7] Santos A, Aguirre J, Rodríguez-Tovar F J, et al. Multi-storm events recorded on Panopea burrows (Pliocene, Spain):The importance of sequestered information inside burrows[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2018, 507:155-167. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.07.008 [8] 李从先, 庄武艺, Roy P S.高能波控陆架的风暴沉积和风暴层序:以澳大利亚东南部陆架为例[J].海洋学报, 1993, 15(2):63-72. http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=1059085 Li Congxian, Zhuang Wuyi, Roy P S. Strom deposits and sequence stratigraphy of the continental shelf controlled by high-energy wave:An example from the continental shelf of the Southeast Australia[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 1993, 15(2):63-72. http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=1059085 [9] 周进高, 赵宗举, 邓红婴.淮南地区风暴岩特征及其沉积环境[J].石油勘探与开发, 1999, 26(5):73-76. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.1999.05.023 Zhou Jingao, Zhao Zongju, Deng Hongying. Upper Proterozoic Lower Paleozoic tempestites characters and their environmental significance to Huainan region of Anhui[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1999, 26(5):73-76. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.1999.05.023 [10] Goff J, McFadgen B G, Chagué-Goff C. Sedimentary differences between the 2002 Easter storm and the 15th-century Okoropunga tsunami, southeastern North Island, New Zealand[J]. Marine Geology, 2004, 204(1/2):235-250. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=0400f61189513ace8e8abc6dd114c2fa [11] Morton R A, Gelfenbaum G, Jaffe B E. Physical criteria for distinguishing sandy tsunami and storm deposits using modern examples[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2007, 200(3/4):184-207. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=ce77976450014d0af4a60333cea0f5fb [12] Fichaut B, Suanez S. Quarrying, transport and deposition of cliff-top storm deposits during extreme events:Banneg Island, Brittany[J]. Marine Geology, 2011, 283(1/2/3/4):36-55. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=1c5e12c4915cc99f090a2c002b02f8b3&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [13] 王家豪, 王华, 曾劲彪, 等.山东省中部上寒武统碳酸盐风暴沉积的综合模式[J].地球科学, 2017, 42(1):68-77. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201701005 Wang Jia-hao, Wang Hua, Zeng Jinbiao, et al. Integrative depositional model for carbonate tempestites in Upper Cambrian, central Shandong province[J]. Earth Science, 2017, 42(1):68-77. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201701005 [14] 郑斌嵩, 牟传龙, 梁薇, 等.扬子地台东南缘下寒武统清虚洞组风暴沉积特征及其重要意义[J].地质学报, 2018, 92(7):1524-1540. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2018.07.013 Zheng Binsong, Mou Chuanlong, Liang Wei, et al. The characteristics of storm deposits of the Lower Cambrian Qingxudong Formation in the southeastern margin of Yangtze platform and its significance[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2018, 92(7):1524-1540. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2018.07.013 [15] Watanabe M, Goto K, Bricker J D, et al. Are inundation limit and maximum extent of sand useful for differentiating tsunamis and storms?An example from sediment transport simulations on the Sendai Plain, Japan[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2018, 364:204-216. doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2017.12.026 [16] Hall A M, Hansom J D, Williams D M, et al. Distribution, geomorphology and lithofacies of cliff-top storm deposits:Examples from the high-energy coasts of Scotland and Ireland[J]. Marine Geology, 2006, 232(3/4):131-155. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=a261164d87e2fcab2a212b1e997017af&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [17] 马志鑫, 张万平, 刘伟, 等.黔东镇远地区早寒武世清虚洞组潮坪风暴沉积特征及古地理意义[J].沉积学报, 2012, 30(5):787-794. http://www.cjxb.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract829.shtml Ma Zhixin, Zhang Wanping, Liu Wei, et al. Sedimentary characteristics of tidal storm deposit of Early Cambrian Qingxudong Formation in the Zhenyuan area, eastern Guizhou and its palaeogeographical implications[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2012, 30(5):787-794. http://www.cjxb.