柴达木盆地某些盐湖沉积剖面中粘土矿物的初步研究
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON CLAY MINERALS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN SEDIMENT PROFILE OF SOME SALT LAKES IN QAIDAM BASIN
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摘要: 柴达木盆地蕴藏着极为丰富的盐类资源。据钻井资料表明,盐湖形成演化过程中可以分为未成盐和成盐两个阶段。成盐阶段中具盐类沉积和碎屑沉积交替成层或混层的特征,构成许多盐类和碎屑沉积物相间的沉积韵律。粘土矿物的形成和稳定,除了基本的金属离子外,还与一定的环境相联系。通过对粘土的某些研究,认识盐湖沉积物中粘土矿物的某些特征,讨论粘土矿物在盐湖形成演化过程中的变化是有意义的。本文通过盆地内10个湖区64个样品的资料来进行讨论。Abstract: The data from 10 lake areas can be summerized as follows: 1. Mineral assemblage is mainly illite( relative amount 80-90%), then chlorite ( relative amount 10-20% ) and little montmorillonite. 2. Chemical composition of clay minerals is characterized by rick K and Mg. In general, chemical composition is similar to the continent clay of cold-warm zone in the nonsalt formation stagel but similar to salt-bearing clay in the salt-formation stage. 3. Clay minerals are generally allothigenous, but some minerals present the transformation. The clay mineral assemblage in salt lake is like that in the soil around he lake. However, Table land Fig. 1 show that there are two kinds of chlorite in the different stages of salt lake formation. It is velieved that Mg-Fe-chlorite may be formed in the sedimentary process of the salt lake. 4. Based on the data concerned, it is considered that the climate has been getting drier and drier from ancient timea to the present. Chlorite is a significant facies indicator in the evolutionary process of salt lake.
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[1] 徐昶(1983)柴达盆地盐湖沉积物中的粘土矿物，矿物学报，第3期。226-230.
Biscaye，P.E.,(1965) Mineralogy and Sedimentation of Recent Dcep-Sea Clay in tHE Altlantic Ocean and Adjacet Seas and Oceans, Geol.Society of Amer. Bull.. V.76. 803-832.
Carroll,D.,(1969) Chlorite in Central North Pacifie Ocean Sediments,Proce-cdings of the International Clay Conference, V.l.335-338.
Muknerjee,S.K.and Biswas,T.D.,(1974)Mineralogy of Soil Clay and clay Minerals, Indian society Soil of Science, New Delhi Singer,E.and Stoffers,P.,91980）Clay Minerals,V.15\291-307. -
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