[1] 付锁堂，付金华，席胜利，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系海相页岩气地质特征及勘探前景[J]. 中国石油勘探，2021，26（2）：33-44.

Fu Suotang, Fu Jinhua, Xi Shengli, et al. Geological characteristics of Ordovician marine shale gas in the Ordos Basin and its prospects[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2021, 26(2): 33-44.
[2] 刘子铭，付斯一，魏柳斌，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中—晚奥陶世沉积演化特征及古环境分析[J]. 矿物岩石，2024，44（2）：177-193.

Liu Ziming, Fu Siyi, Wei Liubin, et al. Sedimentary evolution characteristics and paleoenvironmental analysis of the Ordovician in the western margin of the Ordos Basin[J]. Mineralogy and Petrology, 2024, 44(2): 177-193.
[3] 张元动，陈旭. 奥陶纪笔石动物的多样性演变与环境背景[J]. 中国科学：地球科学，2008，38（1）：10-21.

Zhang Yuandong, Chen Xu. Diversity history of Ordovician graptolites and its relationship with environmental change[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2008, 38(1): 10-21.
[4] 邹才能，龚剑明，王红岩，等. 笔石生物演化与地层年代标定在页岩气勘探开发中的重大意义[J]. 中国石油勘探，2019，24（1）：1-6.

Zou Caineng, Gong Jianming, Wang Hongyan, et al. Importance of graptolite evolution and biostratigraphic calibration on shale gas exploration[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019, 24(1): 1-6.
[5] 张娣，刘伟，周业鑫，等. 扬子区西南缘奥陶纪末—志留纪初笔石生物地层对比及意义[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质，2022，42（3）：413-425.

Zhang Di, Liu Wei, Zhou Yexin, et al. Biostratigraphic correlation of graptolites from Late Ordovician to Early Silurian on the southwestern margin of the Yangtze region[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2022, 42(3): 413-425.
[6] 梁峰，王红岩，拜文华，等. 川南地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩笔石带对比及沉积特征[J]. 天然气工业，2017，37（7）：20-26.

Liang Feng, Wang Hongyan, Bai Wenhua, et al. Graptolite correlation and sedimentary characteristics of Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2017, 37(7): 20-26.
[7] 白灵麒，金小赤，刘建波，等. 内蒙古苏尼特左旗北部中―上奥陶统巴彦呼舒组地层划分与沉积环境分析[J]. 地层学杂志，2019，43（4）：442-452.

Bai Lingqi, Jin Xiaochi, Liu Jianbo, et al. Stratigraphic subdivision and depositional environment of the Middle-Upper Ordovician Bayanhushu Formation in northern sonid Zuoqi of Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2019, 43(4): 442-452.
[8] 傅力浦，胡云绪，张子福，等. 鄂尔多斯中、上奥陶统沉积环境的生物标志[J]. 西北地质科学，1993，14（2）：1-96.

Fu Lipu, Hu Yunxu, Zhang Zifu, et al. The mark on the ecology of Sedimentarial environment in Middle and Upper Ordovcian at Ordos Basin[J]. Northwest Geoscience, 1993, 14(2): 1-96.
[9] 马占荣，白海峰，刘宝宪，等. 鄂尔多斯西部地区中—晚奥陶世克里摩里期—乌拉力克期岩相古地理[J]. 古地理学报，2013，15（6）：751-764.

Ma Zhanrong, Bai Haifeng, Liu Baoxian, et al. Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Middle-Late Ordovician Kelimoli and Wulalike Ages in western Ordos area[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2013, 15(6): 751-764.
[10] 张文华，徐怀大，王广昀，等. 桌子山奥陶系沉积层序特征[M]. 北京：石油工业出版社，1996：1-83.

Zhang Wenhua, Xu Huaida, Wang Guangyun, et al. Characteristics of the Ordovician sedimentary sequence in Zhuozi Mountain[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1996: 1-83.
[11] 孙肇才，胡显穆. 鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘奥陶系的对比划分意见及其对中西部油气勘探的意义[J]. 海相油气地质，2002，7（4）：41-58.

Sun Zhaocai, Hu Xianmu. View on the correlation and demarcation of the Ordovician series in the southwestern margin region of Ordos Basin and the significance of petroleum exploration in central-western part of China[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2002, 7(4): 41-58.
[12] 于洲，周进高，李程善，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶纪克里摩里期—乌拉力克期构造—岩相古地理特征[J]. 天然气地球科学，2021，32（6）：816-825.