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract829.shtml [18] 周志澄, Willems H, 李越, 等.保存完整的风暴沉积序列在山东省寒武系崮山组的发现及其理论和实际意义[J].古生物学报, 2013, 52(1):107-117. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=gswxb201301010 Zhou Zhicheng, Willems H, Li Yue, et al. Discovery of a well-preserved carbonate tempestite sequence from the Cambrian Gushan Formation of the Shandong province and it's theoretical and practical significance[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2013, 52(1):107-117. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=gswxb201301010 [19] 赵灿, 陈孝红, 李旭兵, 等.峡东地区埃迪卡拉系灯影组风暴岩的发现及其环境意义[J].地质学报, 2013, 87(12):1901-1912. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dizhixb201312012 Zhao Can, Chen Xiaohong, Li Xubing, et al. Characteristics of tempestite of Ediacaran Dengying Formation, in the eastern Yangtze Gorges area and its geological significance[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2013, 87(12):1901-1912. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dizhixb201312012 [20] 宋金民, 刘树根, 赵异华, 等.川中地区中下寒武统风暴岩特征及沉积地质意义[J].石油学报, 2016, 37(1):30-42. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-4067.2016.01.011 Song Jinmin, Liu Shugen, Zhao Yihua, et al. Characteristics and sedimentary geological significances of Lower-Middle Cambrian tempestites in central Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(1):30-42. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-4067.2016.01.011 [21] 廖淦标, 范代读.全球变暖是否导致台风增强:古风暴学研究进展与启示[J].科学通报, 2008, 53(19):1489-1502. http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=27846392 Liao Ganbiao, Fan Daidu. Perspectives on the linkage between typhoon activity and global warming from recent research advances in paleotempestology[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2008, 53(19):1489-1502. http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=27846392 [22] 张哲, 杜远生, 毛治超, 等.湘东南桂阳莲塘上泥盆系风暴岩特征及其古地理、古气候意义[J].沉积学报, 2008, 26(3):369-375. http://www.cjxb.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract3.shtml Zhang Zhe, Du Yuansheng, Mao Zhichao, et al. The Upper Devonian tempestites from Liantang, Guiyang, southeastern Hunan province and its palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic significance[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2008, 26(3):369-375. http://www.cjxb.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract3.shtml [23] Page M J, Trustrum N A, Orpin A R, et al. Storm frequency and magnitude in response to Holocene climate variability, Lake Tutira, North-Eastern New Zealand[J]. Marine Geology, 2010, 270(1/2/3/4):30-44. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=6115208eefb96d09e06203713660f3b5 [24] 时志强, 曾德勇, 熊兆军, 等.三叠纪巨型季风在上扬子地区的沉积学记录[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2010, 29(2):164-172. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2802.2010.02.008 Shi Zhiqiang, Zeng Deyong, Xiong Zhaojun, et al. Sedimentary records of Triassic megamonsoon in upper Yangtze area[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2010, 29(2):164-172. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2802.2010.02.008 [25] 曾德勇, 时志强, 张华, 等.广元上寺剖面下三叠统飞仙关组风暴岩:巨型季风体制下的极端气候事件?[J].沉积学报, 2011, 29(3):440-448. http://www.cjxb.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract668.shtml Zeng Deyong, Shi Zhiqiang, Zhang Hua, et al. Tempestite of Early Triassic Feixianguan Formation in Shangsi Section, Guanyuan:Are they extreme climatic event under megamonsoon system?[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2011, 29(3):440-448. http://www.cjxb.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract668.shtml [26] Terry J P, Oliver G J H, Friess D A. Ancient high-energy storm boulder deposits on Ko Samui, Thailand, and their significance for identifying coastal hazard risk[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2016, 454:282-293. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.04.046 [27] Long D G F. Tempestite frequency curves:A key to Late Ordovician and Early Silurian subsidence, sea-level change, and orbital forcing in the Anticosti foreland basin, Quebec, Canada[J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2007, 44(3):413-431. doi: 10.1139/e06-099 [28] 周亮, 高抒, 杨阳, 等.