| [1] | 拜永山,任二峰,范桂兰,等. 2008. 青藏高原西北缘祁漫塔格山中新世快速抬升的磷灰石裂变径迹证据[J]. 地质通报,27(7):1044-1048. Bai Yongshan, Ren Erfeng, Fan Guilan, et al. 2008. Apatite fission track evidence for the Miocene rapid uplift of the Qimantag Mountains on the northwestern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 27(7): 1044-1048. |
| [2] | 蔡雄飞,刘德民,袁晏明,等. 2009. 试论柴达木和可可西里盆地古近纪—中新世地层的亲缘性[J]. 地层学杂志,33(3):276-282. Cai Xiongfei, Liu Demin, Yuan Yanming, et al. 2009. Relationship of the Paleocene-Miocene strata between the Qaidam and Kekexili Basins[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 33(3): 276-282. |
| [3] | 陈小宁,袁万明,张爱奎,等. 2014. 东昆仑西段巴音郭勒地区构造事件的磷灰石裂变径迹分析[J]. 核技术,37(1):54-61. Chen Xiaoning, Yuan Wanming, Zhang Aikui, et al. 2014. Apatite fission track analysis for revealing tectonic events of the Bayinguole area in the west section of Eastern Kunlun Mountains, northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Nuclear Techniques, 37(1): 54-61. |
| [4] | 陈宣华, Mcrivette M W,李丽,等. 2011. 东昆仑造山带多期隆升历史的地质热年代学证据[J]. 地质通报,30(11):1647-1660. Chen Xuanhua, Mcrivette M W, Li Li, et al. 2011. Thermochronological evidence for multi-phase uplifting of the East Kunlun Mountains, northern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 30(11): 1647-1660. |
| [5] | 邓涛,吴飞翔,王世骐,等. 2019. 古近纪/新近纪之交青藏高原陆地生态系统的重大转折[J]. 科学通报,64(27):2894-2906. Deng Tao, Wu Feixiang, Wang Shiqi, et al. 2019. Significant shift in the terrestrial ecosystem at the Paleogene/Neogene boundary in the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 64(27): 2894-2906. |
| [6] | 杜忠明,樊龙刚,武国利,等. 2016. 柴达木盆地东部新生代盆地结构与演化[J]. 地球物理学报,59(12):4560-4569. Du Zhongming, Fan Longgang, Wu Guoli, et al. 2016. Cenozoic architecture and structural development of the eastern Qaidam Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 59(12): 4560-4569. |
| [7] | 段志明,李勇,沈战武,等. 2007. 青藏高原腹地温泉地区新生代生态环境演化与高原表面隆升过程分析[J]. 中国地质,34(4):688-696. Duan Zhiming, Li Yong, Shen Zhanwu, et al. 2007. Analysis of the evolution of the Cenozoic ecological environment and process of plateau surface uplift in the Wenquan area in the interior of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Geology in China, 2007, 34(4): 688-696. |
| [8] | 蒋荣宝,陈宣华,党玉琪,等. 2008. 柴达木盆地东部中新生代两期逆冲断层作用的FT定年[J]. 地球物理学报,51(1):116-124. Jiang Rongbao, Chen Xuanhua, Dang Yuqi, et al. 2008. Apatite fission track evidence for two phases Mesozoic-Cenozoic thrust faulting in eastern Qaidam Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 51(1): 116-124. |
| [9] | 李吉均,文世宣,张青松,等. 1979. 青藏高原隆起的时代、幅度和形式的探讨[J]. 中国科学,9(6):608-616. Li Jijun, Wen Shixuan, Zhang Qingsong, et al. 1979. A discussion on the period, amplitude and type of the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Science Sinica, 9(6): 608-616. |
| [10] | 刘志飞,王成善,金玮,等. 2005. 青藏高原沱沱河盆地渐新—中新世沉积环境分析[J]. 沉积学报,23(2):210-217. Liu Zhifei, Wang Chengshan, Jin Wei, et al. 2005. Oligo-Miocene depositional environment of the Tuotuohe Basin, central Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 23(2): 210-217. |
| [11] | 罗文行. 2012. 东昆仑中段辉石岩的成因与构造—热演化史[D]. 武汉:中国地质大学:1-136. Luo Wenxing. 2012. Petrogenesis and tectono-thermal history of the plutonic pyroxenite in the middle of East Kunlun orogen, western China[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences: 1-136. |
| [12] | 庞健峰,丁孝忠,韩坤英,等. 2017. 1∶100 万中华人民共和国数字地质图空间数据库[J]. 中国地质,44(增刊1):8-18. Pang Jianfeng, Ding Xiaozhong, Han Kunying, et al. 2017.The national 1∶1000000 geological map spatial database[J]. Geology in China, 44(Suppl. 1): 8-18. |
| [13] | 青海省地震局,中国地震局地壳应力研究所. 1999. 东昆仑活动断裂带[M]. 北京:地震出版社:1-186. Qinghai Earthquake Administration, Institute of Crustal Stress, China Earthquake Administration. 1999. Eastern Kunlun active fault zone[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press: 1-186. |
| [14] | 孙非非,朱传宝,袁万明,等. 2016. 青海都兰县哈日扎多金属矿区构造活动的磷灰石裂变径迹分析[J]. 核技术,39(12):120501. Sun Feifei, Zhu Chuanbao, Yuan Wanming, et al. 2016. Apatite fission track analysis of tectonic activity in Harizha polymetallic ore district, Dulan county, Qinghai province[J]. Nuclear Techniques, 39(12): 120501. |
| [15] | 王国灿,向树元, Garver J I,等. 2003. 东昆仑东段哈拉郭勒—哈图一带中生代的岩石隆升剥露:锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年代学证据[J]. 地球科学:中国地质大学学报,28(6):645-652. Wang Guocan, Xiang Shuyuan, Garver J I, et al. 2003. Uplift and exhumation during Mesozoic in Halaguole-Hatu area, east segment of Eastern Kunlun Mountains: Evidence from zircon and apatite fission-track ages[J]. Earth Science: Journal of China University of Geosciences, 28(6): 645-652. |
| [16] | 王国灿,向树元,王岸,等. 2007. 东昆仑及相邻地区中生代—新生代早期构造过程的热年代学记录[J]. 地球科学:中国地质大学学报,32(5):605-614,680. Wang Guocan, Xiang Shuyuan, Wang An, et al. 2007. Thermochronological constraint to the processes of the East Kunlun and adjacent areas in Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic[J]. Earth Science: Journal of China University of Geosciences, 32(5): 605-614, 680. |
| [17] | 魏岩岩. 2017. 柴西南新生代沉积和构造特征及其与祁漫塔格的构造耦合[D]. 杭州:浙江大学:1-130. Wei Yanyan. 2017. Cenozoic sedimentary and structural features of southwest Qaidam Basin and its coupling with Qiman tagh[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University: 1-130. |
