-
本次研究共采集了八布和西牛堡地区他披组12件新鲜的硅质岩样品,详细采样位置见图 2。这些硅质岩样品主要由微晶石英或放射虫化石组成,受成岩作用影响小,其样品编号以及主量、稀土元素的结果详见表 1。样品的主量元素以及微量元素的测定均在中国地质大学(武汉)测定。主量元素采用仪器XRF—1800波长扫描X射线荧光光谱仪测定,微量元素含量利用Agilent 7500a ICP-MS分析完成。用于ICP-MS分析的样品处理如下:1)称取50 mg约200目的岩石粉末于Teflon溶样器中;2)采用Teflon溶样弹将样品用HF+HNO3在195 ℃条件下消解48 h;3)将在120 ℃条件下蒸干除Si后的样品,用2%稀硝酸溶液稀释2 000倍,定容于干净的聚酯瓶。本文Ce异常表达式为:Ce/Ce*=2×CeN/(LaN+PrN),Eu异常表达式为Eu/Eu*=EuN/(SmN×GdN)1/2,均采用澳大利亚后太古代平均页岩(PAAS)进行标准化。
表 1 麻栗坡地区硅质岩样品主量元素(%)和稀土元素含量(10-6)
Table 1. Major and rare earth element (REE) data for cherts from Malipo area
样品 八布 西牛堡 Gp2 Gp3 Gp4 Gp5 Gp7 Pb1 Pb2 Pb3 Pb5 Pb6 Pb7 Pb8 SiO2 93.92 94.90 93.20 89.85 89.41 94.14 91.92 95.55 94.92 92.96 91.87 95.60 TiO2 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.17 0.19 0.06 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.10 0.06 Al2O3 1.56 1.02 2.26 4.77 4.93 2.25 3.80 1.66 2.24 2.70 3.42 2.11 Fe2O3 1.40 1.00 1.75 1.50 1.71 0.83 1.15 0.76 0.96 1.29 1.51 0.73 MnO 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.15 0.05 0.04 MgO 0.16 0.09 0.42 0.53 0.60 0.58 0.74 0.50 0.58 0.77 0.93 0.53 CaO 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.22 0.06 0.07 0.01 0.04 0.10 0.08 Na2O 0.04 0.03 0.09 0.33 0.28 0.30 0.44 0.12 0.05 0.13 0.36 0.29 K2O 0.38 0.28 0.60 1.30 1.33 0.26 0.49 0.22 0.25 0.36 0.43 0.26 P2O5 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 LOI 2.16 1.87 1.16 1.52 1.67 1.20 1.24 0.84 1.00 1.14 1.32 0.58 ∑ 99.75 99.28 99.66 100.1 100.2 99.90 100.0 99.85 100.1 99.64 100.1 100.3 Al* 0.46 0.43 0.48 0.70 0.68 0.66 0.70 0.60 0.63 0.58 0.62 0.67 Al2O3/TiO2 26.00 25.50 32.29 28.06 25.95 37.50 42.22 33.20 44.80 30.00 34.20 35.17 La 3.31 2.12 5.93 10.10 11.63 8.76 18.1 5.35 12.9 12.3 12.9 5.22 Ce 4.57 3.78 15.67 23.47 27.08 17.50 42.1 14.1 21.0 29.3 34.0 12.4 Pr 0.75 0.51 1.33 2.20 2.65 2.45 4.65 1.47 3.05 3.17 3.39 1.37 Nd 2.69 1.97 5.08 8.42 9.93 10.0 18.8 6.48 11.9 13.4 13.7 5.63 Sm 0.49 0.37 0.77 1.71 1.58 2.89 4.57 1.79 3.24 3.16 3.36 1.45 Eu 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.32 0.29 0.60 0.87 0.38 0.66 0.67 0.62 0.30 Gd 0.42 0.36 0.48 1.34 1.42 2.84 4.41 2.03 2.90 3.01 3.22 1.33 Tb 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.21 0.24 0.44 0.64 0.32 0.45 0.43 0.47 0.21 Dy 0.44 0.31 0.48 1.21 1.32 2.29 3.33 1.82 2.48 2.28 2.45 1.16 Ho 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.23 0.26 0.39 0.60 0.33 