海南岛东南部海湾350年古风暴事件沉积与历史文献记录对比[J].海洋学报, 2015, 37(9):84-94. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.09.009 Zhou Liang, Gao Shu, Yang Yang, et al. Comparison of paleostorm events between sedimentary and historical archives:A 350 year record from southeastern Hainan Island coastal embayments[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2015, 37(9):84-94. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.09.009 [29] 景宇轩, 刘建波, 闫振, 等.利用风暴沉积类型恢复海平面变化:以北京西山下苇甸剖面寒武纪中晚期风暴沉积为例[J].古地理学报, 2015, 17(5):653-668. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gdlxb201505007 Jing Yuxuan, Liu Jianbo, Yan Zhen, et al. Reconstructing sea-level changes from types of storm deposits:An example of the Middle and Late Cambrian at Xiaweidian section of Western Hills, Beijing[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2015, 17(5):653-668. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gdlxb201505007 [30] Liu X, Zhong J H, Grapes R, et al. Late Cretaceous tempestite in northern Songliao Basin, China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2012, 56:33-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.02.007 [31] 徐锦龙, 洪天求, 贾志海, 等.川西北江油马角坝地区黄龙组下部风暴沉积特征[J].地质科学, 2012, 47(2):422-439. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0563-5020.2012.02.012 Xu Jinlong, Hong Tianqiu, Jia Zhihai, et al. The characteristics of storm deposits in the lower Huanglong Formatiom of Majiaoba area, northwestern Sichuan province[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2012, 47(2):422-439. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0563-5020.2012.02.012 [32] 魏小洁, 姜在兴, 李一凡, 等.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷利津洼陷古近系沙河街组湖相风暴沉积特征及控制因素[J].古地理学报, 2014, 16(3):377-384. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gdlxb201403007 Wei Xiaojie, Jiang Zaixing, Li Yifan, et al. Sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of lacustrine storm deposits of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Lijin Sag, Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2014, 16(3):377-384. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gdlxb201403007 [33] 宋金民, 罗平, 刘树根, 等.塔里木盆地苏盖特布拉克地区下寒武统风暴岩及其地质意义[J].地学前缘, 2014, 21(6):346-355. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dxqy201406033 Song Jinmin, Luo Ping, Liu Shugen, et al. Lower Cambrian tempestites and their geological significances in Sugaitblak area, Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2014, 21(6):346-355. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dxqy201406033 [34] Li F J, Yang Y C, Li J W, et al. Lacustrine tempestite and its geological significance in the Cenozoic study of the Qaidam Basin[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2014, 92:157-167. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.06.020 [35] 冯荣昌, 吴因业, 杨光, 等.川中大安寨段风暴沉积特征及分布模式[J].沉积学报, 2015, 33(5):909-918. http://www.cjxb.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract3576.shtml Feng Rongchang, Wu Yinye, Yang Guang, et al. Storm deposition of the Da'anzhai member (Jurassic) in central Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2015, 33(5):909-918. http://www.cjxb.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract3576.shtml [36] 白一鸣, 张元福, 胡晨林, 等.鄂尔多斯盆地徐庄组碳酸盐岩风暴沉积发育特征及其地质意义[J].现代地质, 2017, 31(6):1233-1240. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2017.06.013 Bai Yiming, Zhang Yuanfu, Hu Chenlin, et al. Characteristics and geological significances of Xuzhuang Formation carbonate tempestites in Ordos Basin[J]. Geosicience, 2017, 31(6):1233-1240. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2017.06.013 [37] Xiao S H, Yuan X L, Steiner M, et al. Macroscopic carbonaceous compressions in a terminal Proterozoic shale:A systematic reassessment of the Miaohe biota, South China[J]. Journal of Paleontology, 2002, 76(2):347-376. doi: 10.1017/S0022336000041743 [38] Jiang G Q, Kennedy M J, Christie-blick N. Stable isotopic evidence for methane seeps in Neoproterozoic postglacial cap carbonates[J]. Nature, 2003, 426(6968):822-826. doi: 10.1038/nature02201 [39] 安志辉, 童金南, 叶琴, 等.