| [18] | 肖爱芳,黎敦朋,李新林,等. 2005. 新疆库木库里盆地演化[J]. 陕西地质,23(1):59-69. Xiao Aifang, Li Dunpeng, Li Xinlin, et al. 2005. Evolution of the Kumukuli Basin in Sinkiang[J]. Geology of Shaanxi, 23(1): 59-69. |
| [19] | 杨莉,袁万明,朱传宝,等. 2021. 东昆仑中生代隆升剥露历史[J]. 岩石学报,37(12):3781-3796. Yang Li, Yuan Wanming, Zhu Chuanbao, et al. 2021. Mesozoic uplift exhumation history of East Kunlun[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 37(12): 3781-3796. |
| [20] | 袁二军,史立群,袁万明,等. 2022. 东昆仑东段那日马拉黑南地区构造活动的磷灰石裂变径迹新证据[J]. 原子能科学技术,56(12):2780-2790. Yuan Erjun, Shi Liqun, Yuan Wanming, et al. 2022. New evidence of tectonic event of south Narimalahei area in Eastern Kunlun Mountain constrained by apatite fission track[J]. Atomic Energy Science and Technology, 56(12): 2780-2790. |
| [21] | 张伟林. 2006. 柴达木盆地新生代高精度磁性地层与青藏高原隆升[D]. 兰州:兰州大学:1-158. Zhang Weilin. 2006. Cenozoic uplift of the Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from high resolution magnetostratigraphy of the Qaidam Basin [D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University: 1-158. |
| [22] | 张以茀,郑健康. 1994. 青海可可西里及邻区地质概论[M]. 北京:地震出版社:1-177. Zhang Yifu, Zheng Jiankang. 1994. Geological overview in Kokshili, Qinghai and adjacent areas[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press: 1-177. |
| [23] | 张云翔,车自成,刘良,等. 1996. 新疆库木库里盆地的第三系[J]. 中国区域地质,15(4):311-316. Zhang Yunxiang, Che Zicheng, Liu Liang, et al. 1996. Tertiary in the Kumkol Basin, Xinjiang[J]. Regional Geology of China, 15(4): 311-316. |
| [24] | 中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队. 1981. 青藏高原隆起的时代、幅度和形式问题[M]. 北京:科学出版社:1-175. The Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1981. Studies on the period, amplitude and type of the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[M]. Beijing: Science Press: 1-175. |
| [25] | 周波. 2019. 东昆仑造山带中新生代热演化史及隆升—剥露过程研究[D]. 西安:西北大学:1-171. Zhou Bo. 2019. The thermal history and uplift-exhumation process of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt during Meso-Cenozoic time[D]. Xi’an: Northwest University: 1-171. |
| [26] | 朱传宝,孙非非,袁万明,等. 2018. 东昆仑野马泉地区磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学及构造意义[J]. 地球科学,43(6):2019-2028. Zhu Chuanbao, Sun Feifei, Yuan Wanming, et al. 2018. Apatite fission track thermochronology and tectonic significance in Yemaquan area, East Kunlun[J]. Earth Science, 43(6): 2019-2028. |
| [27] | An K X, Lin X B, Wu L, et al. 2020. An immediate response to the Indian-Eurasian collision along the northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from apatite fission track analysis in the Kuantan Shan-Hei Shan[J]. Tectonophysics, 774: 228278. |
| [28] | An Z S, Kutzbach J E, Prell W L, et al. 2001. Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau since Late Miocene times[J]. Nature, 411(6833): 62-66. |
| [29] | Arne D C, Green P F, Duddy I R, et al. 1989. Regional thermal history of the Lennard shelf, Canning Basin, from apatite fission track analysis: Implications for the formation of Pb‐Zn ore deposits[J]. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 36(4): 495-513. |
| [30] | Bao J, Wang Y D, Song C H, et al. 2017. Cenozoic sediment flux in the Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, and implications for regional tectonics and climate[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 155: 56-69. |
| [31] | Boone S C, Kohlmann F, Noble W, et al. 2023. A geospatial platform for the tectonic interpretation of low-temperature thermochronology Big Data[J]. Scientific Reports, 13(1): 8581. |
| [32] | Boos W R, Kuang Z M. 2010. Dominant control of the South Asian monsoon by orographic insulation versus plateau heating[J]. Nature, 463(7278): 218-222. |
| [33] | Bush M A, Saylor J E, Horton B K, et al. 2016. Growth of the Qaidam Basin during Cenozoic exhumation in the northern Tibetan Plateau: Inferences from depositional patterns and multiproxy detrital provenance signatures[J]. Lithosphere, 8(1): 58-82. |
| [34] | Chang H, Li L Y, Qiang X K, et al. 2015. Magnetostratigraphy of Cenozoic deposits in the western Qaidam Basin and its implication for the surface uplift of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 430: 271-283. |
| [35] | Chen C H, Bai Y, Fang X M, et al. 2019a. A Late Miocene terrestrial temperature history for the northeastern Tibetan Plateau's period of tectonic expansion[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(14): 8375-8386. |
| [36] | Chen X, Yuan W M, Xu J F, et al. 2019b. Tectonic activities in Dongshangen polymetallic ore district, Eastern Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Evidences from fission track thermochrono-logy[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 112: 103065. |
| [37] | Cheng F, Fu S T, Jolivet M, et al. 2016. Source to sink relation between the Eastern Kunlun range and the Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, during the Cenozoic[J]. GSA Bulletin, 128(1/2): 258-283. |
| [38] | Cheng F, Garzione C N, Jolivet M, et al. 2019a. Initial deformation of the northern Tibetan Plateau: Insights from deposition of the Lulehe Formation in the Qaidam Basin[J]. Tectonics, 38(2): 741-766. |
