Studies of Kerogen From Baise Basin，Guangxi-Also on Relationship of Evolution of Kerogen and Clay Minerals
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摘要: 本文用Ｘ射线、微区分析等方法对广西百色盆地那读三段泥岩中的干酪根进行了详细研究。该盆地干酪根的芳香度（Ｆａ）为０.２８至０.３７，芳香核厚度（Ｌｅ）为１６.６０Ａ到２０.７６Ａ，芳香片层数（ｎ）为５到６层，证明属Ⅱ型干酪根。在同一剖面，Ｆａ随深度增加而变大，表明了干酪根向成熟方向转化。在干酪根中碳元素的分布是不均匀的，一般中间含量高，向边部则含量变低，铁及硅元素也向中间聚集，多数情况下形成ＦｅＳ２核，在核的周围分布有粘土矿物。干酪根成熟程度的变化趋势与粘土矿物的演化趋势在宏观上是一致的，即与蒙脱石转化为伊/蒙混层粘土矿物的趋势一致。并从化学健和能量方面对这种过程进行了一些探讨。Abstract: Kerogen is the direct original material of oil-forming. To determine the type and the mature degree of kerogen is one of the important works in petroleum geology. While studing the clay minerals of Baise Basin，Guangxi，the authors made some detailed work on the kerogen of this of‘-forming region. The type，mature degree，and the evolution process of kerogen was determined through X-ray diffraction and micro-region analysis method，and also by microscopic，atom distribution and infrared work. According to the results of X-ray analysis, the aliphatic degree(Fa) of the kerogen in this region is 0. 28 to 0. 37. On increasing of the depth in the same geological section，the Fa becomes higher，that is ,the kerogen evoluted to mature. By calculation，the height of aliphatic nuclei (Lc ) is between 16. 60 and 20. 76人，the layer number (n) of them is 5 to 6. These are the characteristics of type if kerogen. The evolution process of the kerogen in this region was studied using micro- region method，and also using some routine methods. The lower matured kerogen was photoed by microscope，and the distribution of the atoms in it was analyzed by electronic probe. It is shown that the carbon atom in this kind of lower mature kerogen is not homogeneous, normally higher in the center，lower in the outer part. Iron and silica are also concentrated to the center. Most of the Kerogen have FeS2 nuclei, and around the nuclei mainly are clay minerals. The evolution trent of the mature degree of the kerogen is consistent with the evolution trend of the clay minerals，that is，montmorillonite evoluted to illite/ montmorillonite. The combining patterns of organic molecules and clay minerals were also discussed. According to the thermodynamics data and some experiments of transforming clay minerals, we quantitatively calculated the water and heat that produced by the montmorillonite to illite. It will let out 30 to 40 grams of water and 100 kal of heat by 1 mol montmorillonite transforming to illite. This may be the medium and dynamic power source of the formdtion，evolution，and decomposition of kerogen. It is concluded that the clay minerals were the catalytic promoter for organic material to eveoute to hydrocarbon.
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[1] 中国科学院贵阳地球化学研究所，1s81，铁的地球化学，科学出版社。 [2] 陆琦，雷新荣，刘惠芳，lssl，不规则伊/蒙混层粘土矿物的成因类型及晶体化学分类，矿物学报，11(z):97~1o4, [3] 林传山，白正华，张哲，1985.矿物及有关化合物热力学数据手册，科学出版社。 [4] 秦匡宗，张秀义，劳永新，1987，干酪根的X射线研究，沉积学报，5(1):26~35, [5] 黄第藩.1984，陆相有机质演化和成烃机理，石油出版社。 [6] Brindley G. W. and Brown G.,1989.Crystal Structure of Clay Minerals and Their X一ray Identification. London Press P.197~247. [7] Yen T. F. Erdman J. G. and Pollack S. S.，1961,Analytical Chemistry ,V. 33,N. 11.p. 1587~1594. -
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