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随着储层埋深增大,成岩作用增强,成岩阶段发生变化,储集性亦随之发生变化。行业内通常采用I∕S混层黏土矿物的演变作为划分成岩阶段的主要依据[11,28]。本文根据研究区泉四段扶余油层泥岩I∕S混层比,结合其他的成岩作用特征来确定致密油储层所处的成岩阶段。根据研究区五口井(乾223井、乾238井、查45井、让53井、乾144井)泉四段不同埋藏深度67块泥岩X衍射黏土分析测试结果,结合自生矿物特征、有机质成熟度等资料,按照成岩阶段划分标准(表1),认为研究区扶余油层致密油储层目前处在中成岩A2~B期。总体上,由斜坡区向坳陷区,研究区扶余油层成岩演化阶段依次由中成岩A2期向中成岩B期过渡。
表 1 (I/S)混层比与成岩阶段关系表[28]
(I∕S)混层类型 混层转化带 (I∕S)混层比/(%) 有机质成熟度 碎屑岩成岩阶段划分标准 蒙皂石 蒙皂石带 >70 未成熟 早成岩A期 无序混层 渐变带 50~70 半成熟 早成岩B期 有序混层 部分有序 第一迅速转化带 35~50 低成熟 中成岩期 A A1 有序 第二迅速转化带 15~35 成熟 A2 超点阵 第三转化带 <15 高成熟 B 伊利石 过成熟 晚成岩期 研究区泉四段泥岩I∕S混层比介于25%~5%,且随着埋藏深度的增大,I∕S混层比逐渐降低,同时随着埋藏深度的增大,储层孔隙度、渗透率总体上也呈逐渐降低的趋势。如图4所示,在埋藏深度1 750~2 250 m,I∕S混层比为25%~15%,对应的成岩阶段为中成岩A2期。这一时期随着储层埋藏深度的增大,压实作用持续增强及硅质、碳酸盐、黏土矿物等自生矿物的大量胶结,储集层物性已明显变差。这一时期Ro介于0.9%~1.3%,有机质正处于成熟—高成熟阶段,有机质的成熟生烃促进了储层中长石、火山岩屑等不稳定组分在酸性环境下溶蚀,是次生溶蚀孔隙发育时期。此深度带为次生溶蚀孔隙发育带,目前致密油开采多在本带。当埋藏深度大于2 250 m时,泥岩I∕S混层比小于15%,对应的成岩阶段为中成岩B期。这一时期Ro大于1.3%,有机质处于过成熟阶段。随着埋藏深度增大,储层压实作用及自生矿物胶结、交代作用进一步增强,孔隙迅速地减少,储层进一步致密。
Influence of Diagenesis on the Distribution of Tight Oil Reservoirs: A case study of the Fuyu reservoir, Rangzijing slope zone, southern Songliao Basin
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摘要: 扶余油层是松辽盆地南部最主要的含油层系,目前已进入致密油勘探阶段,查明成岩作用对致密油储层形成和分布规律的影响,对致密油勘探有着至关重要的作用。以松南让字井斜坡带泉四段扶余油层为例,通过岩石薄片、黏土矿物X衍射、扫描电镜实验分析及物性、高压压汞等实验资料,开展成岩作用对致密油储层分布规律的影响研究。研究表明,研究区扶余油层溶蚀孔隙发育的有效储层多为三角洲水下分流河道、分流河道砂岩。在埋藏深度1 750~2 250 m,I/S混层比为25%~15%,对应的成岩阶段为中成岩A2期,此深度带为次生溶蚀孔隙发育带,目前致密油开采多在本带;当埋藏深度大于2 250 m时,I/S混层比小于15%,对应的成岩阶段为中成岩B期,储层进一步致密。将研究区扶余油层划分为常规储层及Ⅰ类致密油储层、Ⅱ类致密油储层与Ⅲ类致密油储层,在纵向上,随埋藏深度的增加,各类储层依次出现。研究区扶余油层致密油勘探最有利的是Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类致密油储层,最有利的勘探深度介于1 750~2 250 m。Abstract: The Fuyu reservoir in the Fourth member of the Quantou Formation is the most important oil-bearing reservoir in the southern Songliao Basin, and is currently being explored for tight oil resources. The diagenesis is highly influential in the formation and distribution of tight oil reservoirs. The Fuyu reservoir, located in the Rangzijing slope zone, was studied to determine the influence of diagenesis on the distribution of tight oil reservoirs using the methods of thin sections, clay mineral XRD, SEM observations, physical properties, high-pressure Hg injection and other experimental techniques. These showed that most of the effective reservoirs with dissolution pores in the study area comprise deltaic underwater distributary channels and resulting sandstone. At depths of 1 750⁃2 250 m, the mudstone I/S mixture ratio is 15%⁃25%, and the reservoir is at the mid-diagenetic A2 stage, with secondary dissolution pores. This is the main tight-oil exploitation zone. Below 2 250 m the mudstone I/S mixing ratio is less than 15%, and the reservoir is accordingly at mid-diagenetic stage B. In the study area the Fuyu reservoir is divided into conventional reservoir and tight-oil reservoir types I, II and III. Longitudinally, all reservoir types appear in turn with increasing depth. The most favorable reservoirs in the study area are types I and II. The most favorable exploration depth is between 1 750 m and 2 250 m.
