[1] Bahlburg H, Vervoort J D, Dufrane S A. Plate tectonic significance of middle Cambrian and Ordovician siliciclastic rocks of the Bavarian facies, Armorican terrane assemblage, Germany-U-Pb and Hf isotope evidence from detrital zircons[J]. Gondwana Research, 2010, 17(2/3): 223-235.
[2] Hou M C, Chen A Q, Ogg J G, et al. China paleogeography: Current status and future challenges[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2019, 189: 177-193.
[3] 刘少峰,张国伟. 东秦岭—大别山及邻区盆—山系统演化与动力学[J]. 地质通报,2008,27（12）：1943-1960.

Liu Shaofeng, Zhang Guowei. Evolution and geodynanamics of basin/mountain systems in East Qinling-Dabieshan and its adjacent regions, China[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2008, 27(12): 1943-1960.
[4] Cawood P A, Hawkesworth C J, Dhuime B. Detrital zircon record and tectonic setting[J]. Geology, 2012, 40(10): 875-878.
[5] 杨仁超,李进步,樊爱萍,等. 陆源沉积岩物源分析研究进展与发展趋势[J]. 沉积学报,2013,31（1）：99-107.

Yang Renchao, Li Jinbu, Fan Aiping, et al. Research progress and development tendency of provenance analysis on terrigenous sedimentary rocks[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2013, 31(1): 99-107.
[6] 赵红格,刘池洋. 物源分析方法及研究进展[J]. 沉积学报,2003,21（3）：409-415.

Zhao Hongge, Liu Chiyang. Approaches and prospects of provenance analysis[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2003, 21(3): 409-415.
[7] Li Z X, Bogdanova S V, Collins A S, et al. Assembly, configuration, and break-up history of Rodinia: A synthesis[J]. Precambrian Research, 2008, 160(1/2): 179-210.
[8] Hoffman P F, Li Z X. A palaeogeographic context for Neoproterozoic glaciation[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2009, 277(3/4): 158-172.
[9] Nance R D, Murphy J B, Santosh M. The supercontinent cycle: A retrospective essay[J]. Gondwana Research, 2014, 25(1): 4-29.
[10] Du Q D, Wang Z J, Wang J, et al. Geochronology and paleoenvironment of the pre-Sturtian glacial strata: Evidence from the Liantuo Formation in the Nanhua rift basin of the Yangtze Block, South China[J]. Precambrian Research, 2013, 233: 118-131.
[11] Lan Z W, Li X H, Zhu M Y, et al. Revisiting the Liantuo Formation in Yangtze Block, South China: SIMS U-Pb zircon age constraints and regional and global significance[J]. Precambrian Research, 2015, 263: 123-141.
[12] 尹崇玉,刘敦一,高林志,等. 南华系底界与古城冰期的年龄：SHRIMPⅡ定年证据[J]. 科学通报,2003,48（16）：1721-1725.

Yin Chongyu, Liu Dunyi, Gao Linzhi, et al. Lower boundary age of the Nanhua System and the Gucheng glacial stage: Evidence from SHRIMP II dating[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2003, 48(16): 1721-1725.
[13] 冯连君,储雪蕾,张启锐,等. 化学蚀变指数（CIA）及其在新元古代碎屑岩中的应用[J]. 地学前缘,2003,10（4）：539-544.

Feng Lianjun, Chu Xuelei, Zhang Qirui, et al. CIA (chemical index of alteration) and its applications in the Neoproterozoic clastic rocks[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2003, 10(4): 539-544.
[14] 王自强,尹崇玉,高林志,等. 宜昌三斗坪地区南华系化学蚀变指数特征及南华系划分、对比的讨论[J]. 地质论评,2006,52（5）：577-585.

Wang Ziqiang Yin Chongyu, Gao Linzhi, et al. The character of the chemical index of alteration and discussion of subdivision and correlation of the Nanhua System in Yichang area[J]. Geological Review, 2006, 52(5): 577-585.
[15] 刘鸿允. 中国震旦系[M]. 北京：科学出版社,1991：1-388.