| [39] | Cheng F, Jolivet M, Guo Z J, et al. 2019b. Jurassic-Early Cenozoic tectonic inversion in the Qilian Shan and Qaidam Basin, North Tibet: New insight from seismic reflection, isopach mapping, and drill core data[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124(11): 12077-12098. |
| [40] | Cheng F, Jolivet M, Guo Z J, et al. 2021. Cenozoic evolution of the Qaidam Basin and implications for the growth of the northern Tibetan Plateau: A review[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 220: 103730. |
| [41] | Cheng F, Jolivet M, Hallot E, et al. 2017. Tectono-magmatic rejuvenation of the Qaidam Craton, northern Tibet[J]. Gondwana Research, 49: 248-263. |
| [42] | Clark M K, Farley K A, Zheng D W, et al. 2010. Early Cenozoic faulting of the northern Tibetan Plateau margin from apatite (U-Th)/He ages[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 296(1/2): 78-88. |
| [43] | Clark M K, Schoenbohm L M, Royden L H, et al. 2004. Surface uplift, tectonics, and erosion of eastern Tibet from large‐scale drainage patterns[J]. Tectonics, 23(1): TC1006. |
| [44] | Dai J G, Wang C S, Hourigan J, et al. 2013. Multi-stage tectono-magmatic events of the Eastern Kunlun range, northern Tibet: Insights from U-Pb geochronology and (U-Th)/He thermochronology[J]. Tectonophysics, 599: 97-106. |
| [45] | Dai J G, Zhao X X, Wang C S, et al. 2012. The vast proto-Tibetan Plateau: New constraints from Paleogene Hoh Xil Basin[J]. Gondwana Research, 22(2): 434-446. |
| [46] | Deng T, Wang X M, Fortelius M, et al. 2011. Out of Tibet: Pliocene woolly rhino suggests high-plateau origin of ice age megaherbivores[J]. Science, 333(6047): 1285-1288. |
| [47] | Deng T, Wu F X, Zhou Z K, et al. 2020. Tibetan Plateau: An evolutionary junction for the history of modern biodiversity[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 63(2): 172-187. |
| [48] | Ding L, Kapp P, Cai F L, et al. 2022. Timing and mechanisms of Tibetan Plateau uplift[J]. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 3(10): 652-667. |
| [49] | Ding W N, Ree R H, Spicer R A, et al. 2020. Ancient orogenic and monsoon-driven assembly of the world's richest temperate alpine flora[J]. Science, 369(6503): 578-581. |
| [50] | Dodson M H. 1973. Closure temperature in cooling geochronological and petrological systems[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 40(3): 259-274. |
| [51] | Dong Y P, He D F, Sun S S, et al. 2018. Subduction and accretionary tectonics of the East Kunlun orogen, western segment of the Central China orogenic system[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 186: 231-261. |
| [52] | Duvall A R, Clark M K, Kirby E, et al. 2013. Low-temperature thermochronometry along the Kunlun and Haiyuan faults, NE Tibetan Plateau: Evidence for kinematic change during late-stage orogenesis[J]. Tectonics, 32(5): 1190-1211. |
| [53] | Duvall A R, Clark M K, van der Pluijm B A, et al. 2011. Direct dating of Eocene reverse faulting in northeastern Tibet using Ar-dating of fault clays and low-temperature thermochronometry[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 304(3/4): 520-526. |
| [54] | Fang X M, Dupont-Nivet G, Wang C S, et al. 2020. Revised chronology of central Tibet uplift (Lunpola Basin)[J]. Science Advances, 6(50): eaba7298. |
| [55] | Fang X M, Galy A, Yang Y B, et al. 2019. Paleogene global cooling-induced temperature feedback on chemical weathering, as recorded in the northern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geology, 47(10): 992-996. |
| [56] | Fang X M, Zhang W L, Meng Q Q, et al. 2007. High-resolution magnetostratigraphy of the Neogene Huaitoutala section in the eastern Qaidam Basin on the NE Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai province, China and its implication on tectonic uplift of the NE Tibetan Plateau[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 258(1/2): 293-306. |
| [57] | Feijó A, Ge D A, Wen Z X, et al. 2022. Mammalian diversification bursts and biotic turnovers are synchronous with Cenozoic geoclimatic events in Asia[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(49): e2207845119. |
| [58] | Feng Y L, Yuan W M, Tian Y T, et al. 2017. Preservation and exhumation history of the Harizha-Halongxiuma mining area in the East Kunlun range, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China[J]. Ore Ge-ology Reviews, 90: 1018-1031. |
| [59] | Galbraith R F. 1988. Graphical display of estimates having differing standard errors[J]. Technometrics, 30(3): 271-281. |
| [60] | Galbraith R F. 1990. The radial plot: Graphical assessment of spread in ages[J]. International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, 17(3): 207-214. |
| [61] | Galbraith R F, Roberts R G, Laslett G M, et al. 1999. Optical dating of single and multiple grains of quartz from Jinmium rock shelter, northern Australia: Part I, experimental design and statistical models[J]. Archaeometry, 41(2): 339-364. |
| [62] | Gallagher K. 2012. Transdimensional inverse thermal history modelling for quantitative thermochronology[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 117(B2): B02408. |
| [63] | Gallagher K, Brown R, Johnson C. 1998. Fission track analysis and its applications to geological problems[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 26: 519-572. |