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Key words:
- diagenesis /
- tight oil /
- tight sandstone /
- reservoir distribution /
- Fuyu reservoir
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图 2 研究区扶余油层致密油储层主要成岩作用特征
(a)强压实作用下颗粒间线—凹凸接触,塑性岩屑呈假杂基状,让53井,2 112.7 m,单偏光;(b)石英的次生加大,乾223井,2 204.9 m,正交偏光;(c)充填孔隙的自生石英,乾223井,2 185.0 m;(d)充填与颗粒之间或交代骨架颗粒的铁方解石胶结物,乾223井,2 185.6 m,单偏光;(e)充填孔隙的蠕虫状高岭石、丝状伊利石和石英胶结物,乾223井,2 203.5 m;(f)孔隙衬垫式产出的绿泥石胶结物,乾223井,2 185.6 m;(g)孔隙类型主要为次生溶蚀孔和残余原生孔,乾223井,2 204.9 m,单偏光;(h)孔隙类型主要为次生溶蚀孔和残余原生孔,让24井,1 875.6 m,单偏光;(i,j)钾长石沿其解理缝或双晶面溶蚀,让53井,2 113.7 m;(k,l)黏土矿物间微孔,让53井,2 113.7 m
Figure 2. Main diagenesis characteristics of tight oil reservoir in Fuyu reservoir in the study area
(a) concavo⁃convex contact between particles due to strong compaction, well R53, 2 112.7 m (single polarized light); (b) secondary enlargement of quartz, well Q223, 2 204.9 m (orthogonal polarized light); (c) authigenic quartz pore infill, well Q223, 2 185.0 m; (d) iron calcite cement intergrain infill or metasomatized skeleton grains, well Q223, 2 185.6 m (single polarized light); (e) vermicular kaolinite, filamentous illite and quartz cement pore infilling, well Q223, 2 203.5 m; (f) chlorite cement produced by pore pad type, well Q223, 2 185.6 m; (g) mainly granular dissolution pores and a few residual intergrain pores, well Q223, 2 204.9 m (single polarized light); (h) mainly granular dissolution pores and a few residual intergrain pores, well R24, 1 875.6 m (single polarized light); (i, j) potassium feldspar dissolved along cleavage joints or double crystal faces, well R53, 2 113.7 m; (k, l) micropores between clay minerals, well R53, 2 113.7 m
表 1 (I/S)混层比与成岩阶段关系表[28]
(I∕S)混层类型 混层转化带 (I∕S)混层比/(%) 有机质成熟度 碎屑岩成岩阶段划分标准 蒙皂石 蒙皂石带 >70 未成熟 早成岩A期 无序混层 渐变带 50~70 半成熟 早成岩B期 有序混层 部分有序 第一迅速转化带 35~50 低成熟 中成岩期 A A1 有序 第二迅速转化带 15~35 成熟 A2 超点阵 第三转化带 <15 高成熟 B 伊利石 过成熟 晚成岩期 -
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