Study on the Deformation Bedding in the Delta, of Yellow River
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摘要: 黄河三角洲发育了非常丰富的变形层理,规模不一,类型多样,成因复杂,概括起来有下列几种:泄水变形层理、重力滑动变形层理、流水牵引变形层理、沙波滑移变形层理、生物扰动变形层理、波浪改造变形层理及滑塌变形层理七种。其中以泄水变形层理和流水牵引变形层理最为常见和典型。泄水变形层理上表面往往有一乳头状或脊状的突起,有时中心有一泄水孔,与上下部层理呈突变接触。流水牵引变形层理具有五个特点:(1)变形层理之上经常可以见到没有层理或具平行层理的细泥砾(砂)层,或者逆行沙波、逆行爬升层理,显示了变形层理之上有高速水流作用;(2)有时可以看到褶曲状变形层理轴面向下游倾倒,但常常无规律可寻;(3)与上覆层理多为突变接触,与下伏层理突变或渐变接触,取决于变形强烈程度;(4)大部分变形强列,呈包卷状,囊状或管状;(5)分布稳定,有时可见多级组合产出。Abstract: Deformed beddings of differentsizes areoften observed in the Yellow River Delta. They are formed bywater escaping,gravitational sliding,water flow dragging,ripple gliding,bioturbation,wave action and slump-ing,and can be divided into seven types according to their origins. Those formed by water escaping and waterflow dragging are the most common and typical ones among them. On surfaces of the deformed beddings of water escaping type,there are usually many nipple-like and do-ral fin-like projectings which may sometimes have a hole for water escaping in the center of each projecting,and the deformed beddings may have abrupt contact with their neighbor beddings. Deformed beddings of wa-ter flow dragging type usually possess five characteristics as follows: (1)the overlying sedments and sedimentary structures of them,such as clay boulder or sand-sized grainsin massive and parallel beddings,regressive sand waves,climbing-ripple laminations, are all formed by waterflow of high velocity. (2)the axial planes of fold curve-like deformed beddings are often randomly oriented,al-though they may sometimes dip toward the upper reach. (3)usually,they show abrupt contact with overlyingbeddings and gradual or abrupt contact with underlying beddings of them according to extent of deformation.(4)most of them are deformed severely and show very complicated appearences such as the cabbage-like onesand the bag-like or tube-like ones. (5)they are steadily widespread and sometimes may be well-stratified andgraded.
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Key words:
- deformed bedding /
- delta /
- Yellow River
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