| [64] | Gleadow A J W, Brown R W. 2000. Fission track thermochronology and the long-term denudational response to tectonics[M]//Summerfield M J. Geomorphology and global tectonics. New York: Wiley: 57-75. |
| [65] | Gleadow A J W, Duddy I R, Green P F, et al. 1986. Confined fission track lengths in apatite: A diagnostic tool for thermal history analysis[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 94(4): 405-415. |
| [66] | Gleadow A J W, Kohn B P, Brown R W, et al. 2002. Fission track thermotectonic imaging of the Australian continent[J]. Tectonophysics, 349(1/2/3/4): 5-21. |
| [67] | Gleadow A J W, Lovering J F. 1974. The effect of weathering on fission track dating[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 22(2): 163-168. |
| [68] | Glorie S, de Grave J. 2016. Exhuming the Meso-Cenozoic Kyrgyz Tianshan and Siberian Altai-Sayan: A review based on low-temperature thermochronology[J]. Geoscience Frontiers, 7(2): 155-170. |
| [69] | Guenthner W R, Reiners P W, Ketcham R A, et al. 2013. Helium diffusion in natural zircon: Radiation damage, anisotropy, and the interpretation of zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronology[J]. American Journal of Science, 313(3): 145-198. |
| [70] | Guo Z T, Ruddiman W F, Hao Q Z, et al. 2002. Onset of Asian desertification by 22 Myr ago inferred from loess deposits in China[J]. Nature, 416(6877): 159-163. |
| [71] | Guo Z T, Sun B, Zhang Z S, et al. 2008. A major reorganization of Asian climate by the Early Miocene[J]. Climate of the Past, 4(3): 153-174. |
| [72] | He P J, Song C H, Wang Y D, et al. 2021. Early Cenozoic activated deformation in the Qilian Shan, northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Insights from detrital apatite fission‐track analysis[J]. Basin Research, 33(3): 1731-1748. |
| [73] | Herman F, Seward D, Valla P G, et al. 2013. Worldwide acceleration of mountain erosion under a cooling climate[J]. Nature, 504(7480): 423-426. |
| [74] | Hill S M, Kohn B P. 1999. Morphotectonic evolution of the Mundi Mundi range front, Broken Hill region, western NSW[M]//Taylor G M, Pain C F. New approaches to an old continent. Perth: CRC LEME: 319-334. |
| [75] | Hui Z C, Li X C, Ma Z H, et al. 2018. Miocene pollen assemblages from the Zeku Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and their palaeoecological and palaeoaltimetric implications[J]. Palaeogeo-graphy, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 511: 419-432. |
| [76] | Jepson G, Carrapa B, Gillespie J, et al. 2021. Climate as the great equalizer of continental‐scale erosion[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 48(20): e2021GL095008. |
| [77] | Ji J L, Zhang K X, Clift P D, et al. 2017. High-resolution magnetostratigraphic study of the Paleogene-Neogene strata in the northern Qaidam Basin: Implications for the growth of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Gondwana Research, 46: 141-155. |
| [78] | Jian X, Guan P, Fu L, et al. 2024. Detrital zircon geochronology and provenance of Cenozoic deposits in the Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau: An overview with new data, implications and perspectives[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 159: 106566. |
| [79] | Jian X, Guan P, Zhang D W, et al. 2013. Provenance of Tertiary sandstone in the northern Qaidam Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Integration of framework petrography, heavy mineral analysis and mineral chemistry[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 290: 109-125. |
| [80] | Jiang L W, Liu Y J, Li W M, et al. 2024. Mesozoic-Cenozoic uplift of Qiman Tagh range in northern Tibet Plateau, western China[J]. GSA Bulletin, 136(3/4): 1050-1066. |
| [81] | Jolivet M, Brunel M, Seward D, et al. 2001. Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics of the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau: Fission-track constraints[J]. Tectonophysics, 343(1/2): 111-134. |
| [82] | Jolivet M, Brunel M, Seward D, et al. 2003. Neogene extension and volcanism in the Kunlun fault zone, northern Tibet: New constraints on the age of the Kunlun fault[J]. Tectonics, 22(5): 1052. |
| [83] | Ketcham R A. 2005. Forward and inverse modelling of low-temperature thermochronometry data[J]. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 58(1): 275-314. |
| [84] | Ketcham R A, Carter A, Donelick R A, et al. 2007. Improved modelling of fission-track annealing in apatite[J]. American Mineralogist, 92(5/6): 799-810. |
| [85] | Ketcham R A, Donelick R A, Balestrieri M L, et al. 2009. Reproducibility of apatite fission-track length data and thermal history reconstruction[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 284(3/4): 504-515. |
| [86] | Kohn B, Chung L, Gleadow A. 2019. Fission-track analysis: Field collection, sample preparation and data acquisition[M]//Malusà M G, Fitzgerald P G. Fission-track thermochronology and its application to geology. Cham: Springer: 25-48. |
| [87] | Kohn B P, Gleadow A J W, Brown R W, et al. 2002. Shaping the Australian crust over the last 300 million years: Insights from fission track thermotectonic imaging and denudation studies of key terranes[J]. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 49(4): 697-717. |
