天然气水合物地质前景

雷怀彦; 王先彬; 郑艳红; 张中宁; 周晓峰

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天然气水合物地质前景

雷怀彦, 王先彬, 郑艳红, 张中宁, 周晓峰

文章导航 > 沉积学报 > 1999 > 17(S1): 846-853

雷怀彦, 王先彬, 郑艳红, 张中宁, 周晓峰. 天然气水合物地质前景[J]. 沉积学报, 1999, 17(S1): 846-853.

引用本文:

雷怀彦, 王先彬, 郑艳红, 张中宁, 周晓峰. 天然气水合物地质前景[J]. 沉积学报, 1999, 17(S1): 846-853.

LEI Huai-yan, WANG Xian-bin, ZHENG Yan-hong, ZHANG Zhong-ning, ZHOU Xiao-feng. Natural Gas Hydrates-Geol ogical Perespective[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1999, 17(S1): 846-853.

Citation:

LEI Huai-yan, WANG Xian-bin, ZHENG Yan-hong, ZHANG Zhong-ning, ZHOU Xiao-feng. Natural Gas Hydrates-Geol ogical Perespective[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1999, 17(S1): 846-853.

雷怀彦, 王先彬, 郑艳红, 张中宁, 周晓峰. 天然气水合物地质前景[J]. 沉积学报, 1999, 17(S1): 846-853.

引用本文:

雷怀彦, 王先彬, 郑艳红, 张中宁, 周晓峰. 天然气水合物地质前景[J]. 沉积学报, 1999, 17(S1): 846-853.

LEI Huai-yan, WANG Xian-bin, ZHENG Yan-hong, ZHANG Zhong-ning, ZHOU Xiao-feng. Natural Gas Hydrates-Geol ogical Perespective[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1999, 17(S1): 846-853.

Citation:

LEI Huai-yan, WANG Xian-bin, ZHENG Yan-hong, ZHANG Zhong-ning, ZHOU Xiao-feng. Natural Gas Hydrates-Geol ogical Perespective[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1999, 17(S1): 846-853.

天然气水合物地质前景

气体地球化学国家重点实验室,中国科学院兰州地质研究所,兰州 73000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(49973024)

详细信息

作者简介:
雷怀彦，男，1960年出生，研究员(博士)，油气地质学、沉积学。

中图分类号: P618.1

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文章访问数: 721
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Natural Gas Hydrates-Geol ogical Perespective

State Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000

摘要

摘要: 天然气水合物广泛存在于极地地区，通常与冻土带的近海和深海以及陆架和岛屿边缘密切相关。天然气水合物具有三个方面的研究意义：作为化石燃料具有很大的资源潜力；作为临界状态物质，具有水下地质灾害的潜在危害；作为有机碳库，对全球气候变化产生重要影响。气体水合物赋存于地表浅层2000米深度。由于气体水合物的不稳定性特征，温度和压力微小变化都将会造成水合物分解，发生地质灾害，如海底滑塌、滑坡，此类灾害在世界各地曾发生过多次，伴随灾害过程向大气排放大量甲烷，对全球气候变化产生一定影响。
- 天然气水合物 /
- 化石燃料 /
- 地质特征 /
- 资源前景
Abstract: Natural gas hydrates have become an exciting national and international research issue. Gas hydrates,also called gas clathrates,naturally occur in solids comprised of water molecules forming a rigid lattice of cages with most of the cages, each containing a molecule of natural gas,mainly methane. Natural gas hydrates exists worldwide in the polar region,normally associated with onshore and offshore permafrost,and in sediment of outer continental and insular margins. The role that methane hydrates will play in contributing to the world's energy needs will depend on the availability,producibility,and cost of extracting methane from the hydrate phase. The generally accepted estimates of the total amount of methane that in gas hydrates is about twice the total methane of all fossil fuels (i. e. gas,oil,coal, etc.)combined.However, if even a small portion of the suspected gas hydrate accumulation is producible, hydrates would have a significant impact as an energy resource. The total amount of methane in gas hydrates likely exceeds 1019g methane carbon. Three important research areas clearly emerge as common themes in all gas hydrate research plans:(l)hydrates as an energy resource, (2) hydrates as agent of global change,and (3) hydrates as a factor in seafloor stability and geohazards. Because natural gas hydrates represent a large amount of methane within 2000m of the earth's surface, they are considered to be an unconventional,unproven source of fossil fuel.Because gas hydrates are metastable,changes of pressure and temperature affect their stability. Destabilized gas hydrates beneath the seafloor lead to geologic hazards such as submarine slumps and slides,examples of those are found worldwide. Destabilized gas hydrates may also affect climate through the release of methane,a "greenhouse" gas,which may enhance global warming and be an important factor in global climate change. I thought that in each of these aspects an imposing need arises for study that is both technically demanding and of public interest. Here we briefly review those three themes and their underlying scientific opportunitres.
- natural gas hydrate /
- fuel energy /
- properties /
- geological prospective

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[1]

1 Leggett J. The nature of the greenhouse threat in Global Warming [A]. The Green peace Report [C]. In; edited by J. Leggett J, ed. Oxford University Press,New York,1990. 14-43.