0.43 0.41 0.42 0.21 Er 0.28 0.22 0.29 0.66 0.78 1.01 1.55 0.84 1.11 1.15 1.12 0.57 Tm 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.22 0.12 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.08 Yb 0.39 0.20 0.35 0.65 0.78 0.84 1.22 0.71 0.86 0.94 0.99 0.49 Lu 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.17 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.06 Y 2.88 2.19 2.74 6.57 7.56 10.3 17.2 9.56 12.0 11.6 11.7 5.90 Ce/Ce* 0.67 0.84 1.29 1.15 1.13 0.87 1.06 1.16 0.77 1.08 1.18 1.07 Eu/Eu* 0.81 1.00 0.84 0.99 0.90 0.99 0.91 0.94 1.01 1.02 0.89 1.02 Y/Ho 31.23 31.13 28.84 28.88 29.42 26.41 28.67 28.97 27.91 28.29 27.86 28.10 注:Al*=Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)。
Geochemical Features of the Middle-Lower Permian Cherts in Malipo, Southeastern Yunnan, and the Geological Signification
-
摘要: 滇东南麻栗坡位于右江盆地西南缘,该处蛇绿岩被认为是古特提斯洋壳的遗迹,对蛇绿岩所代表八布洋的研究是全面了解右江盆地与华南西南缘古特提斯构造演化的重要环节。研究区广泛发育一套夹有硅质岩的深水相沉积,对麻栗坡八布和西牛堡中—下二叠统他披组硅质岩的地球化学特征研究表明:硅质岩Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值为0.43~0.70,Al2O3/TiO2值为25.5~44.8,Eu/Eu*值为0.81~1.02,为非热液成因硅质岩。硅质岩Ce/Ce*值分别为0.67~1.29和0.77~1.18,Y/Ho值分别为28.84~31.23和26.41~28.91,形成于大陆边缘环境。结合其他地区硅质岩地球化学特征,认为早—中二叠世八布洋盆的西南缘可能为活动大陆边缘,其洋壳的俯冲方向为南西向。Abstract: The ophiolite in Malipo, which is located at the SW margin of the Youjiang Basin, is considered to be a remnant paleo-Tethys Ocean. The study of the Babu Ocean is an important part of a comprehensive understanding of the tectonic evolution of the Youjiang Basin and the southwestern margin of south China. The Babu Ocean consisted primarily of deepwater sediments, including cherts, in that area. Major and rare earth elements in the cherts from the Middle-Lower Permian Tapi Formation in Babu and Xiniubao were analyzed in this study. The values of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) (0.43-0.70), Al2O3/TiO2 (25.5-44.8) and Eu/Eu* (0.81-1.02) indicate that the cherts are of non-hydrothermal origin, within acid pyroclastics, and show low Y/Ho ratios (28.84-31.23 and 26.41-28.91, respectively) and high Ce/Ce* values (0.67-1.29 and 0.77-1.18, respectively), indicating deposition at the continental margin. From comparisons with the geochemistry of cherts in other areas, we conclude that an active continental margin may have developed in the SW Babu Ocean as the ocean crust subducted towards the southwest.