| [88] | Lanari R, Boutoux A, Faccenna C, et al. 2023. Cenozoic exhumation in the Mediterranean and the Middle East[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 237: 104328. |
| [89] | Lease R O, Burbank D W, Clark M K, et al. 2011. Middle Miocene reorganisation of deformation along the northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geology, 39(4): 359-362. |
| [90] | Li C P, Zheng D W, Yu J X, et al. 2023a. Late Oligocene orogen-scale tilting in northern Tibet: A response to northward injection of the Tibetan lower crust?[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(8): e2022GL102700. |
| [91] | Li C P, Zheng D W, Yu J X, et al. 2023b. Late Oligocene mountain building of the East Kunlun Shan in northeastern Tibet: Impact on the Cenozoic climate evolution in East Asia[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 224: 104114. |
| [92] | Li C P, Zheng D W, Zhou R J, et al. 2021. Late Oligocene tectonic uplift of the East Kunlun Shan: Expansion of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 48(3): e2020GL091281. |
| [93] | Li L L, Guo Z J, Guan S W, et al. 2015. Heavy mineral assemblage characteristics and the Cenozoic paleogeographic evolution in southwestern Qaidam Basin[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 58(6): 859-875. |
| [94] | Li L L, Wu C D, Yu X J. 2018. Cenozoic evolution of the Altyn Tagh and East Kunlun fault zones inferred from detrital garnet, tourmaline and rutile in southwestern Qaidam Basin (northern Tibetan Plateau)[J]. Basin Research, 30(1): 35-58. |
| [95] | Li W, Neubauer F, Liu Y J, et al. 2013. Paleozoic evolution of the Qimantagh magmatic arcs, Eastern Kunlun Mountains: Constraints from zircon dating of granitoids and modern river sands[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 77: 183-202. |
| [96] | Li Y L, Wang C S, Zhao X X, et al. 2012. Cenozoic thrust system, basin evolution, and uplift of the Tanggula range in the Tuotuohe region, central Tibet[J]. Gondwana Research, 22(2): 482-492. |
| [97] | Liu D L, Li H B, Chevalier M L, et al. 2021. Activity of the Baiganhu fault of the Altyn Tagh fault system, northern Tibetan Plateau: Insights from zircon and apatite fission track analyses[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 570: 110356. |
| [98] | Liu D L, Li H B, Sun Z M, et al. 2017. AFT dating constrains the Cenozoic uplift of the Qimen Tagh Mountains, northeast Tibetan Plateau, comparison with LA-ICPMS Zircon U-Pb ages[J]. Gondwana Research, 41: 438-450. |
| [99] | Liu Y J, Neubauer F, Genser J, et al. 2007. Geochronology of the initiation and displacement of the Altyn strike-slip fault, western China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 29(2/3): 243-252. |
| [100] | Liu Z F, Wang C S. 2001. Facies analysis and depositional systems of Cenozoic sediments in the Hoh Xil Basin, northern Tibet[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 140(3/4): 251-270. |
| [101] | Liu Z F, Wang C S, Yi H S. 2001. Evolution and mass accumulation of the Cenozoic Hoh Xil Basin, northern Tibet[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 71(6): 971-984. |
| [102] | Liu Z F, Zhao X X, Wang C S, et al. 2003. Magnetostratigraphy of Tertiary sediments from the Hoh Xil Basin: Implications for the Cenozoic tectonic history of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 154(2): 233-252. |
| [103] | Lu H J, Wang E, Shi X H, et al. 2012. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Elashan range and its surroundings, northern Tibetan Plateau as constrained by paleomagnetism and apatite fission track analyses[J]. Tectonophysics, 580: 150-161. |
| [104] | Lu H J, Xiong S F. 2009. Magnetostratigraphy of the Dahonggou section, northern Qaidam Basin and its bearing on Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Qilian Shan and Altyn Tagh fault[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 288(3/4): 539-550. |
| [105] | Lu H J, Ye J C, Guo L C, et al. 2019. Towards a clarification of the provenance of Cenozoic sediments in the northern Qaidam Basin[J]. Lithosphere, 11(2): 252-272. |
| [106] | Malusà M G, Fitzgerald P G. 2020. The geologic interpretation of the detrital thermochronology record within a stratigraphic framework, with examples from the European Alps, Taiwan and the Himalayas[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 201: 103074. |
| [107] | Mao L G, Xiao A C, Wu L, et al. 2014. Cenozoic tectonic and sedimentary evolution of southern Qaidam Basin, NE Tibetan Plateau and its implication for the rejuvenation of Eastern Kunlun Mountains[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 57(11): 2726-2739. |
| [108] | McRivette M W, Yin A, Chen X H, et al. 2019. Cenozoic basin evolution of the central Tibetan Plateau as constrained by U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology, sandstone petrology, and fission-track thermochronology[J]. Tectonophysics, 751: 150-179. |
| [109] | Meng Q R, Fang X. 2008. Cenozoic tectonic development of the Qai-dam Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau[M]//Burchfiel B C, Wang E. Investigations into the tectonics of the Tibetan Plateau. Boulder: Geological Society of America: 1-24. |