Yu Zhou, Zhou Jingao, Li Chengshan, et al. Tectonic-lithofacies paleogeographic characteristics of Ordovician Kelimoli and Wulalike stages in the western edge of Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2021, 32(6): 816-825.
[13] 孙华丽，高建荣，付玲，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系古环境恢复及沉积体系分析[J]. 东北石油大学学报，2023，47（1）：44-56，69.

Sun Huali, Gao Jianrong, Fu Ling, et al. Restoration of Ordovician paleoenvironment and analysis of sedimentary system in the western margin of Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2023, 47(1): 44-56, 69.
[14] 席胜利，莫午零，刘新社，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系乌拉力克组页岩气勘探潜力：以忠平1井为例[J]. 天然气地球科学，2021，32（8）：1235-1246.

Xi Shengli, Mo Wuling, Liu Xinshe, et al. Shale gas exploration potential of Ordovician Wulalike Formation in the western margin of Ordos Basin: Case study of well Zhongping 1[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2021, 32(8): 1235-1246.
[15] 冯弋秦. 鄂尔多斯盆地西北缘乌拉力克组泥页岩储层特征及成藏模式研究[D]. 成都：成都理工大学，2020：1-74.

Feng Yiqin. Reservoir characteristics and accumulation model of mud shale of Wulalik Formation in northwestern margin of Ordos Basin[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2020: 1-74.
[16] 吴东旭，吴兴宁，李程善，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地西部奥陶系乌拉力克组烃源岩沉积模式及生烃潜力[J]. 海相油气地质，2021，26（2）：123-130.

Wu Dongxu, Wu Xingning, Li Chengshan, et al. Sedimentary model and hydrocarbon-generation potential of source rock of the Ordovician Ulalik Formation in western Ordos Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2021, 26(2): 123-130.
[17] 席胜利，郑聪斌，李振宏. 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系地球化学特征及其沉积环境意义[J]. 古地理学报，2004，6（2）：196-206.

Xi Shengli, Zheng Congbin, Li Zhenhong. Geochemical characteristics and its sedimentary environment significance of the Ordovician in western margin of Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2004, 6(2): 196-206.
[18] 朱淑玥，刘磊，王峰，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘及邻区石炭系羊虎沟组砂体成因机制与沉积过程[J]. 沉积学报，2023，41（4）：1153-1169.

Zhu Shuyue, Liu Lei, Wang Feng, et al. Genetic mechanism and depositional processes of sandy sediments from the Carboniferous Yanghugou Formation along the western margin of the Ordos Basin and its adjacent areas[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2023, 41(4): 1153-1169.
[19] 赵裕亭. 浙江江山衢县一带宁国组中的对笔石[C]//中国地质科学院地层古生物论文集编委会. 地层古生物论文集（第三辑）. 北京：地质出版社，1977：86-107.

Zhao Yuting. The Didymograptus species in the Ningguo Formation in the area of Jiangshan and Quxian, Zhejiang[C]//Editorial Committee of the Collection of Papers on Stratigraphic Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. Collection of Papers on Stratigraphic Paleontology (Volume 3). Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1977: 86-107.
[20] 张元动，詹仁斌，甄勇毅，等. 中国奥陶纪综合地层和时间框架[J]. 中国科学：地球科学，2019，49（1）：66-92.

Zhang Yuandong, Zhan Renbin, Zhen Yongyi, et al. Ordovician integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2019, 49(1): 66-92.
[21] 张元动，詹仁斌，王志浩，等. 中国奥陶纪地层及标志化石图集[M]. 杭州：浙江大学出版社，2020：1-575.

Zhang Yuandong, Zhan Renbin, Wang Zhihao, et al. Ordovician stratigraphy and index fossils of China[M]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 2020: 1-575.
[22] Maletz J, Ahlberg P, Lundberg F. Ordovician graptolite biostratigraphy of the Röstånga-2 drill core (Scania, southern Sweden)[J]. GFF, 2020, 142(3): 206-222.
[23] 陈旭，张元动，丹尼尔·古特曼，等. 中国西北地区奥陶系达瑞威尔阶至凯迪阶的笔石研究[M]. 杭州：浙江大学出版社，2017：1-321.