-
Key words:
- Middle-Lower Permian /
- cherts /
- geochemistry /
- Babu Ocean
-
表 1 麻栗坡地区硅质岩样品主量元素(%)和稀土元素含量(10-6)
Table 1. Major and rare earth element (REE) data for cherts from Malipo area
样品 八布 西牛堡 Gp2 Gp3 Gp4 Gp5 Gp7 Pb1 Pb2 Pb3 Pb5 Pb6 Pb7 Pb8 SiO2 93.92 94.90 93.20 89.85 89.41 94.14 91.92 95.55 94.92 92.96 91.87 95.60 TiO2 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.17 0.19 0.06 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.10 0.06 Al2O3 1.56 1.02 2.26 4.77 4.93 2.25 3.80 1.66 2.24 2.70 3.42 2.11 Fe2O3 1.40 1.00 1.75 1.50 1.71 0.83 1.15 0.76 0.96 1.29 1.51 0.73 MnO 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.15 0.05 0.04 MgO 0.16 0.09 0.42 0.53 0.60 0.58 0.74 0.50 0.58 0.77 0.93 0.53 CaO 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.22 0.06 0.07 0.01 0.04 0.10 0.08 Na2O 0.04 0.03 0.09 0.33 0.28 0.30 0.44 0.12 0.05 0.13 0.36 0.29 K2O 0.38 0.28 0.60 1.30 1.33 0.26 0.49 0.22 0.25 0.36 0.43 0.26 P2O5 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 LOI 2.16 1.87 1.16 1.52 1.67 1.20 1.24 0.84 1.00 1.14 1.32 0.58 ∑ 99.75 99.28 99.66 100.1 100.2 99.90 100.0 99.85 100.1 99.64 100.1 100.3 Al* 0.46 0.43 0.48 0.70 0.68 0.66 0.70 0.60 0.63 0.58 0.62 0.67 Al2O3/TiO2 26.00 25.50 32.29 28.06 25.95 37.50 42.22 33.20 44.80 30.00 34.20 35.17 La 3.31 2.12 5.93 10.10 11.63 8.76 18.1 5.35 12.9 12.3 12.9 5.22 Ce 4.57 3.78 15.67 23.47 27.08 17.50 42.1 14.1 21.0 29.3 34.0 12.4 Pr 0.75 0.51 1.33 2.20 2.65 2.45 4.65 1.47 3.05 3.17 3.39 1.37 Nd 2.69 1.97 5.08 8.42 9.93 10.0 18.8 6.48 11.9 13.4 13.7 5.63 Sm 0.49 0.37 0.77 1.71 1.58 2.89 4.57 1.79 3.24 3.16 3.36 1.45 Eu 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.32 0.29 0.60 0.87 0.38 0.66 0.67 0.62 0.30 Gd 0.42 0.36 0.48 1.34 1.42 2.84 4.41 2.03 2.90 3.01 3.22 1.33 Tb 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.21 0.24 0.44 0.64 0.32 0.45 0.43 0.47 0.21 Dy 0.44 0.31 0.48 1.21 1.32 2.29 3.33 1.82 2.48 2.28 2.45 1.16 Ho 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.23 0.26 0.39 0.60 0.33 0.43 0.41 0.42 0.21 Er 0.28 0.22 0.29 0.66 0.78 1.01 1.55 0.84 1.11 1.15 1.12 0.57 Tm 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.22 0.12 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.08 Yb 0.39 0.20 0.35 0.65 0.78 0.84 1.22 0.71 0.86 0.94 0.99 0.49 Lu 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.17 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.06 Y 2.88 2.19 2.74 6.57 7.56 10.3 17.2 9.56 12.0 11.6 11.7 5.90 Ce/Ce* 0.67 0.84 1.29 1.15 1.13 0.87 1.06 1.16 0.77 1.08 1.18 1.07 Eu/Eu* 0.81 1.00 0.84 0.99 0.90 0.99 0.91 0.94 1.01 1.02 0.89 1.02 Y/Ho 31.23 31.13 28.84 28.88 29.42 26.41 28.67 28.97 27.91 28.29 27.86 28.10 注:Al*=Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)。 -
[1] 钟大赉, 吴根耀, 季建清, 等.滇东南发现蛇绿岩[J].科学通报, 1998, 43(13):1365-1370. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.1999.01.007 Zhong Dalai, Wu Genyao, Ji Jianqing, et al. Discovery of ophiolite in Southeast Yunnan, China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1999, 44(1):36-41. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.1999.01.007 [2] 董云鹏, 朱炳泉, 常向阳, 等.哀牢山缝合带中两类火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义[J].地球化学, 2000, 29(1):6-13. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqhx200001002 Dong Yunpeng, Zhu Bingquan, Chang Xiangyang, et al. Geochemistry of the two-type volcanic rocks from Ailaoshan suture zone and their tectonic implication[J]. Geochimica, 2000, 29(1):6-13. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqhx200001002 [3] 吴根耀, 马力, 钟大赉, 等.滇桂交界区印支期增生弧型造山带:兼论与造山作用耦合的盆地演化[J].石油实验地质, 2001, 23(1):8-18. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6112.2001.01.002 Wu Genyao, Ma Li, Zhong Dalai, et al. Indosinian turkic-type orogen bordering Yunnan and Guangxi:With reference to coupled basin evolution[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2001, 23(1):8-18. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6112.2001.01.002 [4] 刘俊来, 唐渊, 宋志杰, 等.滇西哀牢山构造带:结构与演化[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2011, 41(5):1285-1303. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cckjdxxb201105003 Liu Junlai, Tang Yuan, Song Zhijie, et al. The Ailaoshan belt in western Yunnan:Tectonic framework and tectonic evolution[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2011, 41(5):1285-1303. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cckjdxxb201105003 [5] Huang H, Du Y S, Yang J H, et al. Geochemistry of the Late Paleozoic cherts in the Youjiang Basin:Implications for the basin evolution[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2013, 2(4):402-421. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=3c8c1c7381a7e00b049fd852c2b70a48&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [6] Liu H C, Peng T P, Guo X F. Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the coexistent N-MORB-and SSZ-type ophiolites in Babu area (SW China) and tectonic implications[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 2018, 175(4):667. doi: 10.1144/jgs2017-121 [7] 杜远生, 黄宏伟, 黄志强, 等.右江盆地晚古生代-三叠纪盆地转换及其构造意义[J].地质科技情报, 2009, 28(6):10-15. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7849.2009.06.002 Du Yuansheng, Huang Hongwei, Huang Zhiqiang, et al. Basin translation from Late Palaeozoic to Triassic of Youjiang Basin and its tectonic significance[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2009, 28(6):10-15. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7849.2009.06.002 [8] 杜远生, 黄虎, 杨江海, 等.晚古生代-中三叠世右江盆地的格局和转换[J].地质论评, 2013, 59(1):1-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0371-5736.2013.01.001 Du Yuansheng, Huang Hu, Yang Jianghai, et al. The basin translation from Late Paleozoic to Triassic of the Youjiang Basin and its tectonic signification[J]. Geological Review, 2013, 59(1):1-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0371-5736.2013.01.001 [9] 黄志强, 黄虎, 杜远生, 等.广西那坡裂陷盆地晚古生代硅质岩地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 2013, 38(2):253-265. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201302005 Huang Zhiqiang, Huang Hu, Du Yuansheng, et al. Depositional chemistry of cherts of the Late Paleozoic in Napo Rift Basin, Guangxi and its implication for the tectonic evolution[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2013, 38(2):253-265. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201302005 [10] 陈洪德, 曾允孚.右江沉积盆地的性质及演化讨论[J].岩相古地理, 1990(1):28-37. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-TTSD199001003.htm Chen Hongde, Zeng Yunfu. Nature and evolution of the Youjiang Basin[J]. Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography, 1990(1):28-37. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-TTSD199001003.htm [11] Lepvrier C, Maluski H, van Tich V, et al. The Early Triassic Indosinian orogeny in Vietnam (Truong son belt and Kontum massif); implications for the geodynamic evolution of Indochina[J]. Tectonophysics, 2004, 393(1/2/3/4):87-118. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=83bf6586a5d3bf85c84cba9cb78480ef [12] Halpin J A, Tran H T, Lai C K, et al. U-Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry from NE Vietnam:A 'tectonically disputed' territory between the Indochina and South China blocks[J]. Gondwana Research, 2016, 34:254-273. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2015.04.005 [13] Adachi M, Yamamoto K, Sugisaki R. Hydrothermal chert and associated siliceous rocks from the northern Pacific their geological significance as indication od ocean ridge activity[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1986, 47(1/2):125-148. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0037073886900758 [14] Kato Y, Nakamura K. Origin and global tectonic significance of early Archean cherts from the marble bar greenstone belt, Pilbara craton, Western Australia[J]. Precambrian Research, 2003, 125(3/4):191-243. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=09d4dc85a073b493955e3ee2cad15939&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [15] 田洋, 赵小明, 朱志军, 等.鄂西南利川二叠纪吴家坪组硅质岩成因及沉积环境[J].沉积学报, 2013, 31(4):590-599. http://www.cjxb.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract960.shtml Tian Yang, Zhao Xiaoming, Zhu Zhijun, et al. Petrogenesis and sedimentary environment of Permian Wujiaping Formation siliceous rocks in Lichuan, southwestern Hubei[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2013, 31(4):590-599. http://www.cjxb.ac.cn/CN/abstract/abstract960.shtml [16] 胡丽沙, 徐亚军, 杜远生, 等.广西东南部钦防海槽晚古生代硅质岩地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].古地理学报, 2014, 16(1):77-87. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gdlxb201401008 Hu Lisha, Xu Yajun, Du Yuansheng, et al. Geochemical characteristics and its geological significance of the Late Paleozoic siliceous rocks in Qinfang Trough, southeastern Guangxi[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2014, 16(1):77-87. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gdlxb201401008 [17] 云南省地质矿产局.云南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社, 1990. Yunnan Bureau Geological Mineral Resource. Regional geology of Yunan province[M]. Beijing:Geological Publication House, 1990. [18] 杨江海, 杜远生, 于鑫, 等.