| [110] | Meng Q R, Hu J M, Yang F Z. 2001. Timing and magnitude of displacement on the Altyn Tagh fault: Constraints from stratigraphic correlation of adjoining Tarim and Qaidam Basins, NW China[J]. Terra Nova, 13(2): 86-91. |
| [111] | Miao Y F, Fang X M, Sun J M, et al. 2022. A new biologic paleoaltimetry indicating Late Miocene rapid uplift of northern Tibet Plateau[J]. Science, 378(6624): 1074-1079. |
| [112] | Miao Y F, Wu F L, Chang H, et al. 2016. A Late-Eocene palynological record from the Hoh Xil Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, and its implications for stratigraphic age, paleoclimate and paleoelevation[J]. Gondwana Research, 31: 241-252. |
| [113] | Mock C, Arnaud N O, Cantagrel J M. 1999. An early unroofing in northeastern Tibet? Constraints from 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology on granitoids from the Eastern Kunlun range (Qianghai, NW China)[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 171(1): 107-122. |
| [114] | Molnar P, England P, Martinod J. 1993. Mantle dynamics, uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, and the Indian monsoon[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 31(4): 357-396. |
| [115] | Paul T A, Fitzgerald P G. 1992. Transmission electron microscopic investigation of fission tracks in fluorapatite[J]. American Mineralogist, 77(3/4): 336-344. |
| [116] | Polissar P J, Freeman K H, Rowley D B, et al. 2009. Paleoaltimetry of the Tibetan Plateau from D/H ratios of lipid biomarkers[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 287(1/2): 64-76. |
| [117] | Raymo M E. 1991. Geochemical evidence supporting T. C. Chamberlin's theory of glaciation[J]. Geology, 19(4): 344-347. |
| [118] | Raymo M E, Ruddiman W F. 1992. Tectonic forcing of Late Cenozoic climate[J]. Nature, 359(6391): 117-122. |
| [119] | Raymo M E, Ruddiman W F, Froelich P N. 1988. Influence of Late Cenozoic mountain building on ocean geochemical cycles[J]. Ge-ology, 16(7): 649-653. |
| [120] | Reiners P W, Brandon M T. 2006. Using thermochronology to understand orogenic erosion[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 34: 419-466. |
| [121] | Ritts B D, Biffi U. 2000. Magnitude of post-Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) displacement on the central Altyn Tagh fault system, Northwest China[J]. GSA Bulletin, 112(1): 61-74. |
| [122] | Saylor J E, Jordan J C, Sundell K E, et al. 2018. Topographic growth of the Jishi Shan and its impact on basin and hydrology evolution, NE Tibetan Plateau[J]. Basin Research, 30(3): 544-563. |
| [123] | Schildgen T F, van der Beek P A, Sinclair H D, et al. 2018. Spatial correlation bias in Late-Cenozoic erosion histories derived from thermochronology[J]. Nature, 559(7712): 89-93. |
| [124] | Shi W B, Wang F, Wu L, et al. 2018. A prolonged Cenozoic erosional period in East Kunlun (western China): Constraints of detrital apatite (U-Th)/He ages on the onset of mountain building along the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 151: 54-61. |
| [125] | Song B W, Zhang K X, Hou Y F, et al. 2019. New insights into the provenance of Cenozoic strata in the Qaidam Basin, northern Tibet: Constraints from combined U-Pb dating of detrital zircons in recent and ancient fluvial sediments[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 533: 109254. |
| [126] | Song S G, Niu Y L, Su L, et al. 2014. Continental orogenesis from ocean subduction, continent collision/subduction, to orogen collapse, and orogen recycling: The example of the north Qaidam UHPM belt, NW China[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 129: 59-84. |
| [127] | Spicer R A. 2017. Tibet, the Himalaya, Asian monsoons and biodiversity: How are they related?[J]. Plant Diversity, 39(5): 233-244. |
| [128] | Staisch L M, Niemi N A, Clark M K, et al. 2016. Eocene to Late Oligocene history of crustal shortening within the Hoh Xil Basin and implications for the uplift history of the northern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Tectonics, 35(4): 862-895. |
| [129] | Staisch L M, Niemi N A, Clark M K, et al. 2020. The Cenozoic evolution of crustal shortening and left‐lateral shear in the central East Kunlun Shan: Implications for the uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Tectonics, 39(9): e2020TC006065. |
| [130] | Staisch L M, Niemi N A, Hong C, et al. 2014. A Cretaceous-Eocene depositional age for the Fenghuoshan Group, Hoh Xil Basin: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the northern Tibet Plateau[J]. Tectonics, 33(3): 281-301. |
| [131] | Stockli D F, Farley K A, Dumitru T A. 2000. Calibration of the apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometer on an exhumed fault block, White Mountains, California[J]. Geology, 28(11): 983-986. |
| [132] | Sun B, Wang Y F, Li C S, et al. 2015. Early Miocene elevation in northern Tibet estimated by palaeobotanical evidence[J]. Scientific Reports, 5(1): 10379. |
| [133] | Tian P F, Yuan W M, Yang X Y, et al. 2020. Multi-stage tectonic events of the Eastern Kunlun Mountains, northern Tibetan Plateau constrained by fission track thermochronology[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 198: 104428. |