2 MacDonald G T. Role of methane clathrates in past and future climates[J]. Clim. Change,1990a,16: 247-281

3 Sloan Jr E D. Clathrate hydrate of natural gases [M]. Marcel Dekker,New York,1990. 286-386

4 Hunt J M. Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology[M]. W H Free-man San Fracisco,Calif,1979. 617

5 Yamamoto S,Alcauskas J B,Crozier T E. Solubility. Solubility of methane in distilled water and seawater[J]. J. Chem. Eng. Data,1976,21:78-80

6 Kevenvolden K A. Gas hydrate-geological perspective and global chage [J].Rev.Geophys, 1993,31:173-187.

7 Shipley T H,Houston M H,Buffler T R,Sharb F J, McMillen K J, Ladd J W，Wirzel J L. Seismic reflection evidence for the widespread occurrence of possiblegas一hydrate horizons on continental slopes and rises [J]. AAPG Bull 1979,63:2204-2213.

8 Yamano M S,Uyeda Y Aoki,Shipley T H. Estimates of heat flow derived from gas hydeates [J]. Geology,1982,10:339-343.

9 Hyndman R D, Davis E E .A mechanism for the formation of methane hydrate and seafloor bottom-simulating reflectors byvertical fluid expulsion [J]. J. Geophys .Res，1992, 97: 7025-7041.

10 Claypool G E,Kaplan I R. The origin and distribution of methane in marine sediments[A]. In;kaplan I R,ed. Natural Gases in the Marine Sediments[C]. Plenum,New York,1974. 99-139.

11 Goodman M A. Insitu gas hydrates:Past experience and exploitation concepts[R]. In ;proceedings 1 st International Gas Research Conference [C]. Government Institutes, Rockville, Md,1980. 376-391.

12 Collet T S, Kvenolden K A. Exploration for gas hydrates [J].I eoII.Kxpu,1990, (1) :8-14.

13 Mathews M. Logging characteristics of methane hydrate[J].Log Anal,1986,27(3):26-63.

14 Bernard B B,Brooks J M,Sackett W M. Natural gas seepage in the Gulf of Mexico [J]. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett,1976,31: 48-54.

15 Galimov E M,Kvenvolden K A. Concentrations and carbon isotopic compositions of CH₄ and CO₂ in gas from sediments of BlakeOuter Ridge,Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 76. In;sheridan R E,et al, eds. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling PROJECT, vOL.76[J]. U. S. Government Printing Office，Washington, D C.1983. 403-407.

16 Claypool G W, Kvenvolded K A .Methane and other hydrocarbon gases in sediment samples from legsl0,11,13,14,15,18 and 19.In : Sholl D W, et al, eds lnitial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Vol. 19[R]. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washing-ton,D C. 1973. 879-884.

17 Kvenvolden K A,Grantz A Gas hydrates of the Arctic Ocean region [A].In;Granta A. Johnson L,Sweeney J F,eds .The Gelolgy of North America, Vol. 1[C]. The Arctic ocean Region, Geological Society of America,Boulder,Colo. 1990. 539-549.

18 Kvenvoledn K A,Kastner M. Gas hydrates of the Peruvian outer continental margin. In; Suess E, ed. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 112 [R]. Ocean Drillingprogram,College Station,Tex. 1990. 517-526.

19 Hesse R,Harrison W E. Gas hydrates (clathrates)causing pore-water freshening and oxygen isotope fractionation in deep-water sedimentary sections of terrigenous continental margins[J]. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett,1981, 55 : 453-562.

20 Kevenvolden K A. Methane hydrate-A major reservoir of carbon in the shallow geosphere7 [J]. Chem. Geo1,1988a,71:41-51.

21 Sloan Jr E D. Natural gas hydrate phase equilibria and kinetics; understanding the state of the art Rev[J]. Inst. Fr. 1990b,45:245-266.

22 Holder G D,Kamath V A,Golbole S P. The potential of natural gas hydratesas an energy resource [J]. Ann. Rev. Energy,1984,9:427-445.

23 Miller J J, Lee M W, Von Huene R. An analysis of a seismic reflection fromthe base of a gas hydrate zone，offshore Peru [J].AAPG Bull, 1991,75:910-924.

24 Dillon W P, Grow J A, Paull C K. Unconventional gas hydrate seals may trapgas off southeast U. S[J]. Oil Gas J,1980, 78 (1):124-130

25 Makogon Yu F. Hydrate of nature gas[M]. pennwell,Tulsa,0k1a,1981. 237.

26 Kvenvolden K A, McMenamin M A. Hydrates of natural gas : A review of their geologic occurrence [J]. U. S. Geol. Surv. Circ.1980,825:11.

27 Collett T S. Potential of gas hydrates outlined[J]. Oil Gas 1. 1992,90(25) :84-87.

28 雷怀彦，王先彬等.天然气水合物研究现状与未来挑战[J].沉积学报，1999,17(3):493-498.