峡东青林口地区新元古代地层序列及沉积演变[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 2014, 39(7):795-806. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201407004 An Zhihui, Tong Jinnan, Ye Qin, et al. Neoproterozoic stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary evolution at Qinglinkou section, East Yangtze Gorges area[J]. Earth Science——Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2014, 39(7):795-806. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201407004 [40] 田兴磊, 雒昆利, 王少彬, 等.长江三峡地区成冰纪-埃迪卡拉纪转换时期微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征[J].古地理学报, 2014, 16(4):483-502. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gdlxb201404006 Tian Xinglei, Luo Kunli, Wang Shaobin, et al. Geochemical characteristics of trace elements and rare earth elements during the Cryogenian-Ediacaran transition in Yangtze Gorges area[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2014, 16(4):483-502. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gdlxb201404006 [41] 陈孝红, 周鹏, 张保民, 等.峡东埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组稳定碳同位素记录及其年代地层意义[J].中国地质, 2015, 42(1):207-223. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2015.01.017 Chen Xiaohong, Zhou Peng, Zhang Baomin, et al. Stable isotope records of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the eastern Yangtze Gorges and its significance for choronostratigraphy[J]. Geology in China, 2015, 42(1):207-223. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2015.01.017 [42] 汪啸风, 曾庆銮, 周天梅, 等.中国三峡东部地区奥陶系与志留系界线的生物地层[J].中国科学(B辑), 1983, 13(12):1123-1132. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JBXK198312007.htm Wang Xiaofeng, Zeng Qingluan, Zhou Tianmei, et al. Ordovician-Silurian boundary biostratigraphy of eastern Yangtze Gorges, China[J]. Science in China Series B-Chemistry, Biological, Agricultural, Medical & Earth Sciences, 1983, 13(12):1123-1132. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JBXK198312007.htm [43] 刘鹏举, 尹崇玉, 陈寿铭, 等.华南峡东地区埃迪卡拉(震旦)纪年代地层划分初探[J].地质学报, 2012, 86(6):849-866. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2012.06.001 Liu Pengju, Yin Chongyu, Chen Shouming, et al. Discussion on the chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Ediacaran (Sinian) in the Yangtze Gorges area, South China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2012, 86(6):849-866. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2012.06.001 [44] 王传尚, 李旭兵, 李志宏, 等.中上扬子区寒武纪层序地层划分与对比[J].地层学杂志, 2012, 36(4):773-783. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DCXZ201204017.htm Wang Chuanshang, Li Xubing, Li Zhihong, et al. Cambrian sequence stratigraphy in the middle and upper Yangtze Platform[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2012, 36(4):773-783. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DCXZ201204017.htm [45] 王自强, 高林志, 尹崇玉.峡东地区震旦系层型剖面的界定与层序划分[J].地质论评, 2001, 47(5):449-458. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dzlp200105001 Wang Zi-qiang, Gao Linzhi, Yin Chongyu, et al. Ascertainment and stratigraphic division of the Sinian stratotype section[J]. Geological Review, 2001, 47(5):449-458. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dzlp200105001 [46] 张汉金, 胡正祥, 颜代蓉, 等.鄂西陡山沱村期岩相古地理与含磷岩系沉积规律[J].地层学杂志, 2013, 37(4):521-526. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Conference/8237692 Zhang Hanjin, Hu Zhengxiang, Yan Dairong, et al. Phosphoric rock series in the Ediacaran Doushantuocun Age (Sinian Period) in western Hubei[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2013, 37(4):521-526. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Conference/8237692 [47] 李旭兵, 赵灿, 刘安, 等.雪峰山西侧地区陡山沱组层序地层划分及沉积体系展布[J].地层学杂志, 2013, 37(4):527-533. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Conference/8237691 Li Xubing, Zhao Can, Liu An, et al. Sequence-stratigraphic division and depositional systems distributions of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation of western Xuefeng Mountains[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2013, 37(4):527-533. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Conference/8237691 [48] 杨爱华, 朱茂炎, 张俊明, 等.扬子板块埃迪卡拉系(震旦系)陡山沱组层序地层划分与对比[J].古地理学报, 2015, 17(1):1-20. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gdlxb201501001 Yang Aihua, Zhu Maoyan, Zhang Junming, et al. Sequence stratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the Ediacaran (Sinian) Doushantuo Formation of Yangtze Plate, South China[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2015, 17(1):1-20. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gdlxb201501001 [49] 王自强, 尹崇玉, 高林志, 等.湖北宜昌峡东地区震旦系层型剖面化学地层特征及其国际对比[J].地质论评, 2002, 48(4):408-415. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.2002.04.011 Wang Ziqiang, Yin Chongyu, Gao Linzhi, et al. Chemostratigraphic characteristics and correlation of the Sinian stratotype in the eastern Yangtze Gorges area, Yichang, Hubei province[J]. Geological Review, 2002, 48(4):408-415. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.2002.04.011 [50] Duke W L, Arnott R W C, Cheel R J. Shelf sandstones and hummocky cross-stratification:New insights on a stormy debate[J]. Geology, 1991, 19(6):625-628. doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0625:SSAHCS>2.3.CO;2 [51] Makoto I, Asako I, Toru N, et al. Temporal variation in the wavelength of hummocky cross-stratification:Implications for storm intensity through Mesozoic and Cenozoic[J]. Geology, 2001, 29(1):87-89. doi: 10.1130-0091-7613(2001)029-0087-TVITWO-2.0.CO%3b2/ [52] 师庆民, 冯乐, 窦鲁星, 等.基于驻波理论解释丘状交错层理:以徐州地区贾园组风暴沉积为例[J].沉积学报, 2013, 31(6):1008-1013. http://www.cjxb.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract1006.shtml Shi Qingmin, Feng Le, Dou Luxing, et al. Explaining hummocky cross-stratification based on the theory of standing wave:A case from Jiayuan Group storm deposits in Xuzhou[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2013, 31(6):1008-1013. http://www.cjxb.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract1006.shtml [53] 张文治, 李怀坤, 王官福, 等.中国东部晚元古冰成岩的古地磁及地质意义[J].前寒武纪研究进展, 2001, 24(1):35-57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4135.2001.01.006 Zhang Wenzhi, Li Huaikun, Wang Guanfu, et al. Palaeomegnetic study of Neoproterozoic glaciation, eastern China and implication of geology[J]. Progress in Precambrian Research, 2001, 24(1):35-57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4135.2001.01.006 [54] 李江海, 王洪浩, 李维波, 等.显生宙全球古板块再造及构造演化[J].石油学报, 2014, 35(2):207-218. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syxb201402001 Li Jianghai, Wang Honghao, Li Weibo, et al. Discussion on global tectonics evolution from plate reconstruction in Phanerozoic[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2014, 35(2):207-218. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syxb201402001 [55] 蒋干清, 张世红, 史晓颖, 等.华南埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱盆地氧化界面的迁移与碳同位素异常[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学, 2008, 38(12):1481-1495. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-jdxk200812002.htm Jiang Ganqing, Zhang Shihong, Shi Xiaoying, et al. Chemocline instability and isotope variations of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Basin in South China[J]. Science China (Seri. D):Earth Sciences, 2008, 38(12):1481-1495. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-jdxk200812002.htm [56] 冯帆, 关平, 刘文汇, 等.重庆秀山南沱冰期后的海陆环境变化[J].沉积学报, 2018, 36(3):531-541. http://www.cjxb.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract3885.shtml Feng Fan, Guan Ping, Liu Wenhui, et al. The marine and continental environmental changes after Nantuo glaciation in Xiushan, Chongqing[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2018, 36(3):531-541. http://www.cjxb.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract3885.shtml [57] 王志仁, 吴德星, 吴辉碇, 等.全球热带风暴时空分布特点[J].海洋学报, 2002, 24(1):25-34. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-4193.2002.01.004 Wang Zhiren, Wu De-xing, Wu Huiding, et al. The statistical characteristics of the spatio-temporal distribution for global tropical storms[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2002, 24(1):25-34. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-4193.2002.01.004