| [134] | Vermeesch P. 2012. On the visualisation of detrital age distributions[J]. Chemical Geology, 312/313: 190-194. |
| [135] | Vermeesch P, Tian Y T. 2014. Thermal history modelling: HeFTy vs. QTQt[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 139: 279-290. |
| [136] | Vernon A J, van der Beek P A, Sinclair H D, et al. 2008. Increase in Late Neogene denudation of the European Alps confirmed by analysis of a fission-track thermochronology database[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 270(3/4): 316-329. |
| [137] | Villa I M. 1998. Isotopic closure[J]. Terra Nova, 10(1): 42-47. |
| [138] | Wang A, Wang G C, Xie D F, et al. 2006. Fission track geochronology of Xiaonanchuan pluton and the morphotectonic evolution of Eastern Kunlun since Late Miocene[J]. Journal of China University of Geosciences, 17(4): 302-309. |
| [139] | Wang C S, Dai J G, Zhao X X, et al. 2014. Outward-growth of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic: A review[J]. Tectonophysics, 621: 1-43. |
| [140] | Wang C S, Liu Z F, Yi H S, et al. 2002. Tertiary crustal shortening and peneplanation in the Hoh Xil region: Implications for the tectonic history of the northern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 20(3): 211-223. |
| [141] | Wang C S, Zhao X X, Liu Z F, et al. 2008. Constraints on the early uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(13): 4987-4992. |
| [142] | Wang F, Feng H L, Shi W B, et al. 2016. Relief history and denudation evolution of the northern Tibet margin: Constraints from 40Ar/39Ar and (U-Th)/He dating and implications for far-field effect of rising plateau[J]. Tectonophysics, 675: 196-208. |
| [143] | Wang F, Lo C H, Li Q, et al. 2004. Onset timing of significant unroofing around Qaidam Basin, northern Tibet, China: Constraints from 40Ar/39Ar and FT thermochronology on granitoids[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 24(1): 59-69. |
| [144] | Wang F, Shi W B, Zhang W B, et al. 2017a. Differential growth of the northern Tibetan margin: Evidence for oblique stepwise rise of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Scientific Reports, 7(1): 41164. |
| [145] | Wang F, Shi W B, Zhang W B, et al. 2020. Multiple phases of mountain building on the northern Tibetan margin[J]. Lithosphere, 2020(1): 8829964. |
| [146] | Wang Q M, Coward M P. 1990. The Chaidam Basin (NW China): Formation and hydrocarbon potential[J]. Journal of Petroleum Ge-ology, 13(1): 93-112. |
| [147] | Wang W T, Zheng W J, Zhang P Z, et al. 2017b. Expansion of the Tibetan Plateau during the Neogene[J]. Nature Communications, 8(1): 15887. |
| [148] | Wang Y D, Zheng J J, Zheng Y W. 2018. Mesozoic-Cenozoic exhumation history of the Qimen Tagh range, northeastern margins of the Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from apatite fission track analysis[J]. Gondwana Research, 58: 16-26. |
| [149] | Wang Y D, Zheng J J, Zheng Y W, et al. 2015. Paleocene-Early Eocene uplift of the Altyn Tagh Mountain: Evidence from detrital zircon fission track analysis and seismic sections in the northwestern Qai-dam Basin[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120(12): 8534-8550. |
| [150] | Wang Y N, Zhang J, Huang X, et al. 2023. Cenozoic exhumation of the Tianshan as constrained by regional low-temperature thermochronology[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 237: 104325. |
| [151] | Wei H H, Wu G L, Ding L, et al. 2023. Revisiting the mechanisms of mid-Tertiary uplift of the NE Tibetan Plateau[J]. National Science Review, 10(4): nwad008. |
| [152] | Wu C, Li J, Ding L. 2021. Low-temperature thermochronology constraints on the evolution of the Eastern Kunlun range, northern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geosphere, 17(4): 1193-1213. |
| [153] | Wu C, Zuza A V, Chen X H, et al. 2019a. Tectonics of the Eastern Kunlun range: Cenozoic reactivation of a Paleozoic‐Early Mesozoic orogen[J]. Tectonics, 38(5): 1609-1650. |
| [154] | Wu C, Zuza A V, Zhou Z G, et al. 2019b. Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution of the Eastern Kunlun range, central Tibet, and implications for basin evolution during the Indo-Asian collision[J]. Lithosphere, 11(4): 524-550. |
| [155] | Wu F L, Fang X M, Yang Y B, et al. 2022. Reorganization of Asian climate in relation to Tibetan Plateau uplift[J]. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 3(10): 684-700. |
| [156] | Wu L, Xiao A C, Wang L Q, et al. 2011. Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous northern Qaidam Basin, NW China: Implications for the earliest Cretaceous intracontinental tectonism[J]. Cretaceous Research, 32(4): 552-564. |
| [157] | Wu Z H, Barosh P J, Wu Z H, et al. 2008. Vast Early Miocene lakes of the central Tibetan Plateau[J]. GSA Bulletin, 120(9/10): 1326-1337. |
| [158] | Wu Z H, Ye P S, Patrick B J, et al. 2009. Late Oligocene-Early Miocene thrusting in southern East Kunlun Mountains, northern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 20(2): 381-390. |
| [159] | Xia G Q, Wu C H, Li G J, et al. 2021. Cenozoic growth of the Eastern Kunlun range (northern Tibetan Plateau): Evidence from sedimentary records in the southwest Qaidam Basin[J]. International Geology Review, 63(6): 769-786. |