Chen Xu, Zhang Yuandong, Goldman D, et al. Darriwilian to Katian (Ordovician) graptolites from northwest China[M]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 2017: 1-321.
[24] 王志浩，伯格斯特龙，甄勇毅，等. 内蒙古乌海大石门奥陶系牙形刺和Histiodella动物群发现的意义[J]. 微体古生物学报，2013，30（4）：323-343.

Wang Zhihao, Bergström S, Zhen Yongyi, et al. Ordovician Conodonts from Dashimen, Wuhai in inner Mongolia and the significance of the discovery of the Histiodellafauna[J]. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 2013, 30(4): 323-343.
[25] Bergström S M, Wang Z H, Goldman D. Relations between Darriwilian and Sandbian conodont and graptolite biozones[M]//Chen X, Bergström S M, Finney S C, et al. Darriwilian to Katian (Ordovician) graptolites from northwest China. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2015: 39-78.
[26] Goldman D, Nõlvak J, Maletz J. Middle to Late Ordovician graptolite and chitinozoan biostratigraphy of the Kandava-25 drill core in western Latvia[J]. GFF, 2015, 137(3): 197-211.
[27] Maletz J, Egenhoff S, Böhme M, et al. The Elnes Formation of southern Norway: Key to the Middle Ordovician biostratigraphy & biogeography[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2007, 46(Suppl.): 298-304.
[28] Chen X, Zhang Y D, Daniel G, et al. Darriwilian to Katian (Ordovician) Graptolites from northwest China[M]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 2016: 1-370.
[29] Finney S C, Bergstrom S M, Chen X, et al. The Pingliang section, Gansu province, China: Potential as global stratotype for the base of the Nemagraptus gracilis Biozone and the base of the global Upper Ordovician Series[J]. Acta Univeritatis Carolinae-Geologica, 1999, 43(1/2): 73-76.
[30] Bergström S M, Finney S C, Xu C, et al. A proposed global boundary stratotype for the base of the Upper series of the Ordovician system: The Fågelsång section, Scania, southern Sweden[J]. Episodes, 2000, 23(2): 102-109.
[31] 樊茹，马雪莹，吕丹，等. 甘肃平凉上奥陶统牙形石和笔石生物地层[J]. 地质学报，2020，94（11）：3213-3227.

Fan Ru, Ma Xueying, Dan Lü, et al. Upper Ordovician conodont and graptolite biostratigraphy of Pingliang, Gansu province, China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2020, 94(11): 3213-3227.
[32] 董轶婷，刘建波，陈宇轩，等. 早—中奥陶世华南古海洋氧化还原变化及其对奥陶纪生物大辐射的意义[J]. 北京大学学报（自然科学版），2018，54（4）：739-751.

Dong Yiting, Liu Jianbo, Chen Yuxuan, et al. Redox variation during the early and Middle Ordovician in South China and its implication to the great Ordovician Biodiversification event[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2018, 54(4): 739-751.
[33] 陈旭，张元动，李越，等. 塔里木盆地及周缘奥陶系黑色岩系的生物地层学对比[J]. 中国科学：地球科学，2012，42（8）：1173-1181.

Chen Xu, Zhang Yuandong, Li Yue, et al. Biostratigraphic correlation of the Ordovician black shales in Tarim Basin and its peripheral regions[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2012, 42(8): 1173-1181.
[34] 付力浦. 陕西陇县龙门洞中奥陶世笔石分带[J]. 西北地质，1979（4）：23-37.

Fu Lipu. Middle ordovian graptolite zone of Longxian, and disciption of some Midde Ordovician climacograptus[J]. Northwestern Geology, 1979(4): 23-37.
[35] Chen X, Bergström S M, Zhang Y D, et al. Upper Ordovician (Sandbian–Katian) graptolite and conodont zonation in the Yangtze region, China[J]. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 2010, 101(2): 111-134.
[36] 俞剑华，方一亭，刘怀宝. 安徽省宁国县胡乐地区含笔石地层研究新进展[J]. 中国地质科学院院报，1986（1）：25-34.

Yu Jianhua, Fang Yiting, Liu Huaibao. New advances in the Ordovician grap-tolite-bearing strata from the Hule area in Ningguo county, southern Anhui[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 1986(1): 25-34.
[37] Cooper R A, Maletz J, Taylor L, et al. Graptolites: Patterns of diversity across paleolatitudes[M]//Webby B D, Paris F, Droser M L, et al. The great Ordovician biodiversification event. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004: 281-293.
[38] 张元动，陈旭， Goldman D，等. 华南早—中奥陶世主要环境下笔石动物的多样性与生物地理分布[J]. 中国科学：地球科学，2010，40（9）：1164-1180.