滇东南八布早二叠世含火山岩屑砂岩指示古特提斯洋俯冲[J].地球科学, 2017, 42(1):24-34. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201701002 Yang Jianghai, Du Yuansheng, Yu Xin, et al. Early Permian volcanic fragment-bearing sandstones in Babu of Southeast Yunnan:Indicative of Paleo-tethyan ocean Subduction[J]. Earth Science, 2017, 42(1):24-34. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201701002 [19] 马文璞.八布蛇绿岩突厥型造山带[J].科学通报, 1998, 43(13):1363-1364. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=kxtb199813011 Ma Wenpu. Babu Ophiolite orogenic belt of Turkic type[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1998, 43(13):1363-1364. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=kxtb199813011 [20] 冯庆来, 刘本培.滇东南八布蛇绿混杂岩中的早二叠世放射虫化石[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 2002, 27(1):1-3. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx200201001 Feng Qinglai, Liu Benpei. Early Permian radiolarians from Babu ophiolitic mélange in southeastern Yunnan[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2002, 27(1):1-3. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx200201001 [21] Boström K, Peterson M N A. The origin of aluminum-poor ferromanganoan sediments in areas of high heat flow on the East Pacific Rise[J]. Marine Geology, 1969, 7(5):427-447. doi: 10.1016/0025-3227(69)90016-4 [22] Yamamoto K. Geochemical characteristics and depositional environments of cherts and associated rocks in the Franciscan and Shimanto Terranes[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1987, 52(1/2):65-108. doi: 10.1016-0037-0738(87)90017-0/ [23] Douville E, Bienvenu P, Charlou J L, et al. Yttrium and rare earth elements in fluids from various deep-sea hydrothermal systems[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1999, 63(5):627-643. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00024-1 [24] German C R, Hergt J, Palmer M R, et al. Geochemistry of a hydrothermal sediment core from the OBS vent-field, 21°N East Pacific Rise[J]. Chemical Geology, 1999, 155(1/2):65-75. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254198001417 [25] Dias Á S, Früh-Green G L, Bernasconi S M, et al. Geochemistry and stable isotope constraints on high-temperature activity from sediment cores of the Saldanha hydrothermal field[J]. Marine Geology, 2011, 279(1/2/3/4):128-140. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=09ac63a4dfe4ac9b465f21e2682982a1 [26] Murray R W. Chemical criteria to identify the depositional environment of chert:General principles and applications[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1994, 90(3/4):213-232. doi: 10.1016-0037-0738(94)90039-6/ [27] Sugitani K, Horiuchi Y, Adachi M, et al. Anomalously low Al2O3/TiO2 values for Archean cherts from the Pilbara Block, Western Australia-possible evidence for extensive chemical weathering on the early earth[J]. Precambrian Research, 1996, 80(1/2):49-76. https://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000035500003810_902e.html [28] Hayashi K I, Fujisawa H, Holland H D, et al. Geochemistry of ~1.9 Ga sedimentary rocks from northeastern Labrador, Canada[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1997, 61(19):4115-4137. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00214-7 [29] 黄虎, 杜远生, 杨江海, 等.水城-紫云-南丹裂陷盆地晚古生代硅质沉积物地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].地质学报, 2012, 86(12):1994-2010. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2012.12.010 Huang Hu, Du Yuansheng, Yang Jianghai, et al. Geochemical features of siliceous sediments of the Shuicheng-Ziyun-Nandan rift basin in the Late Paleozoic and their tectonic implication[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2012, 86(12):1994-2010. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2012.12.010 [30] Kametaka M, Takebe M, Nagai H, et al. Sedimentary environments of the Middle Permian phosphorite-chert complex from the northeastern Yangtze platform, China; The Gufeng Formation:A continental shelf radiolarian chert[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2005, 174(3/4):197-222. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=5668230540577b0a9c8ecaf6a0269a74&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [31] Condie K C. Chemical composition and evolution of the upper continental crust:Contrasting results from surface samples and shales[J]. Chemical Geology, 1993, 104(1/2/3/4):1-37. doi: 10.1016-0009-2541(93)90140-E/ [32] Gromet L P, Haskin L A, Korotev R L, et al. The "North American shale composite":Its compilation, major and trace element characteristics[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1984, 48(12):2469-2482. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(84)90298-9 [33] Taylor S R, McLennan S M. The continental crust:Its composition and evolution[M]. Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publication, 1985. [34] Holser W T. Evaluation of the application of rare-earth elements to paleoceanography[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1997, 132(1/2/3/4):309-323. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=844f1cda25ab38b04ff95851a0990ea4&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [35] Girty G H, Ridge D L, Knaack C, et al. Provenance and depositional setting of Paleozoic chert and argillite, Sierra Nevada, California[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 1996, 66(1):107-118. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=924821989e4d1bcf81b94d5a194a3c4a&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [36] Murray R W, Brink M R B T, Jones D L, et al. Rare earth elements as indicators of different marine depositional environments in chert and shale[J]. Geology, 1990, 18(3):268-271. doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0268:REEAIO>2.3.CO;2 [37] Murray R W, Brink M R B T, Gerlach D C, et al. Rare earth, major, and trace elements in chert from the Franciscan Complex and Monterey Group, California:Assessing REE sources to fine-grained marine sediments[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1991, 55(7):1875-1895. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90030-9 [38] Owen A W, Armstrong H A, Floyd J D. Rare earth element geochemistry of Upper Ordovician cherts from the Southern Uplands of Scotland[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 1999, 156(1):191-204. doi: 10.1144/gsjgs.156.1.0191 [39] Bau M, Dulski P. Distribution of yttrium and rare-earth elements in the Penge and Kuruman iron-formations, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa[J]. Precambrian Research, 1996, 79(1/2):37-55. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=7744c304128ebb06438bdc87024d53f8&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [40] Nozaki Y, Zhang J, Amakawa H. The fractionation between Y and Ho in the marine environment[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1997, 148(1/2):329-340. doi: 10.1016-S0012-821X(97)00034-4/ [41] 王卓卓, 陈代钊, 汪建国.广西南宁地区泥盆纪硅质岩稀土元素地球化学特征及沉积背景[J].地质科学, 2007, 42(3):558-569. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0563-5020.2007.03.011 Wang Zhuozhuo, Chen Daizhao, Wang Jianguo. REE geochemistry and depositional settings of the Devonian cherts in Nanning area, Guangxi[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2007, 42(3):558-569. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0563-5020.2007.03.011 [42] Guo F, Fan W M, Wang Y J, et al. Upper Paleozoic basalts in the southern Yangtze block:Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic evidence for asthenosphere-lithosphere interaction and opening of the Paleo-tethyan ocean[J]. International Geology Review, 2004, 46(4):332-346. doi: 10.2747/0020-6814.46.4.332 [43] Huang H, Du Y S, Yang J H, et al. New zircon U-Pb age of the Babu Ophiolites in southeast Yunnan, China and constrains of plate subduction time[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 2017, 91(3):1151-1152. doi: 10.1111/1755-6724.13338 [44] 张斌辉, 丁俊, 张林奎, 等.滇东南八布蛇绿岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学研究[J].地质学报, 2013, 87(10):1498-1509. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dizhixb201310002 Zhang Binhui, Ding Jun, Zhang Linkui, et al. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb chronology of the Babu ophiolite in southeastern Yunnan province[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2013, 87(10):1498-1509. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dizhixb201310002 [45] 黄虎, 杜远生, 黄志强, 等.桂西晚古生代硅质岩地球化学特征及其对右江盆地构造演化的启示[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学, 2013, 43(2):304-316. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgkx-cd201302014 Huang Hu, Du Yuansheng, Huang Zhiqiang, et al. Depositional chemistry of chert during Late Paleozoic from western Guangxi and its implication for the tectonic evolution of the Youjiang Basin[J]. Science China (Seri. D):Earth Sciences, 2013, 43(2):304-316. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgkx-cd201302014