The Analysis on Distribution Features and Sedimentary Facies variation through Middle Ordovician to Lower Silurian Sequences in the Northwestern Margin of Tarim Basin from Remote Sensing Data
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摘要: 根据塔里木盆地西北缘中奥陶统和下志留统各组岩石的光谱特征分析，选择了ＴＭ３/１（Ｙ）２/３（Ｍ）７/５（Ｃ）减色比值合成影像对研究区岩石地层层序进行划分和对比，划分出Ｏ12、Ｏ22、Ｏ32、Ｓ11和Ｓ21等５个影像岩石地层单元，它们与研究区的岩性组一致，但其精度高于研究区１：２０万地质图。通过影像岩石地层的对比研究发现，研究区西部皮羌断裂以西在中奥陶世几乎未接受沉积，皮羌断裂以东出现了坎岭组，再往东至研究区东部，中奥陶统沉积较全；早志留世早期研究区西部沉积了海相红层，往研究区东部则相变为海相绿色地层。尤其是通过ＴＭ比值图像的分析，发现前人认为分布很局限，但具有很大生油潜力的印干组在研究区分布范围较广，并推断其沉积中心位于与研究区相邻的塔北隆起和北部坳陷一带。这为塔里木盆地油气评价和勘探提供了新的资料，并表明ＴＭ遥感数据的应用是沉积盆地油气勘探研究中的一种很有潜力技术方法。Abstract: The Paleozoic sequences are well developed in Kalpin Uplift. The lithostratigraphic sequences from Middle Ordovician to Lower Silurian have been effectively distinguished and correlated by using Landsat TM ratio composite imagery (3/1 (Y) 2/3 (M) 7/5 (C)). Lateral faices variation and spatial distribution of lithostratigraphic sequences can be also traced and delimited.The analysis of TM ratio composite imagery shows that the depocenter of Middle Ordovician series gradually migrated toward the southeast, and the lower part of Lower Silurian is red bed of marine factes in the western part, it becomes to green bed of marine factes in the eastern part. The results indicate that the differential elevation and subsidence movement occurred during the end of Early Ordovician to Early Silurian from the west to the east, and the relevant paleotopography is from high to low in the studied area.Yingan Formation has been first found that it not only distributes in the Yingan Mountain, but also distribute in the middle part of the Yimugantawu Mountain and the eastern part of the Kalpintage Mountain by the analysis of TM ratio composite imagery. We can infer that Shaergan and Yingan Formations, which are favourable source rocks in Tarim Basin, distribute widespreadly in the North Tarim Depression and North Tarim Uplift.The results of this study provide new data and evidence for the research of the Lower Paleozoic source rocks and petroleum exploration of Tarim Basin, and show that the remote sensing technology is a useful way for petroleum exploration in Northwestern China.
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