Liu Hongyun. Sinian System in China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1991: 1-388.
[16] 王剑. 华南新元古代裂谷盆地演化：兼论与Rodinia解体的关系[M]. 北京：地质出版社,2000：1-146.

Wang Jian. Sedimentary evolution of Neoproterozoic rift basin in South China: A discussion on its relationship with Rodinia disintegration[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2000: 1-146.
[17] 汪正江. 关于建立“板溪系”的建议及其基础的讨论：以黔东地区为例[J]. 地质论评,2008,54（3）：296-306.

Wang Zhengjiang. A proposal to establish the Banxi System and discussion on its foundations: Based mainly on studies in eastern Guizhou area[J]. Geological Review, 2008, 54(3): 296-306.
[18] 周传明. 扬子区新元古代前震旦纪地层对比[J]. 地层学杂志,2016,40（2）：120-135.

Zhou Chuanming. Neoproterozoic lithostratigraphy and correlation across the Yangtze Block, South China[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2016, 40(2): 120-135.
[19] 邓奇,汪正江,杨菲,等. 浙西北建德地区休宁组沉积时限的厘定：来自凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年代学的制约[J]. 地质学报,2019,93（2）：414-427.

Deng Qi, Wang Zhengjiang, Yang Fei, et al. Depositional age of the Xiuning Formation in the Jiande area, northwestern Zhejiang province: Constraints from U-Pb zircon tuff geochronology[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2019, 93(2): 414-427.
[20] 李夔洲. 扬子陆块北缘大洪山地区新元古代中期沉积盆地性质及前寒武纪地壳演化[D]. 成都：成都理工大学,2020.

Li Kuizhou. Mid-Neoproterozoic characteristics of sedimentary basin in the Dahongshan area of the northern Yangtze Block, South China, and Precambrian crustal evolution[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2020.
[21] Zhang S B, Zheng Y F, Wu Y B, et al. Zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotope evidence for 3.8 Ga crustal remnant and episodic reworking of Archean crust in South China[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2006, 252(1/2): 56-71.
[22] 佘振兵. 中上扬子上元古界—中生界碎屑锆石年代学研究[D]. 武汉：中国地质大学,2007.

She Zhenbing. Detrital zircon geochronology of the Upper Proterozoic-Mesozoic clastic rocks in the mid-Upper Yangtze region[D]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences, 2007.
[23] Liu X M, Gao S, Diwu C R, et al. Precambrian crustal growth of Yangtze Craton as revealed by detrital zircon studies[J]. American Journal of Science, 2008, 308(4): 421-468.
[24] Wang Z J, Wang J, Du Q D, et al. Mature Archean continental crust in the Yangtze Craton: Evidence from petrology, geochronology and geochemistry[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2013, 58(19): 2360-2369.
[25] 宋芳,牛志军,何垚砚,等. 中扬子地区南华纪早期碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其对物源特征和古地理格局的约束[J]. 地质学报,2016,90（10）：2661-2680.

Song Fang, Niu Zhijun, He Yaoyan, et al. U-Pb age of detrital zircon and its restriction of provenance & paleogeographic characteristics of early Nanhua period in Middle Yangtze[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2016, 90(10): 2661-2680.
[26] 张雄,曾佐勋,潘黎黎,等. 对湖北大洪山地区一套紫红色砂—砾岩系沉积年代的再认识：碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义[J]. 地质通报,2016,35（7）：1069-1080.

Zhang Xiong, Zeng Zuoxun, Pan Lili, et al. Recognition of the sedimentation age of a series of purple-red colored glutenite sedimentary rocks in Dahong mountain area, northern Hubei province: Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and its geological significance[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2016, 35(7): 1069-1080.
[27] 杜秋定,王剑,汪正江,等. 扬子地块新元古代裂谷盆地莲沱组沉积分异及其物源分析[J]. 地球科学,2021,46（7）：2529-2543.