Zhang Yuandong, Chen Xu, Goldman D, et al. Diversity and paleobiogeographic distribution patterns of Early and Middle Ordovician graptolites in distinct depositional environments of South China[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2010, 40(9): 1164-1180.
[39] 邓昆，张哨楠，周立发，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地古生代中央古隆起形成演化与油气勘探[J]. 大地构造与成矿学，2011，35（2）：190-197.

Deng Kun, Zhang Shaonan, Zhou Lifa, et al. Formation and tectonic evolution of the Paleozoic central Paleouplift of Ordos Basin and its implications for oil-gas exploration[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2011, 35(2): 190-197.
[40] 邵东波，包洪平，魏柳斌，等. 鄂尔多斯地区奥陶纪构造古地理演化与沉积充填特征[J]. 古地理学报，2019，21（4）：537-556.

Shao Dongbo, Bao Hongping, Wei Liubin, et al. Tectonic palaeogeography evolution and sedimentary filling characteristics of the Ordovician in the Ordos area[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2019, 21(4): 537-556.
[41] 李福奇，王晓锋，刘文汇，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系乌拉力克组页岩气地球化学特征与成因[J]. 天然气地球科学，2025，35（9）：1626-1637.

Li Fuqi, Wang Xiaofeng, Liu Wenhui, et al. Geochemical characteristics and genesis of shale gas in the Ordovician Wulalik Formation in the western, Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2025, 35(9): 1626-1637.
[42] 于洲，黄正良，李维岭，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地中奥陶统乌拉力克组海相页岩岩相类型及优质储层发育特征[J]. 天然气工业，2023，43（3）：23-33.

Yu Zhou, Huang Zhengliang, Li Weiling, et al. Lithofacies types and high-quality reservoir development characteristics of marine shale in the Middle Ordovician Wulalike Formation, Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2023, 43(3): 23-33.
[43] 张成弓. 鄂尔多斯盆地早古生代中央古隆起形成演化与物质聚集分布规律[D]. 成都：成都理工大学，2013：1-114.

Zhang Chenggong. Forming evolution and sediments accumulation & distribution regularity of central paleouplift in Eopaleozoic, Ordos Basin[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2013: 1-114.
[44] Lin W, Bhattacharya J P, Stockford A. High-resolution sequence stratigraphy and implications for Cretaceous glacioeustasy of the Late Cretaceous Gallup system, New Mexico, U.S.A.[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2019, 89(6): 552-575.
[45] 易定鑫，田景春，井翠，等. 五峰组—龙马溪组笔石带划分与沉积环境的意义：以重庆武隆接龙剖面为例[J]. 东北石油大学学报，2019，43（6）：33-43.

Yi Dingxin, Tian Jingchun, Jing Cui, et al. Graptolite biostratigraphy and sedimentary environment significance: A case study from the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation of Jielong Section in Wulong, Southeastern Chongqing[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2019, 43(6): 33-43.
[46] 李刚，赵迪斐，郭英海. 川东南地区龙马溪组页岩笔石与沉积环境的关系[J]. 科学技术与工程，2018，18（12）：16-23.

Li Gang, Zhao Difei, Guo Yinghai. The relationship between graptolite of Longmaxi shale and sedimentary environment in southeastern Sichuan[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2018, 18(12): 16-23.
[47] Ma X, Zhang Y D. On the morphological complexity of the graptolite Tubaria in the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician)[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition, 2019, 93(Supp. 3): 135-137.
[48] 王传尚，汪啸风，陈孝红. 奥陶纪笔石体的复杂化及其与海平面变化的关系[J]. 华南地质与矿产，2000，16（1）：11-15.

Wang Chuanshang, Wang Xiaofeng, Chen Xiaohong. Relationships between Rhabdosome complication and Ordovician sea level changes[J]. Geology and Mineral Resources of South China, 2000, 16(1): 11-15.
[49] 王传尚，汪啸风. 早—中奥陶世之交笔石动物群全球分布及其控制作用[J]. 地质科技情报，2011，30（2）：41-44，51.

Wang Chuanshang, Wang Xiaofeng. Global distribution of graptolite fauna and its controlling factor during the Lower-Middle Ordovician transitional Period[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2011, 30(2): 41-44, 51.