Formation of Oils and Gases from the Massif-Trough Marginal Zone in Northwest China
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摘要: 对准噶尔、塔里木等盆地沉积环境的研究表明，在古生代，中国西北区为海相沉积，沉积盆地的基底是一些离散的古老结晶地块，其上海水侵漫，其间为大洋或窄大洋的海槽。地块之间的海槽或地块与海槽过渡的边缘带盆地是油气形成的有利地带。在海槽遭受压缩褶皱而回返的造山过程中，“地块－海槽”体系发生转化，形成中新生代“山系－盆地”的陆相沉积体系。这时，边缘带的油气源岩系被埋藏在盆地边缘和外围的山系之下。但这些油气源程序形成的部分油气已经运移到盆地内的储集层中聚集，形成“外生内储”的油气藏。这种类型的盆地中，存在陆相生油和海相生油，“内生内储”和“外生内储”的两类生油岩系和两种生储组合配置体系。“地块－海槽”边缘带油气形成观点的提出，突破了以现今盆地为界限研究古生代油气形成分布规律的传统观念，增大了中国西北区可以发现的油气资源量，扩展了找油找气的新领域，具有十分重要的意义。Abstract: The comprehensive studies on the sedimentary settings in the Jungger Basin, Tarim Basin and etc. show clearly that northwestern region of China was mainly marine sedimentary ronments, the basements of sedimentary basins were a number of ancient separated crystallinemassifs covered by sea water in the Palaeozoic, among which there were palaeo-ocean troughs or narrow palaereocean troughs. The marginal basins located along the trough between different massifs or the marginal zone between massifs and ocean troughs are favorable for oil andgas generation. DUring the mountain-building process with the compressional folding to the ocean trough, the ancient system of massif-trough transformed from the Palaeozoic marine environments to the Meso-Cenozoic continental sedimentary system of mountain-basin, during this time the ancient series of marine source rocks that deposited in the marginal basins were buried beneath the mountains around the basins, while oil and gas generating from the source rocks have partly migrated and accumulated into reservoir beds in the basins to form an oil and gaspool focalled the "out-generating and inner-reserving". Within this kind of basins, there coexist two series of source rocks: marine one and continental one, and two kinds of petroleum generating and reserving complexes: "inner generating-inner reserving" and "out generatinginner reserving". This new theory or model of petroleum formation and occurrence has been proved not only by the result of our recent petroleum geochemical research but also by the practice of exploration in some regions. The idea about petroleum generation from massiftrough's marginal zone has broken the traditional concept by which the formation and occurrence of the Palaeozoic petroleum only within modern basins, this could increase the potential of discovered petroleum resources and enlarge new fields for finding oils and gases in Northwest China.
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