| [160] | Xia W C, Zhang N, Yuan X P, et al. 2001. Cenozoic Qaidam Basin, China: A stronger tectonic inversed, extensional rifted basin[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 85(4): 715-736. |
| [161] | Yi H S, Wang C S, Shi Z Q, et al. 2008. Early uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau: Records from paleocurrents and paleodrainage in the Hoh Xil Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82(1): 206-213. |
| [162] | Yin A. 2010. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Asia: A preliminary synthesis[J]. Tectonophysics, 488(1/2/3/4): 293-325. |
| [163] | Yin A, Dang Y Q, Wang L C, et al. 2008a. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Qaidam Basin and its surrounding regions (Part 1): The southern Qilian Shan-Nan Shan thrust belt and northern Qaidam Basin[J]. GSA Bulletin, 120(7/8): 813-846. |
| [164] | Yin A, Dang Y Q, Zhang M, et al. 2007. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Qaidam Basin and its surrounding regions (part 2): Wedge tectonics in southern Qaidam Basin and the Eastern Kunlun range[M]//Sears J W, Harms T A, Evenchick C A. Whence the mountains? Inquiries into the evolution of orogenic systems: A volume in honor of Raymond A. price. Boulder: Geological Society of America: 369-390. |
| [165] | Yin A, Dang Y Q, Zhang M, et al. 2008b. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Qaidam Basin and its surrounding regions (Part 3): Structural geology, sedimentation, and regional tectonic reconstruction[J]. GSA Bulletin, 120(7/8): 847-876. |
| [166] | Yin A, Harrison T M. 2000. Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 28: 211-280. |
| [167] | Yin A, Rumelhart P E, Butler R, et al. 2002. Tectonic history of the Altyn Tagh fault system in northern Tibet inferred from Cenozoic sedimentation[J]. GSA Bulletin, 114(10): 1257-1295. |
| [168] | Yu M, Feng C Y, Santosh M, et al. 2017. The Qiman Tagh Orogen as a window to the crustal evolution in northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 167: 103-123. |
| [169] | Yuan W M, Dong J Q, Wang S C, et al. 2006. Apatite fission track evidence for Neogene uplift in the Eastern Kunlun Mountains, northern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27(6): 847-856. |
| [170] | Yuan W M, Mo X X, Zhang A K, et al. 2013. Fission track thermochronology evidence for multiple periods of mineralization in the Wu-longgou gold deposits, Eastern Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai province[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 24(4): 471-478. |
| [171] | Yue Y J, Ritts B D, Graham S A, et al. 2004. Slowing extrusion tectonics: Lowered estimate of post-Early Miocene slip rate for the Altyn Tagh fault[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 217(1/2): 111-122. |
| [172] | Zhang Z J, Daly J S, Tian Y T, et al. 2022. Sedimentary provenance perspectives on the evolution of the major rivers draining the eastern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 232: 104151. |
| [173] | Zhao Q M, Hu X F, Sun X Y, et al. 2024. Landform evolution of the Qilian Shan since 120 Ma revealed by apatite fission track data[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 181(5): jgs2023-193. |
| [174] | Zheng H B, Clift P D, Wang P, et al. 2013. Pre-Miocene birth of the Yangtze River[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(19): 7556-7561. |
| [175] | Zhou J X, Xu F Y, Wang T C, et al. 2006. Cenozoic deformation history of the Qaidam Basin, NW China: Results from cross-section restoration and implications for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau tectonics[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 243(1/2): 195-210. |
| [176] | Zhu L D, Wang C S, Zheng H B, et al. 2006. Tectonic and sedimentary evolution of basins in the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their implication for the northward growth of the plateau[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 241(1): 49-60. |
| [177] | Zhu W, Wu C D, Wang J L, et al. 2017. Heavy mineral compositions and zircon U-Pb ages of Cenozoic sandstones in the SW Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for provenance and tectonic setting[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 146: 233-250. |
| [178] | Zhuang G S, Hourigan J K, Ritts B D, et al. 2011. Cenozoic multiple-phase tectonic evolution of the northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints from sedimentary records from Qaidam Basin, Hexi Corridor, and Subei Basin, Northwest China[J]. American Journal of Science, 311(2): 116-152. |
| [179] | Zhuang G S, Johnstone S A, Hourigan J, et al. 2018. Understanding the geologic evolution of northern Tibetan Plateau with multiple thermochronometers[J]. Gondwana Research, 58: 195-210. |
| [180] | Zhuang G S, Zhang Y G, Hourigan J, et al. 2019. Microbial and geochronologic constraints on the Neogene paleotopography of northern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(3): 1312-1319. |
| [181] | Zuza A V, Yin A, Lin J, et al. 2017. Spacing and strength of active continental strike-slip faults[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 457: 49-62. |