Du Qiuding, Wang Jian, Wang Zhengjiang, et al. Depositional differentiation and porvenance analysis of Liantuo Formation in Neoproterozoic rift basin, Yangtze Block[J]. Earth Science, 2021, 46(7): 2529-2543.
[28] 王田,汪正江,肖渊甫,等. 扬子陆块新元古代首次冰期前的区域沉降及其沉积响应研究[J]. 地质论评,2020,66（4）：1060-1080.

Wang Tian, Wang Zhengjiang, Xiao Yuanfu, et al. Study on the regional subsidence and its sedimentary response before the first Neoproterozoic glaciation in Yangtze Block[J]. Geological Review, 2020, 66(4): 1060-1080.
[29] Li X H. U-Pb zircon ages of granites from the southern margin of the Yangtze Block: Timing of Neoproterozoic Jinning: Orogeny in SE China and implications for Rodinia assembly[J]. Precambrian Research, 1999, 97(1/2): 43-57.
[30] Wang J, Li Z X. History of Neoproterozoic rift basins in South China: Implications for Rodinia break-up[J]. Precambrian Research, 2003, 122(1/2/3/4): 141-158.
[31] 邓奇,王剑,汪正江,等. 江南造山带新元古代中期（830~750 Ma）岩浆活动及对构造演化的制约[J]. 大地构造与成矿学,2016,40（4）：753-771.

Deng Qi, Wang Jian, Wang Zhengjiang, et al. Middle Neoproterozoic magmatic activities and their constraints on tectonic evolution of the Jiangnan orogen[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2016, 40(4): 753-771.
[32] Zhao G C, Cawood P A. Precambrian geology of China[J]. Precambrian Research, 2012, 222-223: 13-54.
[33] 湖北省地质矿产局. 1：50000客店坡东半幅、古城畈幅以及三阳店幅区域地质调查报告[R]. 1986.

Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. 1:50000 regional geological survey report of east half of Kedianpo, Gucheng Fan and Sanyangdian[R]. 1986.
[34] 邓奇,崔晓庄,汪正江,等. 扬子陆块北缘构造演化新认识：来自原花山群年代学和地球化学的制约[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质,2023,43（1）：212-225.

Deng Qi, Cui Xiaozhuang, Wang Zhengjiang, et al. New understanding of the tectonic evolution of the northern margin of Yangtze Block: Constraints from the geochronology and geochemistry of the Huashan Group[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2023, 43(1): 212-225.
[35] Li K Z, Deng Q, Hou M C, et al. Geochronology and sedimentology of the Huashan Group in the northern Yangtze Block: Implications for the initial breakup of the South China[J]. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2020, 109(6): 2113-2131.
[36] Li K Z, Deng Q, Wang J, et al. Detrital zircon in the Huashan Group, northern Yangtze Block: Implications for the nature of Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins and Precambrian crustal evolution[J]. Geological Journal, 2020, 55(12): 8211-8224.
[37] Hu Z C, Liu Y S, Gao S, et al. A “wire” signal smoothing device for laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 2012, 78: 50-57.
[38] Liu Y S, Gao S, Hu Z C, et al. Continental and oceanic crust recycling-induced melt-peridotite interactions in the Trans-North China orogen: U-Pb dating, Hf isotopes and trace elements in zircons from mantle xenoliths[J]. Journal of Petrology, 2010, 51(1/2): 537-571.
[39] Ludwig K R. User's manual for ISOPLOT 3.00: A geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel[R]. Berkeley: Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2003: 39.
[40] Kirkland C L, Smithies R H, Taylor R J M, et al. Zircon Th/U ratios in magmatic environs[J]. Lithos, 2015, 212-215: 397-414.
[41] Lee J S, Chao Y T. Geology of the Gorge district of the Yangtze (from Ichang to Tzekuei) with special reference to development of the Gorges[J]. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China, 1924, 3: 351-392.
[42] 刘鸿允,沙庆安. 长江峡东区震旦系新见[J]. 地质科学,1963,4（4）：77-187.