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文章访问数: 721
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天然气水合物地质前景

气体地球化学国家重点实验室,中国科学院兰州地质研究所,兰州 73000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(49973024)

作者简介:
雷怀彦，男，1960年出生，研究员(博士)，油气地质学、沉积学。

收稿日期: 1999-04-06
刊出日期: 1999-12-10

中图分类号: P618.1

关键词:

摘要: 天然气水合物广泛存在于极地地区，通常与冻土带的近海和深海以及陆架和岛屿边缘密切相关。天然气水合物具有三个方面的研究意义：作为化石燃料具有很大的资源潜力；作为临界状态物质，具有水下地质灾害的潜在危害；作为有机碳库，对全球气候变化产生重要影响。气体水合物赋存于地表浅层2000米深度。由于气体水合物的不稳定性特征，温度和压力微小变化都将会造成水合物分解，发生地质灾害，如海底滑塌、滑坡，此类灾害在世界各地曾发生过多次，伴随灾害过程向大气排放大量甲烷，对全球气候变化产生一定影响。

English Abstract

Natural Gas Hydrates-Geol ogical Perespective

State Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000

Received Date: 1999-04-06
Publish Date: 1999-12-10

Keywords:

Abstract: Natural gas hydrates have become an exciting national and international research issue. Gas hydrates,also called gas clathrates,naturally occur in solids comprised of water molecules forming a rigid lattice of cages with most of the cages, each containing a molecule of natural gas,mainly methane. Natural gas hydrates exists worldwide in the polar region,normally associated with onshore and offshore permafrost,and in sediment of outer continental and insular margins. The role that methane hydrates will play in contributing to the world's energy needs will depend on the availability,producibility,and cost of extracting methane from the hydrate phase. The generally accepted estimates of the total amount of methane that in gas hydrates is about twice the total methane of all fossil fuels (i. e. gas,oil,coal, etc.)combined.However, if even a small portion of the suspected gas hydrate accumulation is producible, hydrates would have a significant impact as an energy resource. The total amount of methane in gas hydrates likely exceeds 1019g methane carbon. Three important research areas clearly emerge as common themes in all gas hydrate research plans:(l)hydrates as an energy resource, (2) hydrates as agent of global change,and (3) hydrates as a factor in seafloor stability and geohazards. Because natural gas hydrates represent a large amount of methane within 2000m of the earth's surface, they are considered to be an unconventional,unproven source of fossil fuel.Because gas hydrates are metastable,changes of pressure and temperature affect their stability. Destabilized gas hydrates beneath the seafloor lead to geologic hazards such as submarine slumps and slides,examples of those are found worldwide. Destabilized gas hydrates may also affect climate through the release of methane,a "greenhouse" gas,which may enhance global warming and be an important factor in global climate change. I thought that in each of these aspects an imposing need arises for study that is both technically demanding and of public interest. Here we briefly review those three themes and their underlying scientific opportunitres.

雷怀彦, 王先彬, 郑艳红, 张中宁, 周晓峰. 天然气水合物地质前景[J]. 沉积学报, 1999, 17(S1): 846-853.

引用本文:

雷怀彦, 王先彬, 郑艳红, 张中宁, 周晓峰. 天然气水合物地质前景[J]. 沉积学报, 1999, 17(S1): 846-853.

LEI Huai-yan, WANG Xian-bin, ZHENG Yan-hong, ZHANG Zhong-ning, ZHOU Xiao-feng. Natural Gas Hydrates-Geol ogical Perespective[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1999, 17(S1): 846-853.

Citation:

LEI Huai-yan, WANG Xian-bin, ZHENG Yan-hong, ZHANG Zhong-ning, ZHOU Xiao-feng. Natural Gas Hydrates-Geol ogical Perespective[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1999, 17(S1): 846-853.

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天然气水合物地质前景

作者简介:
雷怀彦，男，1960年出生，研究员(博士)，油气地质学、沉积学。

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Natural Gas Hydrates-Geol ogical Perespective

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天然气水合物地质前景

气体地球化学国家重点实验室,中国科学院兰州地质研究所,兰州 73000

作者简介:
雷怀彦，男，1960年出生，研究员(博士)，油气地质学、沉积学。

English Abstract

Natural Gas Hydrates-Geol ogical Perespective

State Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000

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天然气水合物地质前景

作者简介: 雷怀彦，男，1960年出生，研究员(博士)，油气地质学、沉积学。

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Natural Gas Hydrates-Geol ogical Perespective

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天然气水合物地质前景

气体地球化学国家重点实验室,中国科学院兰州地质研究所,兰州 73000

作者简介: 雷怀彦，男，1960年出生，研究员(博士)，油气地质学、沉积学。

English Abstract

Natural Gas Hydrates-Geol ogical Perespective

State Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000

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作者简介:
雷怀彦，男，1960年出生，研究员(博士)，油气地质学、沉积学。

作者简介:
雷怀彦，男，1960年出生，研究员(博士)，油气地质学、沉积学。