Liu Hongyun, Sha Qing'an. A new view of the Sinian System in the east of the Yangtze River Gorge[J]. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1963, 4(4): 77-187.
[43] 湖北省地质局三峡地层研究组. 峡东地区震旦纪至二迭纪地层古生物[M]. 北京：地质出版社,1978.

The Three Gorges Stratigraphic Research Group of Hubei Provincial Bureau of Geology. Sinian-Permian stratigraphic paleontology in the east of the Three Gorges area[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1978.
[44] 高维,张传恒. 长江三峡黄陵花岗岩与莲沱组凝灰岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其构造地层意义[J]. 地质通报,2009,28（1）：45-50.

Gao Wei, Zhang Chuanheng. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages of the Hnangling granite and the tuff beds from Liantuo Formation in the Three Gorges area of Yangtze River, China and its geological significance[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2009, 28(1): 45-50.
[45] 徐琼,江拓,侯林春,等. 陆块三峡地区莲沱组砂岩中碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义[J]. 地球科学,2021,46（4）：1217-1230.

Xu Qiong, Jiang Tuo, Hou Linchun, et al. Detrital zircon compositions of U-Pb ages and Hf isotope for sandstone of Liantuo Formation from Three Gorges area, Yangtze Block and its geological significance[J]. Earth Sciences, 2021, 46(4): 1217-1230.
[46] Hofmann M, Linnemann U, Rai V, et al. The India and South China Cratons at the margin of Rodinia:Synchronous Neoproterozoic magmatism revealed by LA-ICP-MS zircon analyses[J]. Lithos, 2011, 123(1/2/3/4): 176-187.
[47] 宁括步,邓奇,崔晓庄,等. 扬子陆块北缘大洪山地区莲沱组底部凝灰岩锆石U-Pb定年及其地层学意义[J]. 地质通报, 2024,43（2/3）：363-375.

Ning Kuobu, Deng Qi, Cui Xiaozhuang, et al. Zircon U-Pb age and stratigraphic significance of the tuff from the lowermost Liantuo Formation in the Dahongshan area of the northern Yangtze Block[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2024,43(2/3):363-375.
[48] Zhang S H, Jiang G Q, Han Y G. The age of the Nantuo Formation and Nantuo glaciation in South China[J]. Terra Nova, 2008, 20(4): 289-294.
[49] 蔡娟娟,崔晓庄,兰中伍,等. 华南扬子陆块成冰纪冰川作用的启动时限及其全球对比[J]. 古地理学报,2018,20（1）：65-86.

Cai Juanjuan, Cui Xiaozhuang, Lan Zhongwu, et al. Onset time and global correlation of the Cryogenian glaciations in Yangtze Block, South China[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), 2018, 20(1): 65-86.
[50] Zhou C M, Huyskens M H, Lang X G, et al. Calibrating the terminations of Cryogenian global glaciations[J]. Geology, 2019, 47(3): 251-254.
[51] 杜远生. 关于古流分析的讨论[J]. 古地理学报,2018,20（5）：925-926.

Du Yuansheng. Disscusion on palaeocurrent analysis[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), 2018, 20(5): 925-926.
[52] 王剑,谭富文,付修根,等. 沉积岩工作方法[M]. 北京：地质出版社,2015.

Wang Jian, Tan Fuwen, Fu Xiugen. Working methods of sedimentary rocks[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2015.
[53] 许露露,龚志愚,徐聪,等. 下扬子鄂东南南华系莲沱组—南沱组岩性特征及岩相古地理[J]. 资源环境与工程,2019,33（2）：159-163,201.

Xu Lulu, Gong Zhiyu, Xu Cong, et al. Lithological characteristics and lithofacies palaeogeography of the Liantuo-Nantuo Formation of the South China System in the southeastern part of Hubei province[J]. Resources Environment & Engineering, 2019, 33(2): 159-163, 201.
[54] Yin C Q, Lin S F, Davis D W, et al. 2.1-1.85Ga tectonic events in the Yangtze Block, South China: Petrological and geochronological evidence from the Kongling complex and implications for the reconstruction of supercontinent Columbia[J]. Lithos, 2013, 182-183: 200-210.
[55] Han Q S, Peng S B, Polat A, et al. Petrogenesis and geochronology of Paleoproterozoic magmatic rocks in the Kongling complex: Evidence for a collisional orogenic event in the Yangtze Craton[J]. Lithos, 2019, 342-343: 513-529.
[56] Deng H, Peng S B, Polat A, et al. Neoproterozoic IAT intrusion into Mesoproterozoic MOR Miaowan ophiolite, Yangtze Craton: Evidence for evolving tectonic settings[J]. Precambrian Research, 2017, 289: 75-94.
[57] Deng Q, Wang J, Wang Z J, et al. Continental flood basalts of the Huashan Group, northern margin of the Yangtze Block: Implications for the breakup of Rodinia[J]. International Geology Review, 2013, 55(15): 1865-1884.
[58] Xu Y, Yang K G, Polat A, et al. The ~860Ma mafic dikes and granitoids from the northern margin of the Yangtze Block, China: A record of oceanic subduction in the Early Neoproterozoic[J]. Precambrian Research, 2016, 275: 310-331.
[59] Li X H, Li W X, Li Z X, et al. 850-790 Ma bimodal volcanic and intrusive rocks in northern Zhejiang, South China: A major episode of continental rift magmatism during the breakup of Rodinia[J]. Lithos, 2008, 102(1/2): 341-357.
[60] 董树文,薛怀民,项新葵,等. 赣北庐山地区新元古代细碧—角斑岩系枕状熔岩的发现及其地质意义[J]. 中国地质,2010,37（4）：1021-1033.

Dong Shuwen, Xue Huaimin, Xiang Xinkui, et al. The discovery of Neoproterozoic pillow lava in spilite-ceratophyre of Lushan area,northern Jiangxi province, and its geological significance[J]. Geology in China, 2010, 37(4): 1021-1033.
[61] 王建其,杨钊,董云鹏,等. 南秦岭城口火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和地球化学研究[J]. 地质论评,2016,6（22）：491-501.

Wang Jianqi, Yang Zhao, Dong Yunpeng, et al. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age and geochemistry of the Chengkou volcanic rocks, South Qinling: Implications for Neoproterozoic evolution of the northern margin of Yangtze Block[J]. Geological Review, 2016, 62(2): 491-501.
[62] Qiu Y M, Gao S, McNaughton N J, et al. First evidence of > 3.2 Ga continental crust in the Yangtze Craton of South China and its implications for Archean crustal evolution and Phanerozoic tectonics[J]. Geology, 2000, 28(1): 11-14.
[63] Chen W T, Zhou M F, Zhao X F. Late Paleoproterozoic sedimentary and mafic rocks in the Hekou area, SW China: Implication for the reconstruction of the Yangtze Block in Columbia[J]. Precambrian Research, 2013, 231: 61-77.
[64] Guo J L, Wu Y B, Gao S, et al. Episodic Paleoarchean-Paleoproterozoic (3.3-2.0Ga) granitoid magmatism in Yangtze Craton, South China: Implications for Late Archean tectonics[J]. Precambrian Research, 2015, 270: 246-266.
[65] Wang Z J, Deng Q, Duan T Z, et al. 2.85 Ga and 2.73 Ga A-type granites and 2.75 Ga trondhjemite from the Zhongxiang terrain: Implications for early crustal evolution of the Yangtze Craton, South China[J]. Gondwana Research, 2018, 61: 1-19.
[66] Wu Y B, Zhou G Y, Gao S, et al. Petrogenesis of Neoarchean TTG rocks in the Yangtze Craton and its implication for the formation of Archean TTGs[J]. Precambrian Research, 2014, 254: 73-86.
[67] Zhou G Y, Wu Y B, Gao S, et al. The 2.65 Ga A-type granite in the northeastern Yangtze Craton: Petrogenesis and geological implications[J]. Precambrian Research, 2015, 258: 247-259.
[68] Wang Z J, Wang J, Deng Q, et al. Paleoproterozoic I-type granites and their implications for the Yangtze Block position in the Columbia supercontinent: Evidence from the Lengshui complex, South China[J]. Precambrian Research, 2015, 263: 157-173.
[69] Li K Z, Deng Q, Wang J, et al. Paleoproterozoic S-type granites in the Lengshui complex, South China: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Yangtze Block[J]. International Geology Review, 2020, 63(12): 1471-1489.
[70] Wu Y B, Zheng Y F, Gao S, et al. Zircon U-Pb age and trace element evidence for Paleoproterozoic granulite-facies metamorphism and Archean crustal rocks in the Dabie orogen[J]. Lithos, 2008, 101(3/4): 308-322.
[71] Wu Y B, Gao S, Zhang H F, et al. Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology of Paleoproterozoic arc related granitoid in the northwestern Yangtze Block and its geological implications[J]. Precambrian Research, 2012, 200-203: 26-37.
[72] 邓奇,汪正江,任光明,等. 扬子地块西北缘～2.09 Ga和～1.76 Ga花岗质岩石：Columbia超大陆聚合—裂解的岩浆记录[J]. 地球科学,2020,45（9）：3295-3312.

Deng Qi, Wang Zhengjiang, Ren Guangming, et al. Identification of the∼ 2.09 Ga and∼ 1.76 Ga granitoids in the northwestern Yangtze Block: Records of the assembly and break-up of Columbia supercontinent[J]. Earth Science, 2020, 45(9): 3295-3312.
[73] Ling W L, Gao S, Zhang B R, et al. Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the northwestern Yangtze Craton, South China: Implications for amalgamation and break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent[J]. Precambrian Research, 2003, 122(1/2/3/4): 111-140.
[74] Wang R R, Xu Z Q, Santosh M, et al. Middle Neoproterozoic (ca. 705-716 Ma) arc to rift transitional magmatism in the northern margin of the Yangtze Block: Constraints from geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes[J]. Journal of Geodynamics, 2017, 109: 59-74.
[75] 刘仁燕,牛宝贵,李崇. 南秦岭武当群锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志,2020,39（6）：751-768.

Liu Renyan, Niu Baogui, Li Chong. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating of the Wudang Group in South Qinling belt and its geological significance[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2020, 39(6): 751-768.
[76] 田辉,李怀坤,周红英,等. 扬子板块北缘花山群沉积时代及其对Rodinia超大陆裂解的制约[J]. 地质学报,2017,91（11）：2387-2408.

Tian Hui, LI Huaikun, Zhou Hongying, et al. Depositional age of the Huashan Group on the northern margin of the Yangtze Plate and its constraints on breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2017, 91(11): 2387-2408.
[77] Yang Z N, Yang K G, Polat A, et al. Early crustal evolution of the eastern Yangtze Block: Evidence from detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic composition of the Neoproterozoic Huashan Group in the Dahongshan area[J]. Precambrian Research, 2018, 309: 248-270.
[78] 刘浩,徐大良,魏运许,等. 湖北大洪山打鼓石群沉积时限：来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄的证据[J]. 地质通报,2017,36（5）：715-725.

Liu Hao, Xu Daliang, Wei Yunxu, et al. Depositional age of the Dagushi Group in the Dahong mountain, Hubei province: Evidence from U-Pb ages of detrital zircons[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2017, 